生脉注射液生产过程五味子药渣中资源性物质的分析与循环利用途径探讨
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摘要
目的对生脉注射液生产过程五味子药渣中多种类型可利用资源性化学成分进行分析与评价,以期为五味子药材深加工产业化过程的循环利用提供科学依据。方法对五味子药渣采用HPLC-UV法对木脂素类成分进行分析;采用碱液法提取蛋白质类成分,BCA法以牛血清白蛋白为对照测定总蛋白质质量分数;采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定中性多糖和酸性多糖的组成及质量分数;采用FIWE3/6纤维测定法测定粗纤维质量分数。结果研究表明,五味子药渣中五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙和五味子酯甲的质量分数依次为1.442 4、3.788 0、1.350 9、4.399 3、3.231 3、0.505 3 mg/g;与原药材相比,在生脉注射液生产过程中五味子醇甲的提取利用率为20.84%;而五味子醇乙几乎未被利用而残留于药渣中;五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素和五味子酯甲在药渣中的质量分数略高于原药材。五味子药渣中可利用生物大分子类物质分别为总蛋白质质量分数为14.69%;中性多糖质量分数为3.82%,酸性多糖质量分数为1.31%;粗纤维素类成分质量分数为43.80%。结论通过分析表明生脉注射液生产过程产生的五味子药渣中尚含有丰富的木脂素类、蛋白质类、多糖类及粗纤维素类等资源性化学物质,针对水提工艺产生的五味子药渣中可利用资源性化学物质探索性地提出了其循环利用对策与可能途径,为中药资源深加工产业化过程废弃物的资源化利用提供借鉴,为提倡和推进资源节约和环境保护发展,实现经济和生态和谐共生提供参考。
Objective Multi-type resource chemical constituents in Schizandrae Fructus residues were analyzed in the process of Shengmai Injection production, in order to provide the scientific basis for Schizandrae Fructus in the further process of industrialization. Methods The lignan components were analysed and evaluated by HPLC-UV method. After using Na OH to extract sample, the BCA method was adopted to measure the mass fraction of total protein and take bovine serum albumin as the reference. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the mass fraction and constitutes of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide, respectively. The equipment for raw fiber determination was taken to gauge the crude fiber content of Schizandrae Fructus residues. Results The mass fractions of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, gomisin A, gomisin B, and schisantherin A were 1.442 4, 3.788 0, 1.350 9, 4.399 3, 3.231 3, and 0.505 3 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the original medicinal materials, the technology utilization rate of gomisin A was 20.84% during the process of Shengmai Injection production. But the gomisin B virtually was unused and remained in the residues. The mass fractions of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, and schisantherin A were higher than that of the original medicinal material. The available macromolecular substances are proteins, polysaccharide, and crude fiber. The content of total proteins was 14.69%. The mass fractions of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide were 3.82% and 1.31%, respectively. The analysis on crude fiber showed that the mass fraction of crude fiber in Schizandrae Fructus residues was 43.80%. Conclusion The analysis shows that Schizandrae Fructus residues contain many resource chemical components in the process of Shengmai Injection production, such as lignins, protein, saccharides, and crude fiber. The strategy for recycling and possible way is proposed exploringly based on the available resource chemical components of Schizandrae Fructus residues and water-extracting technology. It provides the reference for the utilization of waste resource in further process of industralization, promoting the resource conservation, and development of environmental protection, realizing the harmonious coexistence between the economy and ecology.
Objective Multi-type resource chemical constituents in Schizandrae Fructus residues were analyzed in the process of Shengmai Injection production, in order to provide the scientific basis for Schizandrae Fructus in the further process of industrialization. Methods The lignan components were analysed and evaluated by HPLC-UV method. After using Na OH to extract sample, the BCA method was adopted to measure the mass fraction of total protein and take bovine serum albumin as the reference. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the mass fraction and constitutes of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide, respectively. The equipment for raw fiber determination was taken to gauge the crude fiber content of Schizandrae Fructus residues. Results The mass fractions of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, gomisin A, gomisin B, and schisantherin A were 1.442 4, 3.788 0, 1.350 9, 4.399 3, 3.231 3, and 0.505 3 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the original medicinal materials, the technology utilization rate of gomisin A was 20.84% during the process of Shengmai Injection production. But the gomisin B virtually was unused and remained in the residues. The mass fractions of schisandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, and schisantherin A were higher than that of the original medicinal material. The available macromolecular substances are proteins, polysaccharide, and crude fiber. The content of total proteins was 14.69%. The mass fractions of neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide were 3.82% and 1.31%, respectively. The analysis on crude fiber showed that the mass fraction of crude fiber in Schizandrae Fructus residues was 43.80%. Conclusion The analysis shows that Schizandrae Fructus residues contain many resource chemical components in the process of Shengmai Injection production, such as lignins, protein, saccharides, and crude fiber. The strategy for recycling and possible way is proposed exploringly based on the available resource chemical components of Schizandrae Fructus residues and water-extracting technology. It provides the reference for the utilization of waste resource in further process of industralization, promoting the resource conservation, and development of environmental protection, realizing the harmonious coexistence between the economy and ecology.
