中试ANAMMOX-ASBR处理火电厂脱硫脱硝尾液的抑制及恢复特性
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摘要
采用中试ASBR (530 L),接种氧化沟工艺的兼氧段污泥,考察了厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)的启动及其与反硝化耦合处理实际火电厂脱硫脱硝尾液的抑制和恢复特性.结果表明,温度35℃±1℃、反应时间为20 h,可180 d实现ANAMMOX的成功启动;活性稳定阶段,总氮(TN)去除率和去除负荷分别达91. 1%和0. 3kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).处理脱硫脱硝尾液的中试ANAMMOX-ASBR在活性抑制阶段,可采用去除抑制因素并降低进水基质浓度方式,实现其活性的恢复(93 d).此外,采用逐步增加脱硫脱硝尾液投加比例(30%、70%、100%)的方式,可实现中试ASBR内ANAMMOX与反硝化耦合,使得系统出水TN去除率和COD浓度分别稳定在约92%和88. 5 mg·L~(-1).修正的Logistic模型更加适合描述ANAMMOX受脱硫脱硝尾液冲击后的NRR恢复过程,得到的NRR恢复延迟时间λ为17. 777个周期,R~2为0. 929 48.
A pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor( ASBR,working volume 530 L),inoculated with oxygen-segmented sludge in an oxidation ditch process,was developed to investigate the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) and its combination with denitrification for deep-level nitrogen removal from desulfurization and denitrification tailings of a thermal power plant.The results showed that,under conditions with a temperature of( 35 ± 1) ℃ and reaction time of 20 h,ANAMMOX was successfully started up after 180 days. During the stable operations phase,total nitrogen( TN) removal rate and removal efficiency reached 91. 1%and 0. 3 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),respectively. During the activity suppression stage of the ANAMMOX-ASBR treating real desulfurization and denitrification tailings,the recovery of its activity could be achieved in 93 days by removing inhibitory factors( Cl~-concentration) and reducing the concentration of influent substrate. In addition, by gradually increasing the addition ratio of desulfurization and denitrification tails( 30%,70%,and 100%),the coupling of ANAMMOX and denitrification was achieved in the ASBR to ensure stable effluent TN removal rate and COD concentrations below 92% and 88. 5 mg·L~(-1),respectively. The modified logistic model was more suitable for the NRR recovery process after ANAMMOX was impacted by desulfurization and denitrification tailings. The NRR recovery delay time λ was 17. 777 cycles,the and R~2 was 0. 929 48.
A pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor( ASBR,working volume 530 L),inoculated with oxygen-segmented sludge in an oxidation ditch process,was developed to investigate the start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) and its combination with denitrification for deep-level nitrogen removal from desulfurization and denitrification tailings of a thermal power plant.The results showed that,under conditions with a temperature of( 35 ± 1) ℃ and reaction time of 20 h,ANAMMOX was successfully started up after 180 days. During the stable operations phase,total nitrogen( TN) removal rate and removal efficiency reached 91. 1%and 0. 3 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),respectively. During the activity suppression stage of the ANAMMOX-ASBR treating real desulfurization and denitrification tailings,the recovery of its activity could be achieved in 93 days by removing inhibitory factors( Cl~-concentration) and reducing the concentration of influent substrate. In addition, by gradually increasing the addition ratio of desulfurization and denitrification tails( 30%,70%,and 100%),the coupling of ANAMMOX and denitrification was achieved in the ASBR to ensure stable effluent TN removal rate and COD concentrations below 92% and 88. 5 mg·L~(-1),respectively. The modified logistic model was more suitable for the NRR recovery process after ANAMMOX was impacted by desulfurization and denitrification tailings. The NRR recovery delay time λ was 17. 777 cycles,the and R~2 was 0. 929 48.
引文
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[7]于德爽,李津,韩长民,等.火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液生物处理技术浅析[J].青岛理工大学学报,2014,35(5):1-6.Yu D S,Li J,Han C M,et al. Biological treatment process in the wastewater from desulfuration and denitration of power plant[J]. Journal of Qingdao Technological University,2014,35(5):1-6.
