生态正义研究与跨文化生态诗学建构
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摘要
生态正义思想是族裔文学研究、生态批评与社会生态实践的中间地带。21世纪初,随着生态批评块茎性特征凸显,生态批评理论研究显现出与社会实践结合的后现代特征,多元文化生态诗学应运而生。生态批评的块茎性主要表现在运用生态学、地理学、环保运动话语,分析社会和环境问题本源,以生态正义研究为核心追求环境正义,共谋生态福祉。多元文化生态诗学以生态正义思想为主线,涵盖了中间地带、文学观察工具、牺牲地带、动物转型等概念,表明生态批评理论研究涉足素由自然科学所垦拓的领域,为人类纪时代文学批评理论研究与生态实践提供了范式。现今生态批评理论研究跨文化趋向明显,急需建构具有正义性、民族性、整体性特质的中西生态批评对话体系。跨文化生态诗学以多元文化生态诗学相关概念为基础,以生态正义相关问题为导向,从多元到贯通,为新时期生态批评理论研究指明了方向。
The Concepts of Environmental Justice has been called a kind of middle place in the study of ethnic literature,eco-criticism and social ecological practice. Rhizome is the one of the essential characteristics of Ecocriticism,which leads to the postmodern literary characteristics,with the transcultural and transdisciplinary studies as the main trend,thus,ecocriticism uses the concepts of ecology,geography and environmental movements to analyze environmental problems. The concept of Environmental Justice is the main line of Adamson's ecological thoughts,together with other concepts like Seeing Instruments,Cosmopolitanism,Liminality and Transformative Animal Beings,forming the foundation of her ecological vision which can be summarized as Multicultural Ecocritical Poetics. Based on the main concepts ofAdamson's multicultural ecocriticalpoetics,we intend to verify the necessity and possibility of constructing the Transcultural Ecocritical Poetics,which is question-driven and characterized by ethnicity,pluralism,Integrity,liminality and practicality,etc. It exhibits the dialogical relationship between Chinese and Western Ecocriticalconcepts in the age of Anthropocene.
The Concepts of Environmental Justice has been called a kind of middle place in the study of ethnic literature,eco-criticism and social ecological practice. Rhizome is the one of the essential characteristics of Ecocriticism,which leads to the postmodern literary characteristics,with the transcultural and transdisciplinary studies as the main trend,thus,ecocriticism uses the concepts of ecology,geography and environmental movements to analyze environmental problems. The concept of Environmental Justice is the main line of Adamson's ecological thoughts,together with other concepts like Seeing Instruments,Cosmopolitanism,Liminality and Transformative Animal Beings,forming the foundation of her ecological vision which can be summarized as Multicultural Ecocritical Poetics. Based on the main concepts ofAdamson's multicultural ecocriticalpoetics,we intend to verify the necessity and possibility of constructing the Transcultural Ecocritical Poetics,which is question-driven and characterized by ethnicity,pluralism,Integrity,liminality and practicality,etc. It exhibits the dialogical relationship between Chinese and Western Ecocriticalconcepts in the age of Anthropocene.
引文
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[2]Bill Ashcroft.Post-colonial Studies the Key Concepts.London;New York:Routledge,2000.
[3]Adamson,Joni,and David Naguib Pellow.Engaged Scholarship in the Vernacular Landscape:A Conversation.Resilience:A Journal of the Environmental Humanities.2014.
[4]Garrard,Greg.Ecocriticism.New Critical Idiom.London;New York:Routledge,2004.
[5]叶玮玮,乔尼·亚当森,司各特·斯洛维克.前人的肩膀:种族性和生态批评简介(选译)[J].大连大学学报,2018(1).
[6]罗良功.美国非裔文学:2000-2016[J].社会科学研究,2017(6).
[7]Westling,Louise Hutchings.The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Environment.Cambridge Companions to Literature.2014.
[8]Adamson,J.,&Davis,Michael.Humanities for the Environment:Integrating knowledge,forging new constellations of practice,Routledge Environmental Humanities.?London:Taylor and Francis,2016.
[9]Martha C.Nussbaum.Judical Opinion Writing:Poets as Judges:Judicial Rhetoric and the Literary Imagination.U-niversity of Chicago Law Review 62.1995.
[10]Buell,L.Ebrary.Writing for an endangered world:Literature,culture,and environment in the U.S.and beyond.Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2011.
[11]Adamson,J.,Gleason,W.,&Pellow,D.Keywords for environmental studies.New York:New York University Press,2016.
[12]Adamson,Joni.American Indian Literature,Environmental Justice,and Ecocriticism:The Middle Place.Uof Arizona,2001:66.
[13]Environmental ProtectionAgency.https://azcir.org/azrisk-management-plans-epa/Arizona Center for Investigative Reporting,2018-07-28.
[14]Adamson,Joni.Desirable Futures:Cosmos,Canon,and Constellations of Practice in the Environmental Humanities.Book project proposed to NHC,2018.
[15]鲁枢元.人类纪的文学使命:修补精神圈[J].环境教育,2005(11).
[16]马特.从缺席到在场:生态批评的城市维度[J].外国文学研究,2017(5).
[17]Bennett,M.,Teague,D.The nature of cities:Ecocriticism and urban environments.Tucson:University of Arizona Press,1999.
[18]Bernheimer,Charles.Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism.Parallax(Baltimore,Md.).Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995.
[19]杨金才.关于21世纪外国文学发展趋势研究的几点认识[J].当代外国文学,2013(4).
[20]韦清琦.绿袖起舞:中国生态批评的十年[J].南京师范大学文学院学报,2011(4).
[21]Adamson Joni.Roots and Trajectories in the Environmental Humanities:From Environmental Justice to Intergenerational Justice.English Language Notes(ELN).2017.
[22]Henry,Matthew S.Nonhuman Narrators and Multinatural Worlds.ISLE:Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment,2017.
[23]曾繁仁.中西对话中的中国生态美学[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(2).
[24]张艳梅.生态批评[M].北京:人民出版社,2007.
[25]Glotfelty,Cheryll.,and Harold.Fromm.The Ecocriticism Reader:Landmarks in Literary Ecology.Athens:University of Georgia Press,1996.
[26]何成洲.全球在地化、事件与当代北欧生态文学批评[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(2).
[27]陈思和.中国文学中的世界性因素[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2011.