怒江州核桃种质资源坚果表型特征及多样性
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摘要
以怒江州4个群体122份核桃种质资源的坚果为材料,对其表型12个质量性状和10个数量性状进行测定和分析,揭示其表型特征及多样性状况,为该区域核桃资源的合理保护和利用及核心种质的构建提供基本资料。结果表明:怒江州核桃资源坚果表型具有丰富的变异及较高的多样性。22个坚果表型性状在4个群体间的变异系数为6.31%~67.62%,差异显著(P<0.05),平均为23.54%;变异程度最大的是种形,为67.62%,变异程度最小的是刻纹深度6.31%,且以刻纹深为主(占59.84%);单果质量的范围为5.46~31.80 g,变异系数29.91%,单果质量表现出较大的差异性。群体遗传性状的Simpson指数为0.079~0.835,Shannon-Wiener指数为0.171~1.992。22个坚果表型性状群体内的变异系数为19.18%~31.62%,数据平均值为23.54%,群体间差异不显著,表明各性状变异主要来源于群体内。UPGMA聚类显示,GS(贡山群体)与FG(福贡群体)聚为一类,LS(泸水群体)和LP(兰坪群体)分别单独聚为一类,聚类结果与地理位置或立地条件呈显著正相关的趋势。
With 122 nut samples from 4 Juglans sigillata populations in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan,by detecting 12 quality traits and 10 quantitative traits,the characteristic of phenotypic traits and diversity of the resource were revealed,which will provide basic information for resource reasonable conservation and utilization,and core collection construction. The nut phenotypic traits possess rich variation and high diversity. The coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits in Nujiang,four walnut populations were between 6.31% and 67.62%,with an average of 23.54%. The largest variation was nut shape,of which was 67.62%. While the smallest was groove on the shell,with only 6.31%,and deep groove was as majority( accounting for 59.84%). The range of nut weight was in 5.46-31.80 g. The variation coefficient was 29.91%,which showed a great variation. Simpson index of populations was 0.079-0.835,and Shannon-Wiener index was 0.171-1.992. The variation coefficient of 22 phenotypic traits among four populations was 19. 18%-31. 62%,with the average of 23. 54%. The difference was not significant,indicating traits variation derived mainly from within populations. By UPGMA cluster analysis GS and FG populations clustered as one group,and LS and LP as the other two groups,respectively. Euclidean distance of nut traits was positively related to the geographic distance or climatic conditions.
With 122 nut samples from 4 Juglans sigillata populations in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan,by detecting 12 quality traits and 10 quantitative traits,the characteristic of phenotypic traits and diversity of the resource were revealed,which will provide basic information for resource reasonable conservation and utilization,and core collection construction. The nut phenotypic traits possess rich variation and high diversity. The coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits in Nujiang,four walnut populations were between 6.31% and 67.62%,with an average of 23.54%. The largest variation was nut shape,of which was 67.62%. While the smallest was groove on the shell,with only 6.31%,and deep groove was as majority( accounting for 59.84%). The range of nut weight was in 5.46-31.80 g. The variation coefficient was 29.91%,which showed a great variation. Simpson index of populations was 0.079-0.835,and Shannon-Wiener index was 0.171-1.992. The variation coefficient of 22 phenotypic traits among four populations was 19. 18%-31. 62%,with the average of 23. 54%. The difference was not significant,indicating traits variation derived mainly from within populations. By UPGMA cluster analysis GS and FG populations clustered as one group,and LS and LP as the other two groups,respectively. Euclidean distance of nut traits was positively related to the geographic distance or climatic conditions.
引文
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[2]孙云尉,杜澍,姚昆德.中国果树史与果树资源[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983.
[3]闫振.云南核桃特色产业发展的工业化思考[J].林业建设,2010(5):3-9.
[4]莫傲,王生.怒江州生态安全屏障构建思路[J].林业调查规划,2017,42(1):54-58.
[5]方文亮,宁德鲁,杨荣飞,等.云南核桃栽培管理技术[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社,2016.
[6]中华人民共和国林业部.核桃丰产及坚果品质:GB7907-87[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988.
[7]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南:核桃属:GB26909~2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.食品中蛋白质的测定;GB5009.5-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.食品中粗脂肪的测定:GB/T14772-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]陈俊华,文吉富,王国良,等.Excel在计算群落生物多样性指数中的应用[J].四川林业科技,2009,30(3):88-91.
[11]刘雨芳.EXCEL在群落生物多样性参数计算中的应用[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,25(2):80-82.
[12]徐斌,彭莉霞,杨会笑,等.杜鹃红山茶叶片主要性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物研究,2015,35(5):730-734.
[13]刘昊,马庆国,张继勇,等.凉山州核桃坚果表型多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(5):771-778.
[14]冯连芬,吕芳德,张亚萍,等.我国核桃育种及其栽培技术研究进展[J].经济林研究,2006,24(2):69-73.
[15]蒲光兰,肖千文,蔡利娟,等.四川核桃种质资源坚果的数量性状变异及概率分级[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(6):647-650.
[16]王金星,潘刚,王滑,等.西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):236-240.
[17]ARZANI K,MANSOURI-ARDAKAN H,VEZVAEI A,et al.Morphological variation among Persian walnut(Juglans regia)genotypes from central Iran[J].New Zealand of Crop and Horticultural Science,2008,36(3):159-168.
[18]COSMULESCU S,BOTU M.Walnut biodiversity in south-western Romania-resource for perspective cultivars[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2012,44(1):307-311.
[19]许永杰,韩华柏,王滑,等.大巴山区核桃实生居群的坚果表型和遗传多样性[J].林业科学,2016,52(5):111-119.
[20]王滑.西藏核桃种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.