北京市丰台区王佐镇老年居民高血压患病状况及相关危险因素分析
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摘要
目的高血压是我国老年人常见的慢性疾病,也是导致心脑血管疾病的最主要危险因素。本研究探讨丰台区王佐镇老年居民高血压患病状况及其相关危险因素,为制定干预措施和改善居民健康水平提供科学依据。方法 2015-05-01-2015-06-30采取分层抽样方法抽取1 000名>60岁王佐镇常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,采用χ~2检验、Logistic回归分析对高血压相关危险因素进行分析。结果本次调查有效人数为991名,高血压患者360例。其中男性患病率为36.7%,女性患病率为36.6%,差异无统计学意义,χ~2=0.03,P=0.860。患病率随年龄呈上升趋势,各年龄间差异有统计学意义,χ~2=21.47,P<0.01。360例高血压患者接受治疗后,男性正常血压、舒张期高血压、Ⅰ级高血压、Ⅱ级高血压和Ⅲ级高血压发生率分别为20.74%、42.97%、27.41%、7.41%和1.48%,女性分别为51.56%、28.44%、16.00%、3.11%和0.89%,差异有统计学意义,χ~2=37.74,P=0.017。单因素分析显示,吸烟(χ~2=8.16,P=0.004)、饮酒(χ~2=3.99,P=0.040)和膳食用盐过量(χ~2=10.87,P=0.002)为高血压的危险因素。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=0.546,95%CI为0.395~0.756,P<0.001)、年龄(OR=0.715,95%CI为0.515~0.994,P=0.046)、饮酒(OR=2.813,95%CI为2.026~3.905,P<0.001)和体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)>28kg/m2(OR=1.869,95%CI为1.280~2.730,P=0.020)均为高血压的危险因素。结论性别、年龄、饮酒和肥胖为高血压的危险因素,积极改善生活方式应成为高血压病管控的重点。
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is a common chronic disease among the elderly in China,and it is also the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The study aims to explore the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in elderly residents in Wangzuo town of Fengtai district,in order to provide scientific basis for developing interventions and improve the residents' health.METHODS With the application of stratified sampling method,1 000 permanent residents who were above 60 years old in Wangzuo town were included in our study to conduct questionnaire survey and physical measurement.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze the risk factors related to hypertension.RESULTS There were 991 valid persons and 360 hypertensive patients in this survey,including 36.7% of males and 36.6% of females.There was no significant difference,χ~2=0.03,P=0.860.The prevalence increased with age,and the difference was statistically significant among all ages,χ~2=21.47,P<0.01.After the treatment of 360 patients with hypertension,the incidence of normal blood pressure,diastolic hypertension,gradeⅠ hypertension,gradeⅡ hypertension and gradeⅢ hypertension in males were 20.74%,42.97%,27.41%,7.41% and1.48%,respectively,females were 51.56%,28.44%,16.00%,3.11% and 0.89%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ~2=37.74,P=0.017).Univariate analysis showed that smoking(χ~2=8.16,P=0.004),alcohol consumption(χ~2=3.99,P=0.040)and dietary salt overdose(χ~2=10.87,P=0.002)were risk factors for hypertension.According to the results of logistic regression analysis,gender(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.395-0.756,P<0.001),age(OR=0.715,95%CI:0.515-0.994,P=0.046),alcohol(OR=2.813,95%CI:2.026-3.905,P<0.001),obesity(OR=1.869,95%CI:1.280-2.730,P=0.020)were all the risk factors of hypertension.CONCLUSIONS Gender,age,drinking and obesity are risk factors for hypertension.Active improvement of lifestyle should be the focus of hypertension control.
