2010—2012年中国6～17岁学龄儿童早餐食物种类调查
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摘要
目的分析中国6～17岁学龄儿童早餐的食物种类,为改善儿童膳食营养提供理论依据。方法数据来自2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法进行抽样,在全国31个省150个县/区共选取6～17岁儿童5822名作为研究对象。采用3天24小时膳食调查问卷调查儿童连续3天进食情况。比较不同年龄、性别、地区儿童早餐食物种类情况。结果中国分别有88.1%、47.8%、49.5%和33.1%的6～17岁学龄儿童调查期间早餐吃谷薯杂豆、蔬菜水果、禽畜肉蛋鱼和奶大豆坚果。早餐食物种类达到3类及以上的比例为41.7%,其中15～17岁儿童和贫困农村儿童早餐食物种类达到3类及以上的比例(37.7%和29.6%)均低于其他组儿童(P<0.05);不同性别的学龄儿童早餐食物种类的差异无统计学意义。结论学龄儿童早餐食物种类不能达到3类及以上的情况普遍存在,尤其是高年龄组和贫困农村儿童早餐状况更差,应重点关注。
OBJECTIVE To analyze breakfast food varieties among children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS Data came from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, 5822 children aged 6-17 from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China were selected as subjects. Information on breakfast food varieties was collected by using the 24 h recall method for 3 consecutive days, and compared by different ages, genders and regions. RESULTS The rate of school-aged children aged 6 to 17 years in China who ingested cereals, vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and eggs, milk, soy bean and nuts was 88.1%, 47.8%, 49.5% and 33.1% respectively. The rate of breakfast food reaching 3 kinds or above was 41.7%, and the rate of breakfast food varieties reached 3 kinds or above among children aged 15-17 years and poor rural children were lower than other groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in different gender. CONCLUSIONIt is common that the kinds of breakfast food for school-age children cannot reach 3 or above. More attention and improvement measures are needed for children of high age groups and poor rural areas.
OBJECTIVE To analyze breakfast food varieties among children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS Data came from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, 5822 children aged 6-17 from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China were selected as subjects. Information on breakfast food varieties was collected by using the 24 h recall method for 3 consecutive days, and compared by different ages, genders and regions. RESULTS The rate of school-aged children aged 6 to 17 years in China who ingested cereals, vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and eggs, milk, soy bean and nuts was 88.1%, 47.8%, 49.5% and 33.1% respectively. The rate of breakfast food reaching 3 kinds or above was 41.7%, and the rate of breakfast food varieties reached 3 kinds or above among children aged 15-17 years and poor rural children were lower than other groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in different gender. CONCLUSIONIt is common that the kinds of breakfast food for school-age children cannot reach 3 or above. More attention and improvement measures are needed for children of high age groups and poor rural areas.
引文
[1] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[2] 中国营养学会.中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[3] 赵丽云,马冠生,朴建华,等.2010—2012中国居民营养与健康状况监测总体方案[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(3):204-207.
[4] 高树军,马冠生,翟凤英,等.我国中小学生早餐种类研究[J].中国学校卫生,2001,22(6):196-199.
[5] 常继乐,王宇.中国居民营养与健康状况监测[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2016.
[6] 刘华,钟甫宁.食物消费与需求弹性——基于城镇居民微观数据的实证研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,9(3):36-43.
[7] 李荔,杨媞媞,徐培培,等.2010—2012年中国6～17岁学龄儿童早餐状况调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51 (6):523-526.
[8] 栾德春,王艳华,任时,等.辽宁省城乡小学生早餐行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(10):1444-1446.
[9] 尚现文,李艳平,刘爱玲,等.早餐食用频率和食物种类与儿童肥胖及相关慢性病患病率的关系[J].中国健康教育,2010,26(11):811-816.
[10] 赵伟明,李吴萍,陶秀娟,等.吴忠地区中小学生早餐质量及饮食行为调查[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2009,31(2):201-203.
[11] 金瑛.我国居民膳食多样化与营养状况及慢性疾病关系的研究[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2009.
[12] HODDINOTT J,YOHANNES Y.Dietary Diversity as a Food Security Indicator.Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper[R].Washington,DC:International Food Policy Research Institute,2002.
[2] 中国营养学会.中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[3] 赵丽云,马冠生,朴建华,等.2010—2012中国居民营养与健康状况监测总体方案[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(3):204-207.
[4] 高树军,马冠生,翟凤英,等.我国中小学生早餐种类研究[J].中国学校卫生,2001,22(6):196-199.
[5] 常继乐,王宇.中国居民营养与健康状况监测[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2016.
[6] 刘华,钟甫宁.食物消费与需求弹性——基于城镇居民微观数据的实证研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,9(3):36-43.
[7] 李荔,杨媞媞,徐培培,等.2010—2012年中国6～17岁学龄儿童早餐状况调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51 (6):523-526.
[8] 栾德春,王艳华,任时,等.辽宁省城乡小学生早餐行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(10):1444-1446.
[9] 尚现文,李艳平,刘爱玲,等.早餐食用频率和食物种类与儿童肥胖及相关慢性病患病率的关系[J].中国健康教育,2010,26(11):811-816.
[10] 赵伟明,李吴萍,陶秀娟,等.吴忠地区中小学生早餐质量及饮食行为调查[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2009,31(2):201-203.
[11] 金瑛.我国居民膳食多样化与营养状况及慢性疾病关系的研究[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2009.
[12] HODDINOTT J,YOHANNES Y.Dietary Diversity as a Food Security Indicator.Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper[R].Washington,DC:International Food Policy Research Institute,2002.