[8] Yang J C,Zhang L,Hira D,et al. Anammox treatment of highsalinity wastewater at ambient temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2367-2372.
[9] Jin R C,Zhang Q Q,Yang G F,et al. Evaluating the recovery performance of the ANAMMOX process following inhibition by phenol and sulfide[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142:162-170.
[10] Yang G F,Zhang Q Q,Jin R C. Changes in the nitrogen removal performance and the properties of granular sludge in an Anammox system under oxytetracycline(OTC)stress[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,129:65-71.
[11] van de Graaf A A, de Bruijn P, Robertson L A, et al.Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology,1996,142(8):2187-2196.
[12]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] Wang J L,Wan W. Kinetic models for fermentative hydrogen production:a review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(8):3313-3323.
[14]唐崇俭,郑平,陈建伟,等.不同接种物启动Anammox反应器的性能研究[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(8):683-688.Tang C J,Zheng P,Chen J W,et al. Performance of Anammox bioreactors started up with different seeding sludges[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(8):683-688.
[15] Kim J H,Guo X,Park H S. Comparison study of the effects of temperature and free ammonia concentration on nitrification and nitrite accumulation[J]. Process Biochemistry,2008,43(2):154-160.
[16] Strous M,Kuenen J G,Jetten M S M. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):3248-3250.
[17] Dapena-Mora A,Fernández I,Campos J L,et al. Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,40(4):859-865.
[18] Fernández I,Dosta J,Fajardo C,et al. Short-and long-term effects of ammonium and nitrite on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,95(S1):S170-S174.
[19] Isaka K, Sumino T, Tsuneda S. High nitrogen removal performance at moderately low temperature utilizing anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactions[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2007,103(5):486-490.
[20]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al. Influence of temperature,pH value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.
[21] Dapena-Mora A, Campos J L, Mosquera-Corral A, et al.Stability of the ANAMMOX process in a gas-lift reactor and a SBR[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2004,110(2):159-170.
[22]刘成良,刘可慧,李天煜,等.盐度对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)生物脱氮效率的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(9):1919-1924.Liu C L,Liu K H,Li T Y,et al. Effects of salinity on nitrogen removal with the Anammox process[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(9):1919-1924.
[23] van der Star W R L,Abma W R,Blommers D,et al. Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4149-4163.
[24] Oshiki M, Shimokawa M, Fujii N, et al. Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’[J]. Microbiology,2011,157(Pt6):1706-1713.
[25] Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[26] Awata T, Oshiki M, Kindaichi T, et al. Physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the“Candidatus scalindua”group[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(13):4145-4148.
[27] Van De Vossenberg J,Rattray J E,Geerts W,et al. Enrichment and characterization of marine anammox bacteria associated with global nitrogen gas production[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(11):3120-3129.
[28] Tsushima I,Kindaichi T,Okabe S. Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR[J]. Water Research,2007,41(4):785-794.
[29] Yasuda T,Waki M,Yoshinaga I,et al. Evidence of exponential growth of an anammox population in an anaerobic batch culture[J]. Microbes and Environments,2011,26(3):266-269.
[30] Awata T,Kindaichi T,Ozaki N,et al. Biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium,“Candidatus Scalindua sp.,”is affected by salinity[J]. Microbes and Environments,2015,30(1):86-91.
[2] Mulder A,van de Graaf A A,Robertson L A,et al. Anareobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-184.
[3]杨延栋,黄京,韩晓宇,等.一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨氮污泥消化液的启动[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1082-1087.Yang Y D,Huang J,Han X Y,et al. Start-up of one-stage partial nitrification/anammox process treating ammonium-rich reject water[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):1082-1087.
[4] Daverey A,Su S H,Huang Y T,et al. Partial nitrification and anammox process:a method for high strength optoelectronic industrial wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2013,47(9):2929-2937.
[5]陆天友,姚晓园.接触氧化/厌氧氨氧化/微波工艺处理垃圾渗滤液[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(17):102-104.Lu T T,Yao X Y. Contact oxidation/ANAMMOX/microwave for treatment of landfill leachate[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(17):102-104.
