不同光谱杀虫灯对苹果园害虫诱杀效果及灯下昆虫种群结构分析
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摘要
为探明不同光谱杀虫灯对苹果园害虫的诱杀效果,评估不同光谱杀虫灯对果园昆虫种群的影响。利用3种不同光谱杀虫灯于2015年7—8月在天水地区进行了苹果园害虫诱杀试验。结果表明,多光谱及LED多光谱杀虫灯的杀虫数量及杀虫谱优于频振式杀虫灯;频振式、多光谱、LED多光谱杀虫灯诱杀昆虫修正益害比分别为1:16.39、1:28.57、1:21.80;LED多光谱杀虫灯对鞘翅目、同翅目、半翅目及双翅目害虫诱杀效果优于其他杀虫灯;群落多样性参数分析显示,3种杀虫灯诱杀昆虫的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)分别为3.9231、3.6982、3.8134,均匀度(J)为0.7082、0.6399、0.6770。频振式、多光谱、LED多光谱杀虫灯对苹果园害虫均具有较好的防治效果,对天敌及中性昆虫均有一定的诱杀效果,本研究为太阳能杀虫灯科学使用提供了参考依据。
To explore the trapping effects of the insecticidal lamps with different spectrum on pests in apple orchard,and evaluate the effects on insect population structures,the authors carried out a trapping pests experiment in an apple orchard by insecticidal lamps with 3 kinds of spectrum from July to August in 2015 in Tianshui.The results showed that:the insecticidal quantities and insecticidal spectrum of insecticidal lamps with multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum were much better than that of the insecticidal lamp with frequency vibration type;the revised natural enemies and pests ratio of the insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type,multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum was 1:16.39,1:28.57,1:21.80,respectively;the trapping effect of the insecticidal lamps with LED multi-spectrum on Coleoptera,Homoptera,Hemiptera and Diptera was better than that of the other lamps;parameter analysis of community diversity showed that:the Shannon-wiener index of trapping insect with the 3 kinds of insecticidal lamps was 3.9231,3.6982 and3.8134;the evenness index was 0.7082,0.6399 and 0.6770.The insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type,multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum all show a good control effect on pest in apple orchard,have a little trapping effect on natural enemies and neutral insects.This study provides a basis for scientific use of the solar insecticidal lamp.
To explore the trapping effects of the insecticidal lamps with different spectrum on pests in apple orchard,and evaluate the effects on insect population structures,the authors carried out a trapping pests experiment in an apple orchard by insecticidal lamps with 3 kinds of spectrum from July to August in 2015 in Tianshui.The results showed that:the insecticidal quantities and insecticidal spectrum of insecticidal lamps with multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum were much better than that of the insecticidal lamp with frequency vibration type;the revised natural enemies and pests ratio of the insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type,multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum was 1:16.39,1:28.57,1:21.80,respectively;the trapping effect of the insecticidal lamps with LED multi-spectrum on Coleoptera,Homoptera,Hemiptera and Diptera was better than that of the other lamps;parameter analysis of community diversity showed that:the Shannon-wiener index of trapping insect with the 3 kinds of insecticidal lamps was 3.9231,3.6982 and3.8134;the evenness index was 0.7082,0.6399 and 0.6770.The insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type,multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum all show a good control effect on pest in apple orchard,have a little trapping effect on natural enemies and neutral insects.This study provides a basis for scientific use of the solar insecticidal lamp.
引文
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[12]王文龙,许志春.不同波长杀虫灯监测落叶松毛虫的效果评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):175-179.
[13]梅象信,宋宏伟,卢绍辉,等.不同波段频振式杀虫灯诱集枣园害虫的效果比较[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(4):98-101.
[14]阿衣巴提·托列吾,穆肖云,张茂新,等.太阳能灭虫器对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(4):1033-1042.
[15]冯娜,范凡,陶晡,等.光谱对东亚小花蝽趋光行为的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4810-4815.
[16]陈晓霞,闫海燕,魏玮,等.光谱和光强度对龟纹瓢虫成虫趋光行为的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2349-2355.
