海口港秀英港区航道泥沙淤积特征研究
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摘要
通过不同时期实测地形资料,对比分析了海口港秀英港区航道总体淤积特征及时空分布特征,探讨了航道淤积的影响因素及主要原因,对航道未来的淤积趋势进行了判断,提出了航道减淤对策分析。主要结论如下:秀英港航道淤积时空分布不均匀,空间分布上表现为由近岸向外海航道淤积由强变弱、航道边线淤积重于航道中线的特征,时间分布上有发生短时强淤的风险;航道淤积的主要原因包括大风浪掀起的底部高含沙水体进入航道、边坡向航道的泥沙转移、边坡坍塌、水体悬沙落淤、人工岛建设等;为减小航道淤积,可采取建设防沙潜堤、放缓航道边坡、增加备淤深度等措施。
Based on the measured terrain data in different periods, this paper presents a comparative analysis on the general characteristics of siltation and its spatial-temporal distribution over the waterway in the Xiuying Harbor District, Haikou Port. We discuss the influencing factors and major causes of sediment accumulation in this waterway, predict the possibility and trend of severe siltation in future, and suggest engineering countermeasures for siltation reduction. We conclude with the followings. The spatial and temporal distribution of deposits over the waterway is non-uniform, spatially characterized by stronger siltation in its nearshore channel than open sea channel, and stronger in its channel sideline than mid-channel, and temporally characterized by a risk of strong short-term siltation. Its main causes are intrusion of the bottom sediment-water mixture with high concentration caused by heavy storm waves, transport of the side slope sediment into the channel, collapsing of side slopes, settling of suspended sediment in the water body, and construction of artificial islands. To reduce siltation, we suggest constructing sand-proof embankment, reducing the waterway side slopes, and increasing silting depth, among other engineering measures.
Based on the measured terrain data in different periods, this paper presents a comparative analysis on the general characteristics of siltation and its spatial-temporal distribution over the waterway in the Xiuying Harbor District, Haikou Port. We discuss the influencing factors and major causes of sediment accumulation in this waterway, predict the possibility and trend of severe siltation in future, and suggest engineering countermeasures for siltation reduction. We conclude with the followings. The spatial and temporal distribution of deposits over the waterway is non-uniform, spatially characterized by stronger siltation in its nearshore channel than open sea channel, and stronger in its channel sideline than mid-channel, and temporally characterized by a risk of strong short-term siltation. Its main causes are intrusion of the bottom sediment-water mixture with high concentration caused by heavy storm waves, transport of the side slope sediment into the channel, collapsing of side slopes, settling of suspended sediment in the water body, and construction of artificial islands. To reduce siltation, we suggest constructing sand-proof embankment, reducing the waterway side slopes, and increasing silting depth, among other engineering measures.
引文
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[12]曹祖德,肖辉.淤泥质海岸外航道淤积计算[J].水运工程,2011(1):55-60.CAO Zude,XIAO Hui.Siltation calculation in outer channel on silty coast[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2011(1):55-60.(in Chinese)
[13]张庆河,侯凤林,夏波,等.黄骅港外航道淤积的二维数学模拟[J].中国港湾建设,2006(5):6-9.ZHANG Qinghe,HOU Fenglin,XIA Bo,et al.Two dimensional numerical simulation of siltation in outer channel of Huanghua harbour[J].China Harbour Engineering,2006(5):6-9.(in Chinese)
[14]匡翠萍,刘鹏晨,顾杰,等.黄骅港外航道整治工程对风暴潮流下泥沙输运的影响[J].泥沙研究,2014(1):39-46.KUANG Cuiping,LIU Pengchen,GU Jie,et al.Influence of Huanghua port regulation project on sediment transport under currents induced by storm surge[J].Journal of sediment Research,2014(1):39-46.(in Chinese)
[15]李孟国,赵洪波,郑敬云,等.瓯江口航道治理工程水沙环境问题研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(3):107-118.LI Mengguo,ZHAO Hongbo,ZHENG Jingyun,et al,Study on tidal current and sediment environment in Oujiang estuary caused by the entrance channel regulation project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(3):107-118.(in Chinese)
[16]朱龙海,徐永臣,王楠,等.莱州湾东部外航道回淤预测及影响因素[J].海洋科学,2015,39(6):72-80.ZHU Longhai,XU Yongchen,WANG Nan,et al.Siltation prediction and influencing factors of the outer channel in the eastern Laizhou bay[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(6):72-80.(in Chinese)
[17]孙连成,李伟.天津港南北防波堤延伸减淤效益[J].中国港湾建设,2005(5):34-36.SUN Liancheng,LI Wei.Benefit from siltation reduction due to extension of north and south breakwaters in Tianjin port[J].China Harbour Engineering,2005(5):34-36.(in Chinese)
[18]李平,朱大奎.波浪在黄河三角洲形成中的作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(2):39-46.LI Ping,ZHU Dakui.The role of wave action on the formation of Yellow River delta[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1997,17(2):39-46.(in Chinese)
[19]杨华.黄骅港外航道泥沙问题的治理及其效果[J].水道港口,2009,30(4):233-240.YANG Hua.Regulation and effect on siltation in outer channel of Huanghua harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2009,30(4):233-240.(in Chinese)