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is a common chronic disease among the elderly in China,and it is also the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The study aims to explore the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in elderly residents in Wangzuo town of Fengtai district,in order to provide scientific basis for developing interventions and improve the residents' health.METHODS With the application of stratified sampling method,1 000 permanent residents who were above 60 years old in Wangzuo town were included in our study to conduct questionnaire survey and physical measurement.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze the risk factors related to hypertension.RESULTS There were 991 valid persons and 360 hypertensive patients in this survey,including 36.7% of males and 36.6% of females.There was no significant difference,χ~2=0.03,P=0.860.The prevalence increased with age,and the difference was statistically significant among all ages,χ~2=21.47,P<0.01.After the treatment of 360 patients with hypertension,the incidence of normal blood pressure,diastolic hypertension,gradeⅠ hypertension,gradeⅡ hypertension and gradeⅢ hypertension in males were 20.74%,42.97%,27.41%,7.41% and1.48%,respectively,females were 51.56%,28.44%,16.00%,3.11% and 0.89%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ~2=37.74,P=0.017).Univariate analysis showed that smoking(χ~2=8.16,P=0.004),alcohol consumption(χ~2=3.99,P=0.040)and dietary salt overdose(χ~2=10.87,P=0.002)were risk factors for hypertension.According to the results of logistic regression analysis,gender(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.395-0.756,P<0.001),age(OR=0.715,95%CI:0.515-0.994,P=0.046),alcohol(OR=2.813,95%CI:2.026-3.905,P<0.001),obesity(OR=1.869,95%CI:1.280-2.730,P=0.020)were all the risk factors of hypertension.CONCLUSIONS Gender,age,drinking and obesity are risk factors for hypertension.Active improvement of lifestyle should be the focus of hypertension control.
引文
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[11]向全永,潘晓群,吕淑荣,等.吸烟与高血压相关关系研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(11):1129-1131.
[12]Leone A.Smoking and hypertension:Independent or additive effects to determin-ing vascular damage[J].Curr Vasc Pharmacol,2011,9(5):585-593.
[13]Zhang WS,Jiang CQ,Cheng KK,et al.Alcohol sensitivity,alcohol use and hypertension in an older Chinese population:The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study[J].Hypertens Res,2009,32(9):741-747.
[14]Yu PH,Fang CY,Dyck LE.Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde:Subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese[J].Alcohol Clin Exp Res,1990,14:932-936.
[2]Koliaki C,Katsilambros N.Dietary sodium,potassium,and alcohol:Key players in the pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment of human hypertension[J].Nutr Rev,2013,71(6):402-411.
[3]Lai CL,Liu MT,Yin SJ,et al.Heavy binge drinking may increase riskof stroke in nonalcoholic hypertensives carrying variant ALDH2*2gene allele[J].Acta Neurol Taiwan,2012,21(1):39-43.
[4]马玉霞,张兵,王惠君,等.饮酒行为对我国9省成年居民高血压患病的影响研究[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2011,19(1):9-12.
[5]陈晓鹭,戴龙,王清和,等.腰围身高比在慢性病风险预测中的应用评估[J].实用预防医学,2013,20(4):500-502.
[6]Babayev R,Whaley-Connell A,Kshirsagar A,et al.Association of race and body mass index with ESRD and mortality in CKD stages 3-4:Results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program(KEEP)[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2013,61(3):404-412.
[7]Movahed MR,Lee JZ,Lim WY,et al.Strong independent association between obesity and essential hypertension[J].Clin Obes,2016,6(3):189-192.
[8]邓群.我国高血压的空间分布研究[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2015,24(3):59-63.
[9]Fryar CD,Ostchega Y,Hales CM,et al.Hypertension prevalence and control among adults:United States,2015-2016[J].Nchs Data Brief,2017(289):1-8.
[10]Li W,Gu H,Teo KK,et al.Hypertension prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control in 115rural and urban communities involving 47 000people from China[J].J Hypertension,2016,34(1):39-46.
[11]向全永,潘晓群,吕淑荣,等.吸烟与高血压相关关系研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(11):1129-1131.
[12]Leone A.Smoking and hypertension:Independent or additive effects to determin-ing vascular damage[J].Curr Vasc Pharmacol,2011,9(5):585-593.
[13]Zhang WS,Jiang CQ,Cheng KK,et al.Alcohol sensitivity,alcohol use and hypertension in an older Chinese population:The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study[J].Hypertens Res,2009,32(9):741-747.
[14]Yu PH,Fang CY,Dyck LE.Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde:Subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese[J].Alcohol Clin Exp Res,1990,14:932-936.