紫花苜蓿的水分响应及灌溉效应
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摘要
水资源短缺是制约我国西北地区农牧业发展的主要因素之一.紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是一种广泛种植的高产优质饲草作物,其水分谱较宽,但耗水较多,易受水分供应的影响.从生理生化特性、形态特征、需水耗水规律、饲草产量和品质等方面,探讨了紫花苜蓿生长和生产对土壤水分的响应以及灌溉效应.紫花苜蓿产量受土壤水分的显著影响,合理的灌水量和灌溉方式及灌溉时期都能显著改善饲草产量和品质;水分处理能够显著影响紫花苜蓿的株高和根、茎、叶生长,从而影响产量和品质;适当水分亏缺条件下,紫花苜蓿水分利用效率较高,而各个生长周期的耗水量则一定程度地降低.因此,在西北地区,实施灌溉对干旱地区紫花苜蓿饲草产量提高和品质改善有重要的调控作用,但需加强灌溉管理(如灌溉方式、灌水量、灌水时间/频次等).
Water shortage is one of the main factors restricting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the northwestern region of China. Alfalfa( Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated high-yield and high-quality forage crops. The water spectrum of alfalfa is wide,but there is a very high water consumption during the growth. Therefore,water supply shows impacts on the growth and production of alfalfa in practice,which restricts the extensive use of alfalfa. In this paper,the responses of alfalfa growth and production to soil moisture and the irrigation effect are summarized from the aspects of morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,water consumption and requirement,forage yield and quality. Alfalfa production is readily and significantly affected by soil moisture,and thus reasonable irrigation can significantly improve the yield and quality of forage. Water treatment can significantly affect the plant height and the growth of roots,stems and leaves of alfalfa,which,as a consequence,affects the yield and quality. There is high water use efficiency of alfalfa under medium water deficit and the water consumption in each growth cycle is reduced to a certain extent. Therefore,in the northwestern region,the irrigation plays an important role in improving forage yield and quality of alfalfa,but the irrigation to alfalfa grassland needs to be well managed.
Water shortage is one of the main factors restricting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the northwestern region of China. Alfalfa( Medicago sativa) is a widely cultivated high-yield and high-quality forage crops. The water spectrum of alfalfa is wide,but there is a very high water consumption during the growth. Therefore,water supply shows impacts on the growth and production of alfalfa in practice,which restricts the extensive use of alfalfa. In this paper,the responses of alfalfa growth and production to soil moisture and the irrigation effect are summarized from the aspects of morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,water consumption and requirement,forage yield and quality. Alfalfa production is readily and significantly affected by soil moisture,and thus reasonable irrigation can significantly improve the yield and quality of forage. Water treatment can significantly affect the plant height and the growth of roots,stems and leaves of alfalfa,which,as a consequence,affects the yield and quality. There is high water use efficiency of alfalfa under medium water deficit and the water consumption in each growth cycle is reduced to a certain extent. Therefore,in the northwestern region,the irrigation plays an important role in improving forage yield and quality of alfalfa,but the irrigation to alfalfa grassland needs to be well managed.
引文
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