忘却学习对突破性创新的影响——基于关系型社会资本与冗余资源的调节作用
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摘要
突破性创新对于组织,行业和社会有着巨大的影响作用,其成功往往需要组织内部以及跨组织边界多方面因素的共同促进。重点区分了组织忘却2个维度分别对突破性创新的影响,这些维度对应组织不同层次的社会关系和资源冗余。以广东省高科技企业为研究对象,其中主要包括光电、通信、生物技术等行业。共获得141份有效数据。研究结果表明,组织忘却学习的变革维度对组织突破性创新具有积极促进作用,而遗忘维度则对其产生负向影响。此外,冗余资源强化了变革维度对突破性创新的促进效应。
Radical innovations have enormous impacts on organizations, industries, and societies. Its success often requires multiple facilitators within and across organizational boundaries. In this study, we focused on the distinction between the two dimensions of organizational unlearning on radical innovation, these dimensions correspond to different levels of social relations and slack resources possessed by the organizations. In this paper, high- tech companies of Guangdong Province for the study, which mainly include optoelectronics, communications, biotechnology and other industries. In total of 141 valid data. The results show that changes in the dimensions of organizational unlearning positively affects radical innovation and the forgetting dimension has a negative effect. In addition, slack resources strengthen the positive effect between the change dimensions of unlearning and radical innovation. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the influence mechanism of organizational unlearning, slack resources, and relational social capital on radical innovation.
Radical innovations have enormous impacts on organizations, industries, and societies. Its success often requires multiple facilitators within and across organizational boundaries. In this study, we focused on the distinction between the two dimensions of organizational unlearning on radical innovation, these dimensions correspond to different levels of social relations and slack resources possessed by the organizations. In this paper, high- tech companies of Guangdong Province for the study, which mainly include optoelectronics, communications, biotechnology and other industries. In total of 141 valid data. The results show that changes in the dimensions of organizational unlearning positively affects radical innovation and the forgetting dimension has a negative effect. In addition, slack resources strengthen the positive effect between the change dimensions of unlearning and radical innovation. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the influence mechanism of organizational unlearning, slack resources, and relational social capital on radical innovation.
引文
[1]罗仲伟,任国良,焦豪,等.动态能力、技术范式转变与创新战略:基于腾讯微信“整合”与“迭代”微创新的纵向案例分析[J].管理世界,2014(8):152-168.
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[14]Moorman C,Miner A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[15]Benner M J,Ranganathan R A M.Offsetting illegitimacy?How pressures from securities analysts influence incumbents in the face of new technologies[J].Academy of Management Journal,2012,55(1):213-233.
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[17]Voss G B,Sirdeshmukh D,Voss Z G.The effects of slack resources and environmental threat on product exploration and exploitation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(1):147-164.
[18]Subramaniam M,Venkatraman N.Determinants of transnational new product development capability:Testing the influence of transferring and deploying tacit overseas knowledge[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(4):359-378.
[19]Moran P.Structural vs relational embeddedness:Social capital and managerial performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(12):1129-1151.
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[21]宋华,王岚.企业间关系行为对创新柔性的影响研究[J].科研管理,2012,33(3):1-10+17.
[22]董志强.制度及其演化的一般理论[J].管理世界,2008(5):151-165.
[23]García-Mui?a F E,Pelechano-Barahona E,Navas-López J E.Knowledge codification and technological innovation success:Empirical evidence from Spanish biotech companies[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2009,76(1):141-153.
[24]Anand G,Ward P T.Fit,flexibility and performance in manufacturing:Coping with dynamic environments[J].Production and Operations Management Journal,2004,13(4):369-385.
[25]Casillasa J C,Acedoa F J,Barberob J L.Learning,unlearning and internationalisation:Evidence from the pre-export phase[J].International Journal of Information Management,2010,30(2):162-173.
[26]Antonio L L R,Stephen E,JoséL R,et al.Organizational unlearning,innovation outcomes,and performance:The moderating effect of firm size[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(4):803-809.
[27]Becker K.Unlearning as a driver of sustainable change and innovation:Three Australian case stu-dies[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2008,42(1/2):89-106.
[28]De Holan P M,Phillips N.Remembrance of things past?The dynamics of organizational forgetting[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1603-1613.
[29]杨春江,李陶然,逯野.基于工作嵌入视角的组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(3):351-359.
[30]Lichtenthaler U.Open innovation:Past research,current debates,and future directions[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,2011,25(1):75-93.
[31]卫武,夏清华,资海喜,等.企业的可见性和脆弱性有助于提升对利益相关者压力的认知及其反应吗?:动态能力的调节作用[J].管理世界,2013(11):101-117.
[32]Orlikowski W J,Gash D C.Technological frames:Making sense of information technology in organizations[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,1994,12(2):174-207.
[33]Kaplan S,Tripsas M.Thinking about technology:Applying a cognitive lens to technical change[J].Research Policy,2008,37(5):790-805.