[6]廖德祥,吴永明,李小明,等.亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高含氮废水的研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(9):1776-1780.Liao D X,Wu Y M,Li X M,et al. Nitritation-ANAMMOX process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(9):1776-1780.
[7]于德爽,李津,韩长民,等.火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液生物处理技术浅析[J].青岛理工大学学报,2014,35(5):1-6.Yu D S,Li J,Han C M,et al. Biological treatment process in the wastewater from desulfuration and denitration of power plant[J]. Journal of Qingdao Technological University,2014,35(5):1-6.
[8] Yang J C,Zhang L,Hira D,et al. Anammox treatment of highsalinity wastewater at ambient temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2367-2372.
[9] Jin R C,Zhang Q Q,Yang G F,et al. Evaluating the recovery performance of the ANAMMOX process following inhibition by phenol and sulfide[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,142:162-170.
[10] Yang G F,Zhang Q Q,Jin R C. Changes in the nitrogen removal performance and the properties of granular sludge in an Anammox system under oxytetracycline(OTC)stress[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,129:65-71.
[11] van de Graaf A A, de Bruijn P, Robertson L A, et al.Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology,1996,142(8):2187-2196.
[12]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] Wang J L,Wan W. Kinetic models for fermentative hydrogen production:a review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(8):3313-3323.
[14]唐崇俭,郑平,陈建伟,等.不同接种物启动Anammox反应器的性能研究[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(8):683-688.Tang C J,Zheng P,Chen J W,et al. Performance of Anammox bioreactors started up with different seeding sludges[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(8):683-688.
[15] Kim J H,Guo X,Park H S. Comparison study of the effects of temperature and free ammonia concentration on nitrification and nitrite accumulation[J]. Process Biochemistry,2008,43(2):154-160.
[16] Strous M,Kuenen J G,Jetten M S M. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):3248-3250.
[17] Dapena-Mora A,Fernández I,Campos J L,et al. Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,40(4):859-865.
[18] Fernández I,Dosta J,Fajardo C,et al. Short-and long-term effects of ammonium and nitrite on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,95(S1):S170-S174.
[19] Isaka K, Sumino T, Tsuneda S. High nitrogen removal performance at moderately low temperature utilizing anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactions[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2007,103(5):486-490.
[20]杨洋,左剑恶,沈平,等.温度、pH值和有机物对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(4):691-695.Yang Y,Zuo J E,Shen P,et al. Influence of temperature,pH value and organic substance on activity of ANAMMOX sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(4):691-695.
[21] Dapena-Mora A, Campos J L, Mosquera-Corral A, et al.Stability of the ANAMMOX process in a gas-lift reactor and a SBR[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2004,110(2):159-170.
[22]刘成良,刘可慧,李天煜,等.盐度对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)生物脱氮效率的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(9):1919-1924.Liu C L,Liu K H,Li T Y,et al. Effects of salinity on nitrogen removal with the Anammox process[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(9):1919-1924.
[23] van der Star W R L,Abma W R,Blommers D,et al. Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation:experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4149-4163.
[24] Oshiki M, Shimokawa M, Fujii N, et al. Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’[J]. Microbiology,2011,157(Pt6):1706-1713.
[25] Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[26] Awata T, Oshiki M, Kindaichi T, et al. Physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the“Candidatus scalindua”group[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(13):4145-4148.
[27] Van De Vossenberg J,Rattray J E,Geerts W,et al. Enrichment and characterization of marine anammox bacteria associated with global nitrogen gas production[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2008,10(11):3120-3129.
[28] Tsushima I,Kindaichi T,Okabe S. Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR[J]. Water Research,2007,41(4):785-794.
[29] Yasuda T,Waki M,Yoshinaga I,et al. Evidence of exponential growth of an anammox population in an anaerobic batch culture[J]. Microbes and Environments,2011,26(3):266-269.
[30] Awata T,Kindaichi T,Ozaki N,et al. Biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium,“Candidatus Scalindua sp.,”is affected by salinity[J]. Microbes and Environments,2015,30(1):86-91.