基于情景意识量表和方差分析的高原驾驶人情景意识特征分析
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摘要
西藏地区的驾驶人是具有显著代表性的高原驾驶人。为了分析高原驾驶人情景意识特征,以西藏驾驶人为例,设计了情景意识量表(situation awareness rating technique,SART),基于调查数据、相关性分析和方差分析(analysis of variance,ANOVA)探讨了西藏驾驶人情景意识与事故之间关联性,以及西藏驾驶人情景意识影响因素。研究结果显示:西藏驾驶人情景意识与责任交通事故之间存在显著的负相关,责任交通事故与交通违法行为之间存在显著的正相关。性别、年龄、驾龄、驾驶里程、在西藏的驾驶时间以及驾车里程等指标处于不同水平时,西藏驾驶人的情景意识存在显著差异;且本地驾驶人与非本地驾驶人之间在整体上不存在情景意识差异。研究结果为高原驾驶人交通安全管理及相关研究提供一定的参考价值。
The driver of Tibet is a remarkable representative of the plateau driver. In order to analyze the characteristics of the drivers' situational awareness,the situational awareness scale named situation awareness rating technique( SART) was designed,and the correlation between the drivers' situational awareness and accident,and the influence factors of situational awareness were discussed based on data,correlation analysis and analysis of variance( ANOVA). The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the illegal traffic behavior and the traffic accident. There is a significant negative correlation between Tibetan drivers' situational awareness and responsible traffic accidents. When the indicators such as gender,age,driving experience,driving distance,driving time and driving distance in Tibet are at different levels,there is a significant difference in the situational awareness of the drivers in Tibet,and there is no significant difference in the overall situational awareness between the local drivers and non-local drivers. The research results can provide certain reference value for traffic safety management and related research of plateau drivers.
The driver of Tibet is a remarkable representative of the plateau driver. In order to analyze the characteristics of the drivers' situational awareness,the situational awareness scale named situation awareness rating technique( SART) was designed,and the correlation between the drivers' situational awareness and accident,and the influence factors of situational awareness were discussed based on data,correlation analysis and analysis of variance( ANOVA). The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the illegal traffic behavior and the traffic accident. There is a significant negative correlation between Tibetan drivers' situational awareness and responsible traffic accidents. When the indicators such as gender,age,driving experience,driving distance,driving time and driving distance in Tibet are at different levels,there is a significant difference in the situational awareness of the drivers in Tibet,and there is no significant difference in the overall situational awareness between the local drivers and non-local drivers. The research results can provide certain reference value for traffic safety management and related research of plateau drivers.
引文
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12马凯.考虑驾驶员心理因素的汽车ESP系统性能评价方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012Ma Kai.Research on vehicle electronic stability program performance evaluation method from the point of view of driver psychological factor[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012
13 Taylor R M.Situational awareness rating technique(SART):the development of a tool for aircrew systems design[C]//Proceedings of the AGARD AMP Symposium on Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations,CP478.Seuilly-sur Seine:NATO AGARD,1990:50-67
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2刘建蓓,马小龙,张志伟,等.基于心电分析的青藏高原驾驶人疲劳特性[J].交通运输工程学报,2016,16(4):151-158Liu Jianpei,Ma Xiaolong,Zhang Zhiwei,et al.Fatigue characteristics of driver in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on electrocardiogram analysis[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2016,16(4):151-158
3李天彪,艾力·斯木吐拉.高原公路驾驶员心率变异性试验分析[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(19):211-216Li Tianbiao,ELI Ismutulla.Experiment analysis of driver's hrv on plateau highway[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(19):211-216
4陈鹏,艾力·斯木吐拉.高原公路驾驶员应激反应能力分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(4):8-13Chen Peng,ELI Ismutulla.Analysis of plateau highway driver stress response capability[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(4):8-13
5王宏鹏,艾力·斯木吐拉.连续驾驶时间下高原驾驶员适宜性模糊聚类评价[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(10):314-319Wang Hongpeng,ELI Ismutulla.Fuzzy clustering evaluation method of plateau driver`s aptitude under influence of continuous driving time[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(10):314-319
6 Endsley M R.Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems[J].Human Factors,1995,37(37):65-84
7 Jones D G,Endsley M R.Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation[J].Aviation Space&Environmental Medicine,1996,67(6):507
8 Salas E,Prince C,Baker D P,et al.Situation awareness in team performance:Implications for measurement and training[J].Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society,2016,37(1):123-136
9 Underwood G,Ngai A,Underwood J.Driving experience and situation awareness in hazard detection[J].Safety Science,2013,56(7):29-35
10 Kass S J,Cole K S,Stanny C J.Effects of distraction and experience on situation awareness and simulated driving[J].Transportation Research Part F Psychology&Behaviour,2007,10(4):321-329
11 Katrahmani A,Ahmadi N,Romoser M.Using situation awareness as a measure of driver hazard perception ability[C]//Proceedings of the Ninth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment,Training and Vehicle Design.IA:Public Policy Center,University of Iowa,2017:256-262
12马凯.考虑驾驶员心理因素的汽车ESP系统性能评价方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012Ma Kai.Research on vehicle electronic stability program performance evaluation method from the point of view of driver psychological factor[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012
13 Taylor R M.Situational awareness rating technique(SART):the development of a tool for aircrew systems design[C]//Proceedings of the AGARD AMP Symposium on Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations,CP478.Seuilly-sur Seine:NATO AGARD,1990:50-67
14 de Waard D,Axelsson A,Berglund M,et al.Human factors:Asystem view of human,technology and organisation[M].Maastricht,the Netherlands:Shaker Publishing,2010:249-261
15冯忠祥,雷叶维,周穆雄,等.修订版驾驶愤怒量表在中国驾驶人中的效信度分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(4):141-145Feng Zhongxiang,Lei Yewei,Zhou Muxiong,et al.Validity and reliability of the revised driving anger scale for Chinese drivers[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Sciences),2016,35(4):141-145
16秦雅琴,刘振兴,隋英楠,等.基于风险驾驶情境的驾驶人风险意识量表的编制[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2016,40(1):1-5Qin Yaqin,Liu Zhenxing,Sui Yingnan,et al.Compilation of the driver's risk awareness questionnaires based on risk driving scenarios[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science&Engineering),2016,40(1):1-5