[34]Amit R,Schoemaker P J H.Strategic assets and organizational rent[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(1):33-46.
[35]George G.Slack resource and the performance of privately held firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(4):661-676.
[36]王艳,贺新闻,梁莱歆.不同产权性质下企业组织冗余与自主创新投入关系研究:来自中国上市公司的经验数据[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(7):140-147.
[37]谢言,高山行.原始性技术创新的产生及结果:企业家导向、原始性技术创新与企业竞争力关系的研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(5):116-125.
[38]王亚妮,程新生.环境不确定性、沉淀性冗余资源与企业创新:基于中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1242-1250.
[39]李妹,高山行.环境不确定性、组织冗余与原始性创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(1):47-56.
[40]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[41]Pérez-Lu?o A,Medina C C,Lavado A C,et al.How social capital and knowledge affect innovation[J].Journal of Business Research,2011,64(12):1369-1376.
[42]包凤耐,彭正银.网络能力视角下企业关系资本对知识转移的影响研究[J].南开管理评论,2015,18(3):95-101.
[43]李浩.社会资本视角下的网络知识管理框架及进展研究[J].管理世界,2012(3):158-169.
[44]朱秀梅,费宇鹏.关系特征、资源获取与初创企业绩效关系实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(3):125-135.
[45]戴亦欣,胡赛全.开放式创新对创新政策的影响:基于创新范式的视角[J].科学学研究,2014,32(11):1723-1731.
[46]Levin D Z,Cross R.The strength of weak ties you can trust:The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1477-1490.
[47]Tan J,Peng M W.Organizational slack and firm performance during economic transitions:Two studies from an emerging economy[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1249-1263.
[48]李剑力.探索性创新、开发性创新与企业绩效关系研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2010.
[49]Inkpen A C,Tsang E W K.Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J].Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[50]Maurer I,Ebers M.Dynamics of social capital and their performance implications:Lessons from biotechnology start-ups[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2006,51(2):262-278.
[51]沈坤荣,孙文杰.市场竞争、技术溢出与内资企业R&D效率:基于行业层面的实证研究[J].管理世界,2009(1):38-48+187-188.
[52]James L R,Demaree R G,Wolf G.Estimating within group interrater reliability with and without response bias[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1984,69(1):85-98.
[53]Moorman C,Miner A S.Organizational improvisation and organizational memory[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(4):698-723.
[54]刘群慧,李丽.关系嵌入性、机会主义行为与合作创新意愿:q对广东省中小企业样本的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(7):83-94.
[2]冯军政.企业突破性创新和破坏性创新的驱动因素研究:环境动态性和敌对性的视角[J].科学学研究,2013(9):1421-1432.
[3]薛红志,张玉利.主导企业适应突破性技术变革的整合研究[J].南开管理评论,2007(3):61-69.
[4]罗珉,李亮宇.互联网时代的商业模式创新:价值创造视角[J].中国工业经济,2015(1):95-107.
[5]孙喜,路风.从技术自立到创新:一个关于技术学习的概念框架[J].科学学研究,2015,33(7):975-984+1016.
[6]周江华,仝允桓,李纪珍.基于金字塔底层(Bo P)市场的破坏性创新:针对山寨手机行业的案例研究[J].管理世界,2012(2):112-130.
[7]Akgün A E,Lynn G S,Byrne J C.Antecedents and consequences of unlearning in new product development teams[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2006,23(1):73-88.
[8]Tsang E W K,Zahra S A.Organizational unlearning[J].Human Relations,2008,61(10):1435-1462.
[9]曾俊健,陈春花,李洁芳,等.主动组织遗忘与组织创新的关系研究[J].科研管理,2012(8):128-136.
[10]Van Mierlo B,Leeuwis C,Smits R,et al.Learning towards system innovation:Evaluating a systemic instrument[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2010,77(2):318-334.
[11]Mezias J,Grinyer P,Guth W.Changing collective cognition:A process model for strategic change[J].Long Range Planning,2001,34(1):71-95.
[12]Kleiner M M,Nickelsburg J,Pilarski A M.Organizational and individual learning and forgetting[J].Industrial&Labor Relations Review,2012,65(1):68-81.
[13]Hsu G,Hannan M T.Identities,genres,and organizational forms[J].Organization Science,2005,16(5):474-490.
[14]Moorman C,Miner A S.The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1997,34(1):91-106.
[15]Benner M J,Ranganathan R A M.Offsetting illegitimacy?How pressures from securities analysts influence incumbents in the face of new technologies[J].Academy of Management Journal,2012,55(1):213-233.
[16]Shin J,Taylor M S,Seo M G.Resources for change:The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees'attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change[J].Academy of Management Journal,2012,55(3):727-748.
[17]Voss G B,Sirdeshmukh D,Voss Z G.The effects of slack resources and environmental threat on product exploration and exploitation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2008,51(1):147-164.
