基于有限量测数据的主动配电网电压暂降源精确定位策略
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摘要
准确定位电压暂降源,对提高供电可靠性、明确供需双方责任具有重要意义。目前,基于有限电能质量(PQ)监测点量测数据和配电自动化提供的网络实时信息,通过短路电流计算,进行配电网电压暂降源精确定位成为研究热点之一。但现有方法存在不区分暂降源类型,需遍历所有母线、计算量大、过渡电阻估计不准确影响定位精度、难以适用于多源主动配电网等不足。该文提出一种适用于主动配电网的电压暂降源精确定位策略。针对基于序功率增量方向原理确定的暂降源候选区域,进行电压暂降成因辨识。对于由短路故障引起的电压暂降,基于考虑分布式电源接入和过渡电阻影响的主动配电网短路电流计算方法,以故障位置、过渡电阻为优化变量,以最小化有限观测点处故障电流、电压的计算值与观测值误差为目标,建立寻找最邻近母线和寻找准确故障位置的分步优化模型并采用智能优化算法求解,实现精确定位。基于改进IEEE 34节点配电网算例验证了本文方法的有效性,并通过与现有方法的结果比较说明了所提方法的优越性。
Precise locating of voltage sag source has important significance in promoting power supply dependability and clarifying responsibilities. As a hot research spot, a series of researches were carried out with the help of power quality(PQ) monitoring system and distribution automation system in recent years. However, existing locating methods fail to distinguish the type of sag source and need to search all the buses. Moreover, they are merely applied to traditional radial distribution grid with single power supply, and the locating accuracy is non-ideal as inaccurate estimation of transition resistance. In this paper, a precise locating strategy applied to active distribution grid with multiple distributed generators, is put forward. Firstly, the potential distribution area of voltage sag source is narrowed by the directions of sequence power increments. Then, type of sag source is identified to guide locating. For voltage sag caused by short-circuit fault, a step-by-step optimization model, which aims at minimizing the differences between the measured data and the calculated data at limited observations, is established. As the basis, impacts of distributed generators and transition resistance are considered in short-circuit calculation. Finally, based on the modified IEEE 34-node benchmark, the validity and superiorities of the proposed strategy are verified.
Precise locating of voltage sag source has important significance in promoting power supply dependability and clarifying responsibilities. As a hot research spot, a series of researches were carried out with the help of power quality(PQ) monitoring system and distribution automation system in recent years. However, existing locating methods fail to distinguish the type of sag source and need to search all the buses. Moreover, they are merely applied to traditional radial distribution grid with single power supply, and the locating accuracy is non-ideal as inaccurate estimation of transition resistance. In this paper, a precise locating strategy applied to active distribution grid with multiple distributed generators, is put forward. Firstly, the potential distribution area of voltage sag source is narrowed by the directions of sequence power increments. Then, type of sag source is identified to guide locating. For voltage sag caused by short-circuit fault, a step-by-step optimization model, which aims at minimizing the differences between the measured data and the calculated data at limited observations, is established. As the basis, impacts of distributed generators and transition resistance are considered in short-circuit calculation. Finally, based on the modified IEEE 34-node benchmark, the validity and superiorities of the proposed strategy are verified.
引文
[1]陶顺,唐松浩,陈聪,等.变频调速器电压暂降耐受特性试验及量化方法研究I:机理分析与试验方法[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(6):1273-1281.Tao Shun,Tang Songhao,Chen Cong,et al.Experimental research on adjustable speed drivers tolerance to voltage sags and quantitative method part I:mechanism analysis and test method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(6):1273-1281.
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[8]Tayjasanant Thavatchai,Li Chun,Xu Wilsun.Resistance sign-based method for voltage sag source detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(4):25-44.
[9]Hamzah N,Mohamed A,Hussain A.A new approach to locate the voltage sag source using real current component[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2004,72(2):113-123.
[10]Hart D G,Peterson W,Uy D.Tapping protective relays for power quality information[J].IEEEComputer Applications in Power,2000,13(1):45-49.
[11]Li C,Tayjsanant T,Xu W.Method for voltage sag source detection by investigating slope of the system trajectory[J].IEE Proceeding:Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(3):367-372.
[12]Saeed Lotfifard,Mladen Kezunovic,Mirrasoul JMousavi.Voltage sag data utilizationfor distribution fault location[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):1239-1246.
[13]李康瑞,杨洪耕.基于S变换标准模板相似度的电压暂降分类[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(12):139-146.Li Kangrui,Yang Honggeng.S-transform based classification for voltage dips according to standard template similarity[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(12):139-146.
[14]丁宁.电压暂降源识别和暂降检测算法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.
[15]Kezunovic M,Spasojevic P,Formen C W,et al.An expert system for transmission substation event analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1942-1949.
[16]翁国庆,黄飞腾,南余荣,等.计及分布式电源的电能质量监测点优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):229-238.Weng Guoqing,Huang Feiteng,Nan Yurong,et al.Optimize allocation of power quality monitoring sites with distributed generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):229-238.
[17]张嫣,林涌艺,邵振国.电压暂降可观约束下的定位监测点多目标优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(11):2375-2383.Zhang Yan,Lin Yongyi,Shao Zhenguo.Multiobjective optimal allocation of monitors for voltage sag location under observability constraint[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(11):2375-2383.
[18]Sun Chaoli,Zeng Jianchao,Pan JengShyang.An improved particle swarm optimization with feasibility based rules for constrained optimization problems[C]//Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing,Information and Control,2009:897-903.
[19]孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.含逆变型分布式电源的电流故障特性与故障分析方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):65-74.Kong Xiangping,Zhang Zhe,Yin Xianggen,et al.Study on fault current characteristics and fault analysis method of power grid with inverter interfaced distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):65-74.
