高寒动车组-40℃环境下动力学性能
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摘要
低温环境对高速动车组动力学性能影响显著,需要掌握低温下的车辆参数变化范围,针对-40℃或极低温工况鲜有研究。基于悬挂元件低温特性试验结果,建立高寒动车组非线性动力学仿真模型,并将常温环境下的动力学仿真结果与线路试验结果进行对比验证;将车辆系统悬挂参数、轮轨匹配、轮轨界面参数考虑为正态随机分布,采用拉丁超立方采样方法组合得到300种计算工况,仿真研究高寒动车组在-40℃低温环境运行时的动力学性能。300 km/h速度条件下,车辆运行稳定性和安全性能满足标准要求,但新镟修车轮在直线运行工况下的横向平稳性较常温环境下差,主要是由于车辆发生了横向低频晃动;低温引起橡胶元件和减振器的刚度和阻尼增大,导致在与车体上心滚摆接近的频率范围内,前后转向架同向蛇行运动的阻尼比降低,引发以车体滚摆为主的横向晃动,因此高寒动车组需要注意预防新镟轮后的车体晃动现象。为低温环境下的高速动车组悬挂参数使用范围和动力学性能设计提供了参考。
The low temperature has great effect on the vehicle system dynamics of high-speed train, which needs to know the range of variation of suspension parameters in low temperature, but there exists rare researches on the dynamics behaviour of railway vehicle when it bears a quite low temperature of-40 ℃ or lower. A non-linear dynamics railway vehicle model is built for a high-speed train running in cold climate on the basis of low-temperature dynamics performance tests for its suspension components. The modelling accuracy is validated by comparing the simulated results with the field measurements within the normal temperature. In the numerical simulations, the stochastic characteristics of suspension parameters components, wheel-rail interactions, wheel-rail interfaces are considered as normal distributions. Then the Latin hypercube sampling(LHS) method is applied to design numerical scenarios, and a total of 300 cases is considered during the numerical analysis. It shows that the hunting stability and safety indices still meet the requirements declared in respective criterion at the speed of 300 km/h, while the lateral ride quality under extreme low-temperature case is a bit severe than that under normal temperature case resulting from the lateral sway motion of car body when the vehicle with reprofiled wheels running on tangent tracks. Lab tests and simulations demonstrate that the low-temperature increases the rubber stiffness and dampers' damping significantly and leads to a low damping ratio of the in-phase hunting movements of two bogies,which share a similar frequency with the swaying motion of car body. The swaying movement of car bod has the rotation center higher than the position of center of mass of car body. This contributes a lateral swaying motion of car body, and then attentions shall be paid for the newly reprofiled high-speed vehicles in case of ca body swaying. A reference is provided for the design of suspension parameters and dynamic behavior of high-speed train under the low temperature situation.
The low temperature has great effect on the vehicle system dynamics of high-speed train, which needs to know the range of variation of suspension parameters in low temperature, but there exists rare researches on the dynamics behaviour of railway vehicle when it bears a quite low temperature of-40 ℃ or lower. A non-linear dynamics railway vehicle model is built for a high-speed train running in cold climate on the basis of low-temperature dynamics performance tests for its suspension components. The modelling accuracy is validated by comparing the simulated results with the field measurements within the normal temperature. In the numerical simulations, the stochastic characteristics of suspension parameters components, wheel-rail interactions, wheel-rail interfaces are considered as normal distributions. Then the Latin hypercube sampling(LHS) method is applied to design numerical scenarios, and a total of 300 cases is considered during the numerical analysis. It shows that the hunting stability and safety indices still meet the requirements declared in respective criterion at the speed of 300 km/h, while the lateral ride quality under extreme low-temperature case is a bit severe than that under normal temperature case resulting from the lateral sway motion of car body when the vehicle with reprofiled wheels running on tangent tracks. Lab tests and simulations demonstrate that the low-temperature increases the rubber stiffness and dampers' damping significantly and leads to a low damping ratio of the in-phase hunting movements of two bogies,which share a similar frequency with the swaying motion of car body. The swaying movement of car bod has the rotation center higher than the position of center of mass of car body. This contributes a lateral swaying motion of car body, and then attentions shall be paid for the newly reprofiled high-speed vehicles in case of ca body swaying. A reference is provided for the design of suspension parameters and dynamic behavior of high-speed train under the low temperature situation.
引文
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[11]IMAN R,CAMPBELL J,HELTON J.An approach to sensitivity analysis of computer models.I-Introduction,input,variable selection and preliminary variable assessment[J].Journal of Quality Technology,1981,13:174-183.
[2]罗仁,曾京,戴焕云,等.高速动车组线路运行适应性[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(6):37-43.LUO Ren,ZENG Jing,DAI Huanyun,et al.Running adaptability of high-speed EMU[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(6):37-43.
[3]徐腾养,池茂儒,田向阳,等.抗蛇行减振器内部油液温度对其动态特性的影响[J].机车电传动,2016,6:43-46.XU Tengyang,CHI Maoru,TIAN Xiangyang,et al.Influence of oil temperature of yaw damper on dynamic performance[J].Electric Drive for Locomotives,2016,6:43-46.
[4]孙琳,林化强,林鹏,等.北方高寒地区轨道车辆橡胶材料的力学特性分析[J].材料开发与应用,2016,31(6):88-92.SUN Lin,LIN Huaqiang,LIN Peng,et al.Mechanical properties analysis of rubber materials for rail vehicles in the north China[J].Development and Application of Materials,2016,31(6):88-92.
[5]王付胜,高新文,曹江勇,等.轨道车辆用耐低温橡胶减振元件的研究[J].铁道车辆,2012,50(11):22-24.WANG Fusheng,GAO Xinwen,CAO Jiangyong,et al.Research on low temperature resistant rubber damping elements for rail vehicles[J].Rolling Stock,2012,50(11):22-24.
[6]LENNART K.High-speed train operation in winter climate[R]//KTH Trains for Tomorrow’s Travellers Report,2011.
[7]罗仁,胡俊波,王一平.考虑随机因素的高速列车动力学模拟方法及应用[J].铁道车辆,2016(10):1-6,8.LUO Ren,HU Junbo,WANG Yiping.Dynamics simulation method and the application on high speed trains with consideration of random factors[J].Rolling Stock,2016(10):1-6,8.
[8]罗仁,李然,胡俊波,等.考虑随机参数的高速列车动力学分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(24):90-96.LUO Ren,LI Ran,HU Junbo,et al.Dynamic analysis of high-speed train with stochastic parameters[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(24):90-96.
[9]FACCHINETTI A,MAZZOLA L,ALFI S,et al.Mathematical modelling of the secondary airspring suspension in railway vehicles and its effect on safety and ride comfort[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2010,48(Suppl.1):429-449.
[10]高红星,池茂儒,朱旻昊,等.空气弹簧模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(4):108-115.GAO Hongxing,CHI Maoru,ZHU Minhao,et al.Study on air spring model[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(4):108-115.
[11]IMAN R,CAMPBELL J,HELTON J.An approach to sensitivity analysis of computer models.I-Introduction,input,variable selection and preliminary variable assessment[J].Journal of Quality Technology,1981,13:174-183.