论《易传》的人性善恶统一说
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摘要
《易传》的人性论是善恶统一论。天地虽赋予人类善质,但天地自然之道有吉凶,有和合与不和合,所以天地赋予人善质的同时,也赋予人凶质、不和合之质,此即人之恶质。《易传》是阴阳对立统一论者,认为天地万物有吉就有凶,有福就有祸,有善就有恶。一切矛盾的事物都是互相转化的,没有离开善的恶,也没有离开恶的善。人的自然本质善恶混同,既有文明之光,又有野蛮之暗。人后天性之善恶取向取决于人的社会实践活动和个人的主观努力。
Human nature theory in Yizhuan(Commentaries on the Changes)holds that evilness and goodness of human nature are mingled together.Though heaven and earth endow human goodness of nature,now that there are both fortune and misfortune,harmoniousness and inharmoniousness in the unfolding of the heavenly and natural Dao(Way),heaven and earth also endow human nature with misfortune and inharmoniousness,i.e.,evilness.Yizhuanadheres to both unity and opposition between yinand yangand contends that fortune and misfortune,happiness and catastrophe,goodness and evilness universally exist,and contradictory things are mutually transformable and thus there is no evilness which could be separated from goodness and vice versa.The natural quality of human is mingled with both goodness and evilness which has both the light of civilization and darkness of savageness.Goodness or evilness of human acquired nature is determined by man's social activities and individual subjective efforts.
Human nature theory in Yizhuan(Commentaries on the Changes)holds that evilness and goodness of human nature are mingled together.Though heaven and earth endow human goodness of nature,now that there are both fortune and misfortune,harmoniousness and inharmoniousness in the unfolding of the heavenly and natural Dao(Way),heaven and earth also endow human nature with misfortune and inharmoniousness,i.e.,evilness.Yizhuanadheres to both unity and opposition between yinand yangand contends that fortune and misfortune,happiness and catastrophe,goodness and evilness universally exist,and contradictory things are mutually transformable and thus there is no evilness which could be separated from goodness and vice versa.The natural quality of human is mingled with both goodness and evilness which has both the light of civilization and darkness of savageness.Goodness or evilness of human acquired nature is determined by man's social activities and individual subjective efforts.
引文
1 [宋]朱震《汉上易传》卷九,上海:上海出版社,1990年,第264-265页。
2 [宋]黎靖德编《朱子语类》(五),北京:中华书局,1986年,第1971页。
3 尚秉和《周易尚氏学》卷一,北京:中华书局,1991年。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与卷数等。
1 [唐]李鼎祚《周易集解》卷一,成都:巴蜀书社,1991年。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与卷数等。
2 廖名春《帛书〈缪和〉〈昭力〉简说》,载《道家文化研究》第三辑,上海:上海古籍出版社,1993年,第209页。
3 张怀承《论中国传统人性论的逻辑发展》,载《中州学刊》1999年第4期。
1 [宋]朱熹《周易本义》,北京:中国书店,1994年,第108页。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与页码。
2 [清]王夫之《周易稗疏》卷一,载[清]王先谦编《皇清经解续编》第一册,上海:上海书局,1988年。
1 荆门市博物馆《郭店楚墓竹简》,北京:文物出版社,1998年,第187-188页。
2 [清]李光地《周易折中》,北京:九州出版社,2002年,第129页。
1[宋]程颐《周易程氏传》,载《二程集》,北京:中华书局,2004年,第769页。
2 [宋]黎靖德编《朱子语类》(五),北京:中华书局,1986年,第1971页。
3 尚秉和《周易尚氏学》卷一,北京:中华书局,1991年。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与卷数等。
1 [唐]李鼎祚《周易集解》卷一,成都:巴蜀书社,1991年。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与卷数等。
2 廖名春《帛书〈缪和〉〈昭力〉简说》,载《道家文化研究》第三辑,上海:上海古籍出版社,1993年,第209页。
3 张怀承《论中国传统人性论的逻辑发展》,载《中州学刊》1999年第4期。
1 [宋]朱熹《周易本义》,北京:中国书店,1994年,第108页。下引该书,仅随文标注书名与页码。
2 [清]王夫之《周易稗疏》卷一,载[清]王先谦编《皇清经解续编》第一册,上海:上海书局,1988年。
1 荆门市博物馆《郭店楚墓竹简》,北京:文物出版社,1998年,第187-188页。
2 [清]李光地《周易折中》,北京:九州出版社,2002年,第129页。
1[宋]程颐《周易程氏传》,载《二程集》,北京:中华书局,2004年,第769页。