挡土墙侧向土压力中外确定标准的对比分析
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摘要
挡土墙侧向土压力分主动、静止和被动土压力,而实际各种土压力状态的形成与墙体相对于土体的位移大小和方向有关。国际上不同国家的设计标准就其计算方法进行了不同的规定,具体工程项目设计过程中如何选择尚未达成共识,工程师多凭过往工程经验或自身对规范的理解选择对应的计算方法。若遇分歧、便无定论,尤其是跨国工程设计更为甚之。通过对比分析欧洲、美国、中国香港及中国大陆规范,主要针对重力式、悬臂式和扶壁式挡土墙侧向土压力的确定标准和原则进行梳理、提炼和对比分析,拟从源头探讨挡土墙侧向土压力确定标准的统一性原则,以期对挡土墙结构设计和稳定性分析提供更具理论依据的计算方法。同时,研究结论还可为后续跨国工程的勘察设计提供必要的技术支撑。
There were three categories of lateral earth pressure which are active,at-rest and passive earth pressure,and each depends on the movement experienced by the vertical wall on which the pressure is acting. Meanwhile,there were a lot of differences between international design criteria for determining the lateral earth pressures against retaining structures. Therefore how to determine the lateral earth pressure in specific project in design process is an important issue. In this paper a summary of currently available criteria for the design of retaining structures,and a deep comparative analysis between international design criteria for lateral earth pressures against retaining structures have been done. This compilation includes criteria established by Europe,United States,Hong Kong and China.The objectives are to evaluate the consistency among different design criteria and proposed by agencies worldwide and determine selection criteria in specific project design process. The conclusions of this paper provide not only new principals for estimate of the lateral earth pressures against retaining structures,but also prescriptions for stability analyses of retaining structures including gravity wall,cantilever wall,and counterfort wall etc. The third but not the least value of this paper is that it can lay a solid foundation for engineers who are going to engage foreign engineering design.
There were three categories of lateral earth pressure which are active,at-rest and passive earth pressure,and each depends on the movement experienced by the vertical wall on which the pressure is acting. Meanwhile,there were a lot of differences between international design criteria for determining the lateral earth pressures against retaining structures. Therefore how to determine the lateral earth pressure in specific project in design process is an important issue. In this paper a summary of currently available criteria for the design of retaining structures,and a deep comparative analysis between international design criteria for lateral earth pressures against retaining structures have been done. This compilation includes criteria established by Europe,United States,Hong Kong and China.The objectives are to evaluate the consistency among different design criteria and proposed by agencies worldwide and determine selection criteria in specific project design process. The conclusions of this paper provide not only new principals for estimate of the lateral earth pressures against retaining structures,but also prescriptions for stability analyses of retaining structures including gravity wall,cantilever wall,and counterfort wall etc. The third but not the least value of this paper is that it can lay a solid foundation for engineers who are going to engage foreign engineering design.
引文
[1]汤劲松,熊保林.钢板桩围堰设计的土压力计算方法探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(S2):36-41.
[2]胡俊强,张永兴,陈林,等.非极限状态挡土墙主动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):381-387.
[3]魏永幸,罗一农,刘昌清.基于极限状态法的悬臂式挡土墙设计研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(11):6-9.
[4]杨广庆.加筋挡土墙合理设计方法的探讨[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(3):11-18.
[5]刘昌清,罗一农,魏永幸.基于极限状态法的锚杆挡土墙设计研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(11):15-19.
[6]薛丽影,杨文生.某高边坡桩基立柱锚拉式挡土墙设计[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S2):1176-1179.
[7]汪丁建,童龙云,邱岳峰.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土朗肯土压力分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3192-3196.
[8]王立国,王志凯.考虑土拱效应的挡土墙被动土压力分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(4):146-149.
[9]殷宗泽.土力学与地基[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[10]邵颖,杨振琨,赵丽华.挡土墙土压力计算美国规范与中国规范对比[J].人民黄河,2015,37(12):99-102.
[11]Eurocode 7:Geotechnical design-Part 1:General rules:BS EN 1997-1[S].[s.l]:[s.n],2004.
[12]Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)for Highway Bridge Substructures Reference Manual and Participant Workbook:FHWA HI-98-032[S].[s.l]:[s.n],2001.
[13]Guide to retaining wall design:GEOGUIDE 1-2000[S].The Government of the Hong Kong Special Ad-ministrative Region,2000.
[14]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路挡土墙设计与施工技术细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[15]张继周,王华敬,刘福胜,等.静止土压力系数的计算方法及影响因素分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2017,15(1):43-47.
[2]胡俊强,张永兴,陈林,等.非极限状态挡土墙主动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):381-387.
[3]魏永幸,罗一农,刘昌清.基于极限状态法的悬臂式挡土墙设计研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(11):6-9.
[4]杨广庆.加筋挡土墙合理设计方法的探讨[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(3):11-18.
[5]刘昌清,罗一农,魏永幸.基于极限状态法的锚杆挡土墙设计研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(11):15-19.
[6]薛丽影,杨文生.某高边坡桩基立柱锚拉式挡土墙设计[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S2):1176-1179.
[7]汪丁建,童龙云,邱岳峰.降雨入渗条件下非饱和土朗肯土压力分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3192-3196.
[8]王立国,王志凯.考虑土拱效应的挡土墙被动土压力分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(4):146-149.
[9]殷宗泽.土力学与地基[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[10]邵颖,杨振琨,赵丽华.挡土墙土压力计算美国规范与中国规范对比[J].人民黄河,2015,37(12):99-102.
[11]Eurocode 7:Geotechnical design-Part 1:General rules:BS EN 1997-1[S].[s.l]:[s.n],2004.
[12]Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)for Highway Bridge Substructures Reference Manual and Participant Workbook:FHWA HI-98-032[S].[s.l]:[s.n],2001.
[13]Guide to retaining wall design:GEOGUIDE 1-2000[S].The Government of the Hong Kong Special Ad-ministrative Region,2000.
[14]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路挡土墙设计与施工技术细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[15]张继周,王华敬,刘福胜,等.静止土压力系数的计算方法及影响因素分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2017,15(1):43-47.