[18]Subramaniam M,Venkatraman N.Determinants of transnational new product development capability:Testing the influence of transferring and deploying tacit overseas knowledge[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(4):359-378.
[19]Moran P.Structural vs relational embeddedness:Social capital and managerial performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(12):1129-1151.
[20]Akgün A E,Byrne J C,Lynn G S,et al.New product development in turbulent environments:Impact of improvisation and unlearning on new product performance[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24(3):203-230.
[21]宋华,王岚.企业间关系行为对创新柔性的影响研究[J].科研管理,2012,33(3):1-10+17.
[22]董志强.制度及其演化的一般理论[J].管理世界,2008(5):151-165.
[23]García-Mui?a F E,Pelechano-Barahona E,Navas-López J E.Knowledge codification and technological innovation success:Empirical evidence from Spanish biotech companies[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2009,76(1):141-153.
[24]Anand G,Ward P T.Fit,flexibility and performance in manufacturing:Coping with dynamic environments[J].Production and Operations Management Journal,2004,13(4):369-385.
[25]Casillasa J C,Acedoa F J,Barberob J L.Learning,unlearning and internationalisation:Evidence from the pre-export phase[J].International Journal of Information Management,2010,30(2):162-173.
[26]Antonio L L R,Stephen E,JoséL R,et al.Organizational unlearning,innovation outcomes,and performance:The moderating effect of firm size[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(4):803-809.
[27]Becker K.Unlearning as a driver of sustainable change and innovation:Three Australian case stu-dies[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2008,42(1/2):89-106.
[28]De Holan P M,Phillips N.Remembrance of things past?The dynamics of organizational forgetting[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1603-1613.
[29]杨春江,李陶然,逯野.基于工作嵌入视角的组织伦理气候与员工离职行为关系研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(3):351-359.
[30]Lichtenthaler U.Open innovation:Past research,current debates,and future directions[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,2011,25(1):75-93.
[31]卫武,夏清华,资海喜,等.企业的可见性和脆弱性有助于提升对利益相关者压力的认知及其反应吗?:动态能力的调节作用[J].管理世界,2013(11):101-117.
[32]Orlikowski W J,Gash D C.Technological frames:Making sense of information technology in organizations[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,1994,12(2):174-207.
[33]Kaplan S,Tripsas M.Thinking about technology:Applying a cognitive lens to technical change[J].Research Policy,2008,37(5):790-805.
[34]Amit R,Schoemaker P J H.Strategic assets and organizational rent[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993,14(1):33-46.
[35]George G.Slack resource and the performance of privately held firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(4):661-676.
[36]王艳,贺新闻,梁莱歆.不同产权性质下企业组织冗余与自主创新投入关系研究:来自中国上市公司的经验数据[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(7):140-147.
[37]谢言,高山行.原始性技术创新的产生及结果:企业家导向、原始性技术创新与企业竞争力关系的研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(5):116-125.
[38]王亚妮,程新生.环境不确定性、沉淀性冗余资源与企业创新:基于中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].科学学研究,2014,32(8):1242-1250.
[39]李妹,高山行.环境不确定性、组织冗余与原始性创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(1):47-56.
[40]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[41]Pérez-Lu?o A,Medina C C,Lavado A C,et al.How social capital and knowledge affect innovation[J].Journal of Business Research,2011,64(12):1369-1376.
[42]包凤耐,彭正银.网络能力视角下企业关系资本对知识转移的影响研究[J].南开管理评论,2015,18(3):95-101.
[43]李浩.社会资本视角下的网络知识管理框架及进展研究[J].管理世界,2012(3):158-169.
[44]朱秀梅,费宇鹏.关系特征、资源获取与初创企业绩效关系实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(3):125-135.
[45]戴亦欣,胡赛全.开放式创新对创新政策的影响:基于创新范式的视角[J].科学学研究,2014,32(11):1723-1731.
[46]Levin D Z,Cross R.The strength of weak ties you can trust:The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer[J].Management Science,2004,50(11):1477-1490.
[47]Tan J,Peng M W.Organizational slack and firm performance during economic transitions:Two studies from an emerging economy[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1249-1263.
[48]李剑力.探索性创新、开发性创新与企业绩效关系研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2010.
[49]Inkpen A C,Tsang E W K.Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J].Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[50]Maurer I,Ebers M.Dynamics of social capital and their performance implications:Lessons from biotechnology start-ups[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2006,51(2):262-278.
[51]沈坤荣,孙文杰.市场竞争、技术溢出与内资企业R&D效率:基于行业层面的实证研究[J].管理世界,2009(1):38-48+187-188.
[52]James L R,Demaree R G,Wolf G.Estimating within group interrater reliability with and without response bias[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1984,69(1):85-98.
[53]Moorman C,Miner A S.Organizational improvisation and organizational memory[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(4):698-723.
[54]刘群慧,李丽.关系嵌入性、机会主义行为与合作创新意愿:q对广东省中小企业样本的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(7):83-94.