液态Wood合金在氢氧化钠电解质溶液中的电毛细变形现象
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摘要
本文研究了液态Wood合金在氢氧化钠电解质溶液中,通过施加外电场,进而诱发液态金属电毛细变形的现象.当石墨电极伸入金属液滴内部时,通电后在金属表面发生的电极反应,促使金属表面形成氧化膜或去除氧化膜.由于氧化膜与液态金属的表面张力存在巨大差异,通电后电极极性的变化可实现金属液滴形状的快速可逆变形.在液态金属与电解质溶液之间形成的双电子层中,当两侧聚集同极性电荷时将降低界面张力.为维持通电后体系自由能最小,将迫使液体金属增大与溶液之间的界面面积,在宏观上表现为液体金属的变形,由于液态金属与氢氧化钠反应后自身携带负电荷,在电场力的作用下可有效地驱动液态金属在电解质溶液中的运动.
The phenomena of the electric current induced flow and electrocapillary deformation for a liquid Wood alloy in a Na OH electrolyte were studied. Electrocapillary behaviors for the liquid Wood alloy in Na OH electrolytes by applying external low voltages were investigated. The electrode reaction(redox reaction) induced the formation or removal of an oxide film, and further caused the drop deformation by decreasing or increasing an interfacial tension. The same polar charge in the electric double layer would also decrease the interfacial tension. In order to maintain the stability of system, the contact area of the interface would be expanded, which induces the drop deformation macroscopically. When the liquid metal was charged by the chemical reaction in the solution, the electric field force became an effective way to drive its movement in the electrolyte.
The phenomena of the electric current induced flow and electrocapillary deformation for a liquid Wood alloy in a Na OH electrolyte were studied. Electrocapillary behaviors for the liquid Wood alloy in Na OH electrolytes by applying external low voltages were investigated. The electrode reaction(redox reaction) induced the formation or removal of an oxide film, and further caused the drop deformation by decreasing or increasing an interfacial tension. The same polar charge in the electric double layer would also decrease the interfacial tension. In order to maintain the stability of system, the contact area of the interface would be expanded, which induces the drop deformation macroscopically. When the liquid metal was charged by the chemical reaction in the solution, the electric field force became an effective way to drive its movement in the electrolyte.
引文
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[3]Mumcu G,Dey A,Palomo T.Frequency-agile.bandpass filters using liquid metal tunable broadside coupled spli ring resonators[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2013,23(4):187-189.
[4]Jackel J L,Hackwood S,Veselka J J,et al.Electrowetting switch for multimode optical fibers[J].Applied Optics,1983,22(11):1765-1770.
[5]Krupenkin T,Taylor J A.Reverse electrowetting as a new approach to high-power energy harvesting[J].Nature Communications,2011,2:448.
[6]Chen L,Bonaccurso E.Electrowetting-From statics to dynamics[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2014,210:2-12.
[7]Lee,J,Kim C J.Surface-tension-driven microactuation based on continuous electrowetting[J].Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2000,9(2):171-180.
[8]Lippmann G.Relation entre les ph'enom'enes'electriques et capillaires[J].Annales de Chimie et de Physique,1875,5:494-549.
[9]Zhong Y,Guo Q,Li S,et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of graphite foam/Wood’s alloy composite for thermal energy storage[J].Carbon,2010,48(5):1689-1692.
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[13]Gough R C,Morishita A M,Dang J H,et al.Rapid electrocapillary deformation of liquid metal with reversible shape retention[J].Micro&Nano Systems Letters,2015,3(1):1-9.
[14]Tang S Y,Sivan V,Khoshmanesh K,et al.Electrochemically induced actuation of liquid metal marbles[J].Nanoscale,2013,5(13):5949-5957.
[15]Sheng L,Zhang J,Liu J.Diverse transformations of liquid metals between different morphologies[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(34):6036-6042.
[16]Gough R C,Morishita A M,Dang J H,et al.Continuous electrowetting of non-toxic liquid metal for RF applications[J].IEEE Access,2014,2:874-882.
[17]Tang S Y,Khoshmanesh K,Sivan V,et al.Liquid metal enabled pump[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(9):3304-3309.
[18]Yuan B,Tan S,Zhou Y,et al.Self-powered macroscopic brownian motion of spontaneously running liquid metal motors[J].Science Bulletin,2015,60(13):1203-1210.