浮式接收再气化装置关键系统比选及发展趋势
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摘要
LNG浮式接收再气化装置(Floating Storage Regasification Unit,FSRU)具有审批流程简化、建设周期短、投资小、供气速度快等优势。基于此,对其关键系统的技术可获得性、设备可靠性、建造周期进行了分析,并且从可靠性、安全性、投资成本、运营成本、环境影响及建造周期等方面对浮式接收再气化方案进行了梳理。结果表明:卸料臂使用寿命长、运营成本低,建议浮式接收再气化装置采用卸料臂进行旁靠卸载;再气化系统可采用丙烷或乙二醇溶液作为中间介质进行换热,根据装置系泊港口的环境条件、环保要求、船体蒸汽系统负荷来确定使用。与FSRU相比,浮式接收装置(Floating Storage Unit,FSU)的再气化模块布置灵活,可以进行冷能利用,运营成本降低,可靠性与安全性更高,经济性更佳,是浮式接收再气化装置的发展新趋势。
LNG Floating Storage Regasification Unit(FSRU) is advantageous with simplified approval process, short construction period, less investment and fast gas supply. Based on the advantages, its key system was analyzed in terms of technical availability, equipment reliability and construction period. And FSRU scheme was dissected from the aspects of reliability, security, cost of investment, operating expense, environmental influence and construction period. In view of long service life and low operating costs, it is recommended to apply the loading arm in FSRU for side by side unloading. It is shown that in the regasification system, propane or ethylene glycol solution can be used as the intermediate medium for heat exchange, and which one to select is dependent on the environmental conditions, environmental protection requirements and hull steam system loading of mooring port where this device is located. Compared with the FSRU, the regasification module of Floating Storage Unit(FSU) is more flexible in installation which can be used for cold energy utilization, lower in operating cost, higher in reliability and safety and more economical. Therefore, it is the new development trend of FSRU.
LNG Floating Storage Regasification Unit(FSRU) is advantageous with simplified approval process, short construction period, less investment and fast gas supply. Based on the advantages, its key system was analyzed in terms of technical availability, equipment reliability and construction period. And FSRU scheme was dissected from the aspects of reliability, security, cost of investment, operating expense, environmental influence and construction period. In view of long service life and low operating costs, it is recommended to apply the loading arm in FSRU for side by side unloading. It is shown that in the regasification system, propane or ethylene glycol solution can be used as the intermediate medium for heat exchange, and which one to select is dependent on the environmental conditions, environmental protection requirements and hull steam system loading of mooring port where this device is located. Compared with the FSRU, the regasification module of Floating Storage Unit(FSU) is more flexible in installation which can be used for cold energy utilization, lower in operating cost, higher in reliability and safety and more economical. Therefore, it is the new development trend of FSRU.
引文
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[13]谢敏,唐永生,邹韬,等.液化天然气海上转运系统研究及开发[J].船舶与海洋工程,2015,31(6):13-19.XIE M,TANG Y S,ZHOU T,et al.Research and development of LNG offshore transfer equipment[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2015,31(6):13-19.
[14]张甫杰,董国祥,高家镛.LNG并靠外输作业时水动力性能数值研究[J].上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2015,38(1):20-26.ZHANG F J,DONG G X,GAO J Y.Numerical research on hydrodynamics of LNG side-by-side offloading operation[J].Journal of Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute,2015,38(1):20-26.
[15]KYOUNG W L.Study on ship motion analysis of turretmoored LNG FSRU compared with experiment[C].Brisbane:Australia Proceedings of the 9th(2010)ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium,2016:5-9.
[16]田天,李波,梅荣兵,等.No96薄膜式LNG-FSRU总体设计关键技术研究[C].昆明:第十六届中国科协年会,2014:4-5.TIAN T,LI B,MEI R B,et al.Critical considerations of general design issues for No96 membrane LNG-FSRU[C].Kunming:The 16th Annual Meeting of China Association for Science and Technology,2014:4-5.
[17]PER H M,TORE L.Regasification modules for onboard applications offer multiple benefits[J].Wartsila Technical Journal,2012,30(2):31-37.
[18]刘丰,李晖,张贤福,等.海工况液化天然气(LNG)中间介质气化器(IFV)的研究开发[J].化工进展,2015,34(1):99-103.LIU F,LI H,ZHANG X F,et al.Development and manufacture of LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer used in sea water condition[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(1):99-103.
[19]SHINJI E.LNG vaporizer for LNG regasification terminal[J].Kobelco Technology Review,2013,32:64-69.
[20]都大永,王蒙.浮式LNG接收站与陆地LNG接收站的技术经济分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):122-126.DU D Y,WANG M.Tech-economic analysis of floating and onshore LNG terminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):122-126.
[21]张新放,关克平.FLNG水动力性能研究进展[J].油气储运,2017,36(8):883-888.ZHANG X F,GUAN K P.Research progress on FLNG hydrodynamics[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(8):883-888.
