基于功率谱的飞行操作技能评价方法
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摘要
为定量评价飞行员的操作技能,基于飞行快速存取记录器(Quick Access Recorder,QAR)数据,应用功率谱原理建立了一个飞行技能评价模型。模型可依据功率谱图定性分析飞行操作,依据平均功率频率及中值功率频率指标定量评价飞行员操作技能水平,最后应用从航空公司采集的QAR数据验证了模型的实用性和可靠性。结果表明,该模型使用方便,计算结果直观、准确,能够应用于飞行运行部门评价飞行员的操作品质。模型的进一步软件化可为航空公司评价飞行操作绩效、改进飞行训练提供参考依据和支持。
For the aim of quantitatively evaluation of the flight operation skills,a flight skill evaluation model is developed based on the Quick Access Recorder(QAR) data and the power spectrum method.The model can qualitatively analyze the flight operation according to the power spectrum diagram; the average power frequency and the median power frequency could be set as quantitative evaluation index of flight operation skills. Finally the QAR data collected from airlines was used to validate the model. The results show that the model is easy to use and the calculation process is accurate,and can be applied to evaluate the operational quality of pilots in airlines. Based on this model,applicable software could be developed to provide technical support for airline's flight performance and training improvements.
For the aim of quantitatively evaluation of the flight operation skills,a flight skill evaluation model is developed based on the Quick Access Recorder(QAR) data and the power spectrum method.The model can qualitatively analyze the flight operation according to the power spectrum diagram; the average power frequency and the median power frequency could be set as quantitative evaluation index of flight operation skills. Finally the QAR data collected from airlines was used to validate the model. The results show that the model is easy to use and the calculation process is accurate,and can be applied to evaluate the operational quality of pilots in airlines. Based on this model,applicable software could be developed to provide technical support for airline's flight performance and training improvements.
引文
[1]班永宽.航空事故与人为因素[M].北京:中国民航出版社,2002:30-38.
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[3]Wang L,Wu C,Sun R.An analysis of flight Quick Access Recorder(QAR)data and its applications in preventing landing incidents[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2014,127:86-96.
[4]Wang L,Ren Y,Wu C.Effects of flare operation on landing safety:a study based on ANOVA of real flight data[J].Safety Science,2018,102:14-25.
[5]祁明亮,邵雪焱,池宏.QAR超限事件飞行操作风险诊断方法[J].北京航空航天大学报,2011,37(10):1207-1210.
[6]王天明.基于QAR数据的飞行安全模型研究[D].天津:中国民航大学,2008.
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[9]Mc Dowell E D.The development and evaluation of objective frequency domain based pilot performance measures in ASUPT[R].Corvallis,Oregon:Oregon State University(Corvallis)Engineering Experiment Station,1978.
[10]董庚寿.驾驶员评定等级与飞行品质标准[J].飞行力学,1983,1(2):178-193.
[11]姬鸣,游旭群,杨仕云,等.航线飞行技术性技能与航线飞行阶段任务的关系研究[J].心理与行为研究,2010,8(2):99-105.
[12]Ebbatson M,Harris D,Huddlestone J,et al.The relationship between manual handling performance and recent flying experience in air transport pilots[J].Ergonomics,2010,53(2):268-277.
[13]高金源.飞机飞行品质[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003,1-30.
[14]姚渊,屈香菊.一种多任务驾驶员模型的层次结构[J].飞行力学,2004,22(2):15-19.
[15]王春枝,斯琴.德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J].内蒙古财经学院学报,2011,9(4):92-96.
[16]Hawkins F H.Human factors in flight[J].Applied Ergonomics,1993,19(4):1-3.
[17]Shappell S,Detwiler C,Holcomb K,et al.Human error and commercial aviation accidents:an analysis using the human factors analysis and classification system[J].Human Factors,2007,49(2):227-242.
[18]Boeing Commercial Airplanes.Statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents worldwide operations 1959-2016[R].Seattle,Washington:Boeing Commercial Airplanes,2017.
[19]Hawkins F H.Human factors in flight[M].Brookfield:VT:Ashgate,1993:1-3.
[20]Wickens C D,Goh J,Helleberg J,et al.Attentional models of multitask pilot performance using advanced display technology[J].The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2003,45(3):360-380.
[2]孙瑞山,肖亚兵.基于QAR记录数据的民航飞行员操作特征指标结构研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(11):49-54.
[3]Wang L,Wu C,Sun R.An analysis of flight Quick Access Recorder(QAR)data and its applications in preventing landing incidents[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2014,127:86-96.
[4]Wang L,Ren Y,Wu C.Effects of flare operation on landing safety:a study based on ANOVA of real flight data[J].Safety Science,2018,102:14-25.
[5]祁明亮,邵雪焱,池宏.QAR超限事件飞行操作风险诊断方法[J].北京航空航天大学报,2011,37(10):1207-1210.
[6]王天明.基于QAR数据的飞行安全模型研究[D].天津:中国民航大学,2008.
[7]Cooper G E,Harpe R P.The use of pilot rating in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities[R].NASA-TN-D-5153,1969.
[8]Payne K H,Harris D.A psychometric approach to the development of a multidimensional scale to assess aircraft handling qualities[J].The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2000,10(4):343-362.
[9]Mc Dowell E D.The development and evaluation of objective frequency domain based pilot performance measures in ASUPT[R].Corvallis,Oregon:Oregon State University(Corvallis)Engineering Experiment Station,1978.
[10]董庚寿.驾驶员评定等级与飞行品质标准[J].飞行力学,1983,1(2):178-193.
[11]姬鸣,游旭群,杨仕云,等.航线飞行技术性技能与航线飞行阶段任务的关系研究[J].心理与行为研究,2010,8(2):99-105.
[12]Ebbatson M,Harris D,Huddlestone J,et al.The relationship between manual handling performance and recent flying experience in air transport pilots[J].Ergonomics,2010,53(2):268-277.
[13]高金源.飞机飞行品质[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003,1-30.
[14]姚渊,屈香菊.一种多任务驾驶员模型的层次结构[J].飞行力学,2004,22(2):15-19.
[15]王春枝,斯琴.德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J].内蒙古财经学院学报,2011,9(4):92-96.
[16]Hawkins F H.Human factors in flight[J].Applied Ergonomics,1993,19(4):1-3.
[17]Shappell S,Detwiler C,Holcomb K,et al.Human error and commercial aviation accidents:an analysis using the human factors analysis and classification system[J].Human Factors,2007,49(2):227-242.
[18]Boeing Commercial Airplanes.Statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents worldwide operations 1959-2016[R].Seattle,Washington:Boeing Commercial Airplanes,2017.
[19]Hawkins F H.Human factors in flight[M].Brookfield:VT:Ashgate,1993:1-3.
[20]Wickens C D,Goh J,Helleberg J,et al.Attentional models of multitask pilot performance using advanced display technology[J].The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,2003,45(3):360-380.