西安市环境空气质量变化特征及其与气象条件的关系
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摘要
采用2002—2011年大气污染物的现状监测资料以及同期气象观测资料,分析西安市空气污染的时空分布特征及其与气象条件的关系,并探讨空气质量为优及轻微污染以上的天气事件对应的高空典型环流形势,研究污染成因及污染物传输规律。结果表明:西安市污染较为严重的污染物为PM10,较大浓度值出现在冬季采暖期,雨水能对污染物起到有效的湿清除作用,且空气质量状况具有明显的延续性,天气系统具有延续性是造成空气质量延续性的可能原因;逆温的存在,最大混合层高度的降低造成大气层结稳定,风速较小,阻碍空气的对流运动,使污染物在垂直方向上的扩散能力较弱,不利于污染物扩散,易造成环境空气质量下降,引起空气污染的发生。
Based on the data of atmospheric pollutants and the corresponding meteorological observation data from 2002 to 2011 in Xi'an,the temporal and spatial distributions of air pollution and its relationship w ith meteorological conditions w ere analyzed. The typical upper-level circulation situation in the day w hen air quality is superior grade or above light pollution grade,forming reasons and transport path of pollutants w ere discussed. The results indicate that the primary pollutant is PM 10 in Xi'an,and its maximum concentration appears in w inter during heating period. Rainfall is the significant w et scavenging effect for pollutants,and air quality status has obvious continuity ow-ing to the continuity of w eather system. Presence of inversion temperature and decrease of the maximum mixed layer height make atmospheric stratification stable and w ind speed small,hinder the convective movement of air, w hich lead to the w eak diffusion of pollutants along the vertical direction. Thus,it is not favorable to the diffusion of pollutants,and it easily makes the ambient air quality descended.
Based on the data of atmospheric pollutants and the corresponding meteorological observation data from 2002 to 2011 in Xi'an,the temporal and spatial distributions of air pollution and its relationship w ith meteorological conditions w ere analyzed. The typical upper-level circulation situation in the day w hen air quality is superior grade or above light pollution grade,forming reasons and transport path of pollutants w ere discussed. The results indicate that the primary pollutant is PM 10 in Xi'an,and its maximum concentration appears in w inter during heating period. Rainfall is the significant w et scavenging effect for pollutants,and air quality status has obvious continuity ow-ing to the continuity of w eather system. Presence of inversion temperature and decrease of the maximum mixed layer height make atmospheric stratification stable and w ind speed small,hinder the convective movement of air, w hich lead to the w eak diffusion of pollutants along the vertical direction. Thus,it is not favorable to the diffusion of pollutants,and it easily makes the ambient air quality descended.
引文
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[2]冯建军,沈家芬,梁任重,等.广州市PM10气象要素的关系分析[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(1):78-82.
[3]张艳燕,孟凡,何友江,等.乌鲁木齐市冬季典型污染事件气象过程分析[J].环境科学研究,2012(1):10-17.
[4]张艳昆,刘树华,李炬.北京PM10质量浓度与总体理查逊数的关系[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2010,46(2):192-198.
[5]李金香,邱启鸿,辛连忠.北京秋冬季空气严重污染的特征及成因分析[J].中国环境监测,2007(2):89-94.
[6]陈添.气象条件对北京市空气质量的影响[J].环境保护,2006(10):46-49.
[7]张宝贵,孙丽华.秦皇岛市空气污染与气象要素的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(4):43-47.
[8]周慧,王自发,安俊岭,等.城市空气污染持续维持机制研究I.2002年西安市空气污染持续维持过程分析及其气象成因[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(1):124-131.
[9]王喜全,齐彦斌,王自发.造成北京PM10重污染的二类典型天气形势[J].气候与环境研究,2007,12(1):81-86.
[10]李颖敏,范绍佳,张人文.2008年秋季珠江三角洲污染气象分析[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(10):1585-1591.
[11]胡琳,林杨,何晓嫒.基于API方法的西安城市大气环境质量评价[J].陕西气象,2007(1):18-20.
[12]山义昌,徐太安,王善芳,等.潍坊市区近10年空气质量与气象条件的关系[J].气象,2004,30(10):47-51.
[13]曲晓黎,付桂琴,贾俊妹,等.2005—2009年石家庄市空气质量分布特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(3):29-32.
[14]赵惠芳,杨建东,陈雅莲,等.气象条件对晋江城市空气质量的影响[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(4):11-16.
[15]张永涛,谷秀杰.河北省北部一次大雾天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学,2009,32(3):29-31.
[16]刘玉兰,梁培,刘娟,等.哈尔滨冬季重污染日气象特征[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(1):55-58.