[2]赵永印,康苏海,李旺生.南海明珠二期建设对海口港3万吨级航道影响研究[J].水道港口,2013,34(4):311-316.ZHAO Yongyin,KANG Suhai,LI Wangsheng.Research on effect of Nanhaimingzhu artificial island on channel of Haikou Harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2013,34(4):311-316.(in Chinese)
[3]赵晓冬,李肖肖,罗小峰,等.长江口圆圆沙段12.5 m航道淤积原因分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(6):63-67.ZHAO Xiaodong,LI Xiaoxiao,LUO Xiaofeng,et al.Study on the sediment deposition in Yuanyuansha reach of12.5 m deepwater channel in Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(6):63-67.(in Chinese)
[4]陈可锋,陆培东,王乃瑞.整治工程影响下的河口拦门沙航道回淤特征及成因——以射阳港航道为例[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):240-248.CHEN Kefeng,LU Peidong,WANG Nairui.Study of back silting characteristics and mechanism of the channelmouth bar under the influence of regulating project:a case study of the Sheyang Estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):240-248.(in Chinese)
[5]黄李冰,李义天,孙昭华,等.长江口水流运动对悬沙分布的影响[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):55-62.HUANG Libing,LI Yitian,SUN Zhaohua,et al.Influence of water movement on the distribution of suspended sediment in the Yangtze estuary[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):55-62.(in Chinese)
[6]黄李冰,李义天,孙昭华,等.长江河口口外海滨区域悬沙浓度分布特征研究[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(6):155-161.HUANG Libing,LI Yitian,SUN Zhaohua,et al.Characteristics of suspended concentration in the offshore area of Yangtze estuary[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(6):155-161.(in Chinese)
[7]刘杰,程海峰,赵德招.长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤特征[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):358-365.LIU Jie,CHENG Haifneg,ZHAO Dezhao.Siltation characteristics of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel in Yangtze estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):358-365.(in Chinese)
[8]Cao Z D,Kong L S,Liu D F.Sediment movement in periodic alternating current[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2002,1(2):201-205.
[9]刘家驹.粉沙淤泥质海岸的航道淤积[J].水利水运工程学报,2004(1):6-11.LIU Jiaju.Silt siltation in approach channel of the coast with silty mud sediment[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2004(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
[10]罗肇森.波、流共同作用下的近底泥沙输移及航道骤淤预报[J].泥沙研究,2004(6):1-9.LUO Zhaosen.Sediment transport under the coexisting action of waves and currents and the prediction of sudden sedimentation in navigation channel[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2004(6):1-9.(in Chinese)
[11]曹祖德,杨华,侯志强.粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动和外航道淤积[J].水道港口,2008,29(4):247-252.CAO Zude,YANG Hua,HOU Ziqiang.Sand movement of silt-sandy beach and the outer navigation siltation[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2008,29(4):247-252.(in Chinese)
[12]曹祖德,肖辉.淤泥质海岸外航道淤积计算[J].水运工程,2011(1):55-60.CAO Zude,XIAO Hui.Siltation calculation in outer channel on silty coast[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2011(1):55-60.(in Chinese)
[13]张庆河,侯凤林,夏波,等.黄骅港外航道淤积的二维数学模拟[J].中国港湾建设,2006(5):6-9.ZHANG Qinghe,HOU Fenglin,XIA Bo,et al.Two dimensional numerical simulation of siltation in outer channel of Huanghua harbour[J].China Harbour Engineering,2006(5):6-9.(in Chinese)
[14]匡翠萍,刘鹏晨,顾杰,等.黄骅港外航道整治工程对风暴潮流下泥沙输运的影响[J].泥沙研究,2014(1):39-46.KUANG Cuiping,LIU Pengchen,GU Jie,et al.Influence of Huanghua port regulation project on sediment transport under currents induced by storm surge[J].Journal of sediment Research,2014(1):39-46.(in Chinese)
[15]李孟国,赵洪波,郑敬云,等.瓯江口航道治理工程水沙环境问题研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(3):107-118.LI Mengguo,ZHAO Hongbo,ZHENG Jingyun,et al,Study on tidal current and sediment environment in Oujiang estuary caused by the entrance channel regulation project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(3):107-118.(in Chinese)
[16]朱龙海,徐永臣,王楠,等.莱州湾东部外航道回淤预测及影响因素[J].海洋科学,2015,39(6):72-80.ZHU Longhai,XU Yongchen,WANG Nan,et al.Siltation prediction and influencing factors of the outer channel in the eastern Laizhou bay[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(6):72-80.(in Chinese)
[17]孙连成,李伟.天津港南北防波堤延伸减淤效益[J].中国港湾建设,2005(5):34-36.SUN Liancheng,LI Wei.Benefit from siltation reduction due to extension of north and south breakwaters in Tianjin port[J].China Harbour Engineering,2005(5):34-36.(in Chinese)
[18]李平,朱大奎.波浪在黄河三角洲形成中的作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(2):39-46.LI Ping,ZHU Dakui.The role of wave action on the formation of Yellow River delta[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1997,17(2):39-46.(in Chinese)
[19]杨华.黄骅港外航道泥沙问题的治理及其效果[J].水道港口,2009,30(4):233-240.YANG Hua.Regulation and effect on siltation in outer channel of Huanghua harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2009,30(4):233-240.(in Chinese)