獐岛和大鹿岛近岸海域悬沙浓度分布与输运特征
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摘要
为了解獐岛和大鹿岛近岸海域悬沙浓度的分布特征及其与潮流动力的关系,促进海岛生态环境保护和资源开发利用,文章通过样品采集和分析计算,研究相关海域悬沙浓度的平面和垂直分布特征、潮流场分布特征、悬沙浓度与潮流的动力关系以及全潮单宽输沙量。研究结果表明:大、小潮期的悬沙浓度均存在较明显的水平梯度,同一层水体大潮期的悬沙浓度大于小潮期;悬沙浓度呈近岸较高、向海逐渐降低的分布状态;悬沙浓度与海水涨落变化的关系非常密切,具有明显的周期性,垂直分布从表层到底层逐渐变大,垂直梯度近岸海域较大、远岸海域较小;涨潮流的流速明显大于落潮流,潮流运动形式按逆时针方向旋转,主流向大致呈NNE-SSW走向;远岸站位各层潮流流速的平均值略大于近岸站位,同一站位的潮流流速随水深的增加而有所降低;潮流变化使悬沙浓度出现周期性变化,悬沙浓度峰值出现在流速峰值后,且在落潮期更大;全潮单宽输沙量在大潮期和小潮期分别为151.7～1 017.9kg/d和146.3～931.9kg/d,净输沙方向均为西南向,即落潮方向。
In order to understand the distribution characteristics of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the local marine environment of Zhangdao island and Daludao island,and their relationship with tidal current dynamics,also promote the protection of island ecological environment and development and utilization of island resources,sample collection,analysis and calculation were used to study the plane and vertical the distribution characteristics of SSC,the distribution characteristics of tidal current field,the dynamic relationship between SSC and tidal current,thesediment discharge per unit width of whole tidal in this paper.The results showed that,there were obvious horizontal gradients of SSC during the period of spring tide and neap tide.The SSC of the same layer during the spring tide was higher than that of the neap tide.The SSC was relatively high in coastal ocean and decreased in the offshore area.The SSC was closely related to the fluctuation of ocean and had obvious periodicity,the vertical distribution increased from the surface to the bottom,the vertical gradient was larger in coastal ocean and smaller in the offshore area.The velocity in flood current was obviously larger than that in ebb current,the tidal current was mainly the rotary current and rotate in the counter clockwise direction,and the main direction was approximately NNE to SSW.The average current velocity at coastal ocean stations were slightly higher than that at the offshore area stations,and the current velocity at the same station decreased with the increase of water depth.The SSC varied periodically with the tidal current,the maximum SSC appeared after the maximum velocity and bigger at ebb tide.The sediment discharge per unit width of whole tidal was 151.7-1 017.9 kg/d during the period of spring tide and 146.3-931.9 kg/d during the period of neap tide,the direction of net sediment transport was south-west,which was the same to the direction of ebb tide.
In order to understand the distribution characteristics of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the local marine environment of Zhangdao island and Daludao island,and their relationship with tidal current dynamics,also promote the protection of island ecological environment and development and utilization of island resources,sample collection,analysis and calculation were used to study the plane and vertical the distribution characteristics of SSC,the distribution characteristics of tidal current field,the dynamic relationship between SSC and tidal current,thesediment discharge per unit width of whole tidal in this paper.The results showed that,there were obvious horizontal gradients of SSC during the period of spring tide and neap tide.The SSC of the same layer during the spring tide was higher than that of the neap tide.The SSC was relatively high in coastal ocean and decreased in the offshore area.The SSC was closely related to the fluctuation of ocean and had obvious periodicity,the vertical distribution increased from the surface to the bottom,the vertical gradient was larger in coastal ocean and smaller in the offshore area.The velocity in flood current was obviously larger than that in ebb current,the tidal current was mainly the rotary current and rotate in the counter clockwise direction,and the main direction was approximately NNE to SSW.The average current velocity at coastal ocean stations were slightly higher than that at the offshore area stations,and the current velocity at the same station decreased with the increase of water depth.The SSC varied periodically with the tidal current,the maximum SSC appeared after the maximum velocity and bigger at ebb tide.The sediment discharge per unit width of whole tidal was 151.7-1 017.9 kg/d during the period of spring tide and 146.3-931.9 kg/d during the period of neap tide,the direction of net sediment transport was south-west,which was the same to the direction of ebb tide.
引文
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[2]高敏,李九发,李占海,等.近期长江口南支河道洪季悬沙质量浓度时间变化及床沙再悬浮研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):30-37.
[3]邢飞,汪亚平,高建华,等.江苏近岸海域悬沙浓度的时空分布特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(3):459-468.
[4]张存勇,冯秀丽.连云港近岸海域悬沙质量浓度垂向时空变化特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(2):49-57.
[5]闵风阳,汪亚平,高建华,等.长江口北支的沉积物输运趋势[J].海洋通报,2010,29(3):264-270.
[6]SHI W,WANG M.Satellite observations of the seasonal sediment plume in central East China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2010,82:280-285.
[7]YANG Z S,JI Y J,BI N S,et a1.Sediment transport off the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta and in the adjacent Bohai Sea in winter and seasonal comparison[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93:173-181.
[8]QIAO S Q,SHI X F,ZHU A M,et a1.Distribution and transport of suspended sediments off the Yellow River(Huanghe)mouth and the nearby Bohai Sea[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2010,86:337-344.
[9]CHEN X L,LU J Z,CUI T W,et a1.Coupling remote sensing retrieval with numerical simulation for SPM study:taking Bohai Sea in China as a case[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2010,12:S203-S211.
[10]JIANG W S,POHLMANN T,SUN J,et a1.SPM transport in the Bohai Sea:field experiments and numerical modeling[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2004,44(3):175-188.
[11]冯秀丽,吴世强,林霖,等.黄河三角洲埕岛近岸海域悬浮泥沙运动[J].海洋科学,2003,27(12):66-70.
[12]英晓明,丁平兴.洋山港海域水体和悬沙输运机制研究[J].海洋通报,2011,30(2):135-141.
[13]周鸿权,孙昭晨,李伯根,等.浙江象山港海域悬沙质量浓度分布变化及其水动力影响分析[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):694-702.
[14]毕远溥,刘林林.辽宁省海岛地名志[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[15]刘明,张云,张笑,等.海岛堤坝修复对海滩稳定性的影响研究[J].环境与发展,2014(5):107-110.
[16]刘明,毕远溥,邹志利,等.獐岛防波堤修复对岸滩地形的影响研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2014,34(8):55-59.
[17]史莎娜,杨小雄,黄鹄,等.海岛生态修复研究动态[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(1):145-148.
[18]姚幸颖,孙翔,朱晓东.中国海岛生态系统保护与开发综合权衡方法初探[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(1):114-119.
[19]陈斌,周良勇,刘健,等.废黄河口海域潮流动力与悬沙输送特征[J].海洋科学,2011,35(5):73-81.
[20]陈沈良,谷国传.杭州湾口悬沙浓度变化与模拟[J].泥沙研究,2000(5):45-50.