[17]刘彦飞,于海利,仵均祥.梨小食心虫对LED光的趋性及影响因素的研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(3):735-741.
[18]程文杰,郑霞林,王攀,等.昆虫趋光的性别差异及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3351-3357.
[19]季香云,万年峰,蒋杰贤.杀虫灯诱杀昆虫的有效距离及生态学参数[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(3):669-674.
[20]马丽,尹翔宇,李鑫,等.套种苹果幼园8月份昆虫群落结构分析[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(6):95-98.
[21]冯琦.苹果园几种病虫害有机防控研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[22]张帆,郭晓军,王甦,等.水盆式性诱剂诱捕器对苹果园昆虫种群的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(2):265-268.
[23]方加兴,申卫星,孟宪鹏,等.泰山黑虎峪灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性的时间动态研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(6):867-872.
[24]陈学新,任顺祥,张帆,等.天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(1):9-18.
[2]李波,刘启航,周强.LED杀虫灯诱杀果园昆虫测试[J].农业工程,2013,3(S1):21-25.
[3]刘立春,朱白平,徐炜民,等.高效节能双波诱虫灯田间试验及应用效果[J].昆虫知识,2005,42(2):202-206.
[4]边磊,孙晓玲,高宇.昆虫光趋性机理及其应用进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(6):1677-1686.
[5]张广学,郑国,李学军,等.从保护生物多样性角度谈频振式杀虫灯的应用[J].昆虫知识,2004,41(6):532-535.
[6]宋昌琪,蓝建军,徐火忠.频振式杀虫灯在茶树害虫测报防治中的应用[J].昆虫知识.2005,42(3):324-325.
[7]王云梅,罗晓玲,杨馨,等.频振式杀虫灯在西昌市大棚蔬菜生产上的应用[J].西昌学院学报:自然科学版,2015,29(4):9-11.
[8]柯汉云,赵帅锋,邵美红,等.浙西北稻田灯下昆虫群落结构分析初报[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(7):280-28.
[9]涂海华,唐乃雄,胡秀霞,等.LED多光谱间歇发光太阳能杀虫灯对稻田害虫诱杀效果[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):193-197.
[10]郑方强,张晓华,曲诚怀,等.红富士苹果园害虫与天敌群落的定量分析[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):851-856.
[11]郭虹,韩献华,许志春.不同波长杀虫灯对鳞翅目害虫的诱杀效果[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(2):146-149.
[12]王文龙,许志春.不同波长杀虫灯监测落叶松毛虫的效果评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):175-179.
[13]梅象信,宋宏伟,卢绍辉,等.不同波段频振式杀虫灯诱集枣园害虫的效果比较[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(4):98-101.
[14]阿衣巴提·托列吾,穆肖云,张茂新,等.太阳能灭虫器对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49(4):1033-1042.
[15]冯娜,范凡,陶晡,等.光谱对东亚小花蝽趋光行为的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4810-4815.
[16]陈晓霞,闫海燕,魏玮,等.光谱和光强度对龟纹瓢虫成虫趋光行为的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2349-2355.
[17]刘彦飞,于海利,仵均祥.梨小食心虫对LED光的趋性及影响因素的研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(3):735-741.
[18]程文杰,郑霞林,王攀,等.昆虫趋光的性别差异及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3351-3357.
[19]季香云,万年峰,蒋杰贤.杀虫灯诱杀昆虫的有效距离及生态学参数[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(3):669-674.
[20]马丽,尹翔宇,李鑫,等.套种苹果幼园8月份昆虫群落结构分析[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(6):95-98.
[21]冯琦.苹果园几种病虫害有机防控研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014.
[22]张帆,郭晓军,王甦,等.水盆式性诱剂诱捕器对苹果园昆虫种群的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(2):265-268.
[23]方加兴,申卫星,孟宪鹏,等.泰山黑虎峪灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性的时间动态研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(6):867-872.
[24]陈学新,任顺祥,张帆,等.天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(1):9-18.