论阎尔梅的悼亡诗
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摘要
阎尔梅乃是明清易代之际遗民中的翘楚,生性奇崛傲岸,眀亡后拒与清王朝合作,以明朝遗民自居不出仕清朝。其悼亡诗情感真挚,然长期以来学界缺乏关注。本文从思念之情、愧疚之情、悔恨之情、愤恨之情四个方面分析了阎尔梅悼亡诗之情感内涵,从魂灵、用典、对比三个方面揭示了其创作特色,进而指出阎尔梅悼亡诗独特之处在于能够将丧偶之悲与亡国之殇紧密结合起来,丰富了悼亡诗之内涵。在明清易代、山河破碎的背景下,阎尔梅悼亡诗的哀悼之情愈发真挚、愈发让人动容,在中国悼亡诗史上具有重要的认识价值和独特地位。
In the Dynasties of Ming and Qing,Yan Ermei with great talent refused to cooperate with the Qing dynasty after the fall of the Ming dynasty. He preferred to live alone as a survivor of a conquered nation rather than secure an official position in the Qing dynasty. Yan Ermei's elegy was sincere. This article reveals the emotional connotations of the elegy in four aspects,the feeling of yearning,the feeling of guilt,the feeling of regret,the feeling of resentment. The article also reveals Yan Ermei's feature from three aspects,soul,allusion,and contrast,and further points out the feature of his elegy that it is the close integration of the sadness of the bereaved parents and the grief of their nations fall. Therefore,Yan Ermei's elegy is more sincere and more emotional in dynasties of Ming and Qing,under the background of the country is in danger.
In the Dynasties of Ming and Qing,Yan Ermei with great talent refused to cooperate with the Qing dynasty after the fall of the Ming dynasty. He preferred to live alone as a survivor of a conquered nation rather than secure an official position in the Qing dynasty. Yan Ermei's elegy was sincere. This article reveals the emotional connotations of the elegy in four aspects,the feeling of yearning,the feeling of guilt,the feeling of regret,the feeling of resentment. The article also reveals Yan Ermei's feature from three aspects,soul,allusion,and contrast,and further points out the feature of his elegy that it is the close integration of the sadness of the bereaved parents and the grief of their nations fall. Therefore,Yan Ermei's elegy is more sincere and more emotional in dynasties of Ming and Qing,under the background of the country is in danger.
引文
[1]诗经·邶风·绿衣[M]//诗经(上):国风.王秀梅,译注.北京:中华书局,2015:51.
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[5]严迪昌.清诗史[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2002:133.
[2]元稹.元稹集[M].冀勤,点校.北京:中华书局,2015:112.
[3]邓之诚.清诗记事初编(上)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1984:90.
[4]阎尔梅.白耷山人诗集编年注[M].王汝涛,蔡生印,编注.北京:中国文联出版社,2002:291.
[5]严迪昌.清诗史[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2002:133.