[2]嵇春艳,元志明,徐胜,等.一种适用于深水浮式海洋平台结构的新型系泊系统设计及水动力性能分析[J].海洋技术,2012,31(2):68-72.JI C Y,YUAN Z M,XU S,et al.Concept design of a new mooring system applied to deepwater floating offshore platforms and its hydrodynamics[J].Ocean Technology,2012,31(2):68-72.
[3]顾安忠.液化天然气技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015:101-102.GU A Z.Technology of natural gas liquefaction[J].Beijing:China Machine Press,2015:101-102.
[4]黄群.浮式海上接收终端方案研究[J].海洋技术,2010,29(1):112-116.HUANG Q.Research on scheme of floating offshore LNG terminal[J].Ocean Technology,2010,29(1):112-116.
[5]宋炜,袁红良,段斌,等.LNG浮式岸站终端设计难点分析与对策研究[J].船舶与海洋工程,2015,31(3):1-6.SONG W,YUAN H L,DUAN B,et al.Research on design difficulties and countermeasures for floating storage and regasification unit[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2015,31(3):1-6.
[6]梅荣兵.No96薄膜式LNG-FSRU总体方案论证[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016:27-30.MEI R B.Research on general design for No96 membrane LNGFSRU[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2016:27-30.
[7]毕晓星,刘洋,彭延建.浮式储存气化装置系泊系统紧急解脱风速研究[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(2):162-165.BI X X,LIU Y,PENG Y J.Study on wind speeds for the safe operation of the mooring systems of FSRU[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(2):162-165.
[8]朱锋.LNG-FSRU再气化模块设计优化研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2016:65-67.ZHU F.Research on structure optimization for LNG-FSRU regasification module[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2016:65-67.
[9]朱锋,张林,王俊,等.LNG-FSRU再气化模块设备布置研究[J].造船技术,2016(5):70-75.ZHU F,ZHANG L,WANG J,et al.Structural strength analysis for LNG-FSRU regasification module[J].Shipbuilding Technology,2016(5):70-75.
[10]刘辉.LNG-FSRU再气化系统及冷能利用研究[J].镇江:江苏科技大学,2016:24-33.LIU H.Research on LNG-FSRU regasification system and cold energy utilization[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2016:24-33.
[11]张悦.FSRU作业过程火灾爆炸危险性评估研究[J].中国安全生产科技技术,2016,12(5):109-113.ZHANG Y.Study on hazard evaluation of fire and explosion in operation process of FSRU[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(5):109-113.
[12]彭延建,张超,毕晓星.海上LNG模块化接收终端的平面布置[J].中国水运,2014(5):92-94.PENG Y J,ZHANG C,BI X X.Layout of offshore modularized LNG receiving terminal[J].China Water Transport,2014(5):92-94.
[13]谢敏,唐永生,邹韬,等.液化天然气海上转运系统研究及开发[J].船舶与海洋工程,2015,31(6):13-19.XIE M,TANG Y S,ZHOU T,et al.Research and development of LNG offshore transfer equipment[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2015,31(6):13-19.
[14]张甫杰,董国祥,高家镛.LNG并靠外输作业时水动力性能数值研究[J].上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2015,38(1):20-26.ZHANG F J,DONG G X,GAO J Y.Numerical research on hydrodynamics of LNG side-by-side offloading operation[J].Journal of Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute,2015,38(1):20-26.
[15]KYOUNG W L.Study on ship motion analysis of turretmoored LNG FSRU compared with experiment[C].Brisbane:Australia Proceedings of the 9th(2010)ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium,2016:5-9.
[16]田天,李波,梅荣兵,等.No96薄膜式LNG-FSRU总体设计关键技术研究[C].昆明:第十六届中国科协年会,2014:4-5.TIAN T,LI B,MEI R B,et al.Critical considerations of general design issues for No96 membrane LNG-FSRU[C].Kunming:The 16th Annual Meeting of China Association for Science and Technology,2014:4-5.
[17]PER H M,TORE L.Regasification modules for onboard applications offer multiple benefits[J].Wartsila Technical Journal,2012,30(2):31-37.
[18]刘丰,李晖,张贤福,等.海工况液化天然气(LNG)中间介质气化器(IFV)的研究开发[J].化工进展,2015,34(1):99-103.LIU F,LI H,ZHANG X F,et al.Development and manufacture of LNG intermediate fluid vaporizer used in sea water condition[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(1):99-103.
[19]SHINJI E.LNG vaporizer for LNG regasification terminal[J].Kobelco Technology Review,2013,32:64-69.
[20]都大永,王蒙.浮式LNG接收站与陆地LNG接收站的技术经济分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):122-126.DU D Y,WANG M.Tech-economic analysis of floating and onshore LNG terminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):122-126.
[21]张新放,关克平.FLNG水动力性能研究进展[J].油气储运,2017,36(8):883-888.ZHANG X F,GUAN K P.Research progress on FLNG hydrodynamics[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(8):883-888.