[20]谭会征,李永丽,陈晓龙,等.带低电压穿越特性的逆变型分布式电源对配电网短路电流的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):31-37.Tan Huizheng,Li Yongli,Chen Xiaolong,et al.Influence of inverter-interfaced distributed generator with low-voltage ride-through capability on short circuit current of distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):31-37.
[21]尹项根,张哲,肖繁,等.分布式电源短路计算模型及电网故障计算方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):1-9.Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,Xiao Fan,et al.Study on short-circuit calculation model of distributed generators and fault analysis method of power system with distributed generators[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):1-9.
[22]Lin Tao,Domijan A.Recursive algorithm for realtime measurement of electrical variables in power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):15-22.
[23]刘林,李海峰,罗凯明,等.用于次同步振荡模态提取的柔性原子滤波[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):98-105.Liu Lin,Li Haifeng,Luo Kaiming,et al.Flexible atom filtering for subsynchronous oscillations mode extraction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):98-105.
[2]韦鹏飞,徐永海,王金浩,等.基于拉丁超立方采样的节点敏感设备暂降免疫水平评估[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(15):3415-3425.Wei Pengfei,Xu Yonghai,Wang Jinhao,et al.Sag immunity level evaluation of sensitive equipment at node based on Latin hypercube sampling[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(15):3415-3425.
[3]吴亚盆,刘颖英,徐永海.可编程序控制器对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1422-1430.Wu Yapen,Liu Yingying,Xu Yonghai.Experimental research on PLCs sensitivity during voltage sags[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(6):1422-1430.
[4]吕干云,孙维蒙,汪晓东,等.电力系统电压暂降源定位方法综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(23):241-245.LüGanyun,Sun Weimeng,Wang Xiaodong,et al.Review on methods for voltage sag source location in power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(23):241-245.
[5]雷刚,顾伟,袁晓冬.考虑系统与敏感负荷兼容性的电压暂降指标[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(12):132-138.Lei Gang,Gu Wei,Yuan Xiaodong.A voltage sag index considering compatibility between system and sensitive equipment[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(12):132-138.
[6]Parsons A C,Grady W M,Power E J.A direction finder for power quality disturbances based upon disturbance power and energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(3):1081-1086.
[7]Kong Wei,Dong Xinzhou,Chen Zhe.Voltage sag source location based on instantaneous energy detection[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2008,78(3):1889-1898.
[8]Tayjasanant Thavatchai,Li Chun,Xu Wilsun.Resistance sign-based method for voltage sag source detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(4):25-44.
[9]Hamzah N,Mohamed A,Hussain A.A new approach to locate the voltage sag source using real current component[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2004,72(2):113-123.
[10]Hart D G,Peterson W,Uy D.Tapping protective relays for power quality information[J].IEEEComputer Applications in Power,2000,13(1):45-49.
[11]Li C,Tayjsanant T,Xu W.Method for voltage sag source detection by investigating slope of the system trajectory[J].IEE Proceeding:Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(3):367-372.
[12]Saeed Lotfifard,Mladen Kezunovic,Mirrasoul JMousavi.Voltage sag data utilizationfor distribution fault location[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):1239-1246.
[13]李康瑞,杨洪耕.基于S变换标准模板相似度的电压暂降分类[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(12):139-146.Li Kangrui,Yang Honggeng.S-transform based classification for voltage dips according to standard template similarity[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(12):139-146.
[14]丁宁.电压暂降源识别和暂降检测算法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.
[15]Kezunovic M,Spasojevic P,Formen C W,et al.An expert system for transmission substation event analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1942-1949.
[16]翁国庆,黄飞腾,南余荣,等.计及分布式电源的电能质量监测点优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):229-238.Weng Guoqing,Huang Feiteng,Nan Yurong,et al.Optimize allocation of power quality monitoring sites with distributed generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):229-238.
[17]张嫣,林涌艺,邵振国.电压暂降可观约束下的定位监测点多目标优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(11):2375-2383.Zhang Yan,Lin Yongyi,Shao Zhenguo.Multiobjective optimal allocation of monitors for voltage sag location under observability constraint[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(11):2375-2383.
[18]Sun Chaoli,Zeng Jianchao,Pan JengShyang.An improved particle swarm optimization with feasibility based rules for constrained optimization problems[C]//Fourth International Conference on Innovative Computing,Information and Control,2009:897-903.
[19]孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.含逆变型分布式电源的电流故障特性与故障分析方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):65-74.Kong Xiangping,Zhang Zhe,Yin Xianggen,et al.Study on fault current characteristics and fault analysis method of power grid with inverter interfaced distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):65-74.
[20]谭会征,李永丽,陈晓龙,等.带低电压穿越特性的逆变型分布式电源对配电网短路电流的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(8):31-37.Tan Huizheng,Li Yongli,Chen Xiaolong,et al.Influence of inverter-interfaced distributed generator with low-voltage ride-through capability on short circuit current of distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(8):31-37.
[21]尹项根,张哲,肖繁,等.分布式电源短路计算模型及电网故障计算方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):1-9.Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,Xiao Fan,et al.Study on short-circuit calculation model of distributed generators and fault analysis method of power system with distributed generators[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):1-9.
[22]Lin Tao,Domijan A.Recursive algorithm for realtime measurement of electrical variables in power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):15-22.
[23]刘林,李海峰,罗凯明,等.用于次同步振荡模态提取的柔性原子滤波[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):98-105.Liu Lin,Li Haifeng,Luo Kaiming,et al.Flexible atom filtering for subsynchronous oscillations mode extraction[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):98-105.