象山近海表层沉积物重金属分布特征和生态风险评价
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摘要
浙江省象山东部的开阔海域接纳沉积了长江和浙北沿岸经济发达地区包括重金属污染物在内的入海物质.为全面了解象山近海沉积物重金属污染状况,基于2017年夏季54个采样点表层沉积物测试资料,分析其中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As、Cd等7种重金属元素的分布特征、影响因素和主要来源,并应用地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属元素进行污染状况和生态风险评价.结果表明:研究区Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、As、Cd平均质量分数分别为89. 860、36. 890、108. 740、32. 150、0. 041、6. 090和0. 134μg/g,研究区中部和韭山西北侧海域表层沉积物中的重金属含量较高,近岸区域和东南部外海区域含量较低. Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd受控于粒度和有机质分布,均以陆源输入为主; Hg、As以其他物质来源为主.主成分分析法将全部因子概括为3个主成分.地累积指数评价结果表明,象山近海表层沉积物中Cu和Cd属轻度污染;研究区中部大片区域具有中等潜在生态风险,主要生态风险因子为Hg和Cd.研究显示,象山近海仍以陆源输入型重金属污染物为主,同时受到海洋水动力、理化条件以及人类用海活动的影响.
Terrigenous clast and anthropogenic pollutants from the Yangtze River and Zhejiang coastal areas are deposited in surface sediments of the Xiangshan eastern sea area. Surface sediment samples were collected in 2017 and were analyzed to assess the heavy metal distributions,likely sources,contamination status and potential ecological risk using mathematical statistics methods,geologic enrichment index(Igeo) and potential ecological risks index(RI). The results showed that the average contents of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg,As,Cd were 89. 860,36. 890,108. 740,32. 150,0. 041,6. 090 and 0. 134 μg/g,respectively. The contents were higher in the north and west of the Jiushan Island area and lower in the outer and coastal areas. The distributions of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd were primarily controlled by the total organic carbon(TOC) and finer particles of the sediment(i.e. clay),and were mostly derived from terrestrial input of both natural crust and anthropogenic pollutants. Contrastingly,low correlations between Hg or As and other heavy metals and TOC indicated that they were mainly affected by human activities. Three principal factors for the heavy metals can be extracted,representing the impacts of source,marine environment and anthropogenic factors,respectively. The contamination degree of 7 heavy metals was arranged in the following order: Cu>Zn>Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb>As,while the order of the ecological risk was Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn,therefore Hg and Cd were the main ecological risk factors in the study area. In general,the potential ecological risk of heavy metals was moderate which illustrated that the marine environment in the study area was contaminated to a certain degree. The results were useful for authorities responsible for marine ecological environment protection and management.
Terrigenous clast and anthropogenic pollutants from the Yangtze River and Zhejiang coastal areas are deposited in surface sediments of the Xiangshan eastern sea area. Surface sediment samples were collected in 2017 and were analyzed to assess the heavy metal distributions,likely sources,contamination status and potential ecological risk using mathematical statistics methods,geologic enrichment index(Igeo) and potential ecological risks index(RI). The results showed that the average contents of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg,As,Cd were 89. 860,36. 890,108. 740,32. 150,0. 041,6. 090 and 0. 134 μg/g,respectively. The contents were higher in the north and west of the Jiushan Island area and lower in the outer and coastal areas. The distributions of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd were primarily controlled by the total organic carbon(TOC) and finer particles of the sediment(i.e. clay),and were mostly derived from terrestrial input of both natural crust and anthropogenic pollutants. Contrastingly,low correlations between Hg or As and other heavy metals and TOC indicated that they were mainly affected by human activities. Three principal factors for the heavy metals can be extracted,representing the impacts of source,marine environment and anthropogenic factors,respectively. The contamination degree of 7 heavy metals was arranged in the following order: Cu>Zn>Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb>As,while the order of the ecological risk was Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn,therefore Hg and Cd were the main ecological risk factors in the study area. In general,the potential ecological risk of heavy metals was moderate which illustrated that the marine environment in the study area was contaminated to a certain degree. The results were useful for authorities responsible for marine ecological environment protection and management.
引文
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