引文
[1]刘海涛.五味子科药用植物亲缘学初探及两种五味子科药用植物化学成分的研究[D].北京:中国协和医科大学,2009.
[2]于俊林,秦瑀,胡彦武,等.HPLC法测定五味子茎藤中木质素的含量[J].中草药,2003,34(10):附9-附10.
[3]史琳,王志成,冯叙桥.五味子化学成分及药理作用的研究进展[J].药物评价研究,2011,34(3):208-212.
[4]马春慧.北五味子活性成分高效分离纯化技术及资源多级利用工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[5]周洪玉.生脉注射液药效物质基础研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.
[6]郑天孝.生脉注射液的工业制备[J].华西药学杂志,1987(3):16.
[7]段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[8]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药资源产业化过程废弃物的产生及其利用策略与资源化模式[J].中草药,2013,44(20):2787-2797.
[9]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药废弃物的转化增效资源化模式及其研究与实践[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(24):1-7.
[10]曹玉华.BCA法测神奇灵颗粒剂中的蛋白含量[J].中国实用医药,2009,4(7):43-44.
[11]赵文,黄亚东,任永凤,等.阿克苏黄芪中多糖成分的分析[J].中草药,2004,35(3):271-273.
[12]张洁梅,刘东豪.细粉类大豆样品粗纤维的检测研究[J].现代食品科技,2005,21(3):129-130.
[13]杨艳辉,王喆之.南五味子脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析[J].现代生物医学进展,2007,7(3):367-369.
[14]郭志欣,顾地周,朱俊义,等.五味子药渣中活性多糖成分的制备方法:中国,CN102492050A[P].2012-06-13.
[15]谭晓虹,王志宝,李雪,等.南五味子多糖的提取及其体外抗氧化作用[J].食品研究与开发,2013,34(7):20-23.
[16]Xv G X,Jun M X,Hai L J,et al.Hypoglycemic effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Schisandrae chinensis(Turcz.)Baill in alloxan-induced diabetic mice[J].J Biotechnol,2008.doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1727.
[17]段金廒,张伯礼,宿树兰,等.基于循环经济理论的中药资源循环利用策略与模式探讨[J].中草药,2015,46(12):1715-1722.
[18]蔡晶,张庆,肖峰,等.五味子乙素对人肝细胞氧化损伤的保护作用[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(5):766-769.
[19]汪艳群.五味子多糖的分离,结构鉴定及免疫活性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[20]仰榴青,陈荣华,吴向阳,等.五味子醇提残渣中粗多糖的免疫活性研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(6):392-394.
[21]万志强,严铭铭,展月,等.五味子蛋白的提取纯化及含量测定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(17):119-122.
[2]于俊林,秦瑀,胡彦武,等.HPLC法测定五味子茎藤中木质素的含量[J].中草药,2003,34(10):附9-附10.
[3]史琳,王志成,冯叙桥.五味子化学成分及药理作用的研究进展[J].药物评价研究,2011,34(3):208-212.
[4]马春慧.北五味子活性成分高效分离纯化技术及资源多级利用工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[5]周洪玉.生脉注射液药效物质基础研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.
[6]郑天孝.生脉注射液的工业制备[J].华西药学杂志,1987(3):16.
[7]段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[8]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药资源产业化过程废弃物的产生及其利用策略与资源化模式[J].中草药,2013,44(20):2787-2797.
[9]段金廒,宿树兰,郭盛,等.中药废弃物的转化增效资源化模式及其研究与实践[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(24):1-7.
[10]曹玉华.BCA法测神奇灵颗粒剂中的蛋白含量[J].中国实用医药,2009,4(7):43-44.
[11]赵文,黄亚东,任永凤,等.阿克苏黄芪中多糖成分的分析[J].中草药,2004,35(3):271-273.
[12]张洁梅,刘东豪.细粉类大豆样品粗纤维的检测研究[J].现代食品科技,2005,21(3):129-130.
[13]杨艳辉,王喆之.南五味子脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析[J].现代生物医学进展,2007,7(3):367-369.
[14]郭志欣,顾地周,朱俊义,等.五味子药渣中活性多糖成分的制备方法:中国,CN102492050A[P].2012-06-13.
[15]谭晓虹,王志宝,李雪,等.南五味子多糖的提取及其体外抗氧化作用[J].食品研究与开发,2013,34(7):20-23.
[16]Xv G X,Jun M X,Hai L J,et al.Hypoglycemic effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Schisandrae chinensis(Turcz.)Baill in alloxan-induced diabetic mice[J].J Biotechnol,2008.doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1727.
[17]段金廒,张伯礼,宿树兰,等.基于循环经济理论的中药资源循环利用策略与模式探讨[J].中草药,2015,46(12):1715-1722.
[18]蔡晶,张庆,肖峰,等.五味子乙素对人肝细胞氧化损伤的保护作用[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(5):766-769.
[19]汪艳群.五味子多糖的分离,结构鉴定及免疫活性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[20]仰榴青,陈荣华,吴向阳,等.五味子醇提残渣中粗多糖的免疫活性研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(6):392-394.
[21]万志强,严铭铭,展月,等.五味子蛋白的提取纯化及含量测定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(17):119-122.