冲击载荷下磁流变缓冲器的动力学行为
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摘要
传统力学模型很难准确预测冲击载荷下磁流变缓冲器的动力学行为,关键原因之一是未考虑惯性效应和局部损耗、或仅考虑其一。针对此问题,从理论与试验上研究分别考虑惯性效应、局部损耗,以及两者同时作用下的环形通道磁流变缓冲器动力学行为。基于Herschel-Bulkley (HB)本构模型,考虑惯性效应,利用平均惯性效应法,推导出环形通道内磁流变液的平均加速度与活塞杆加速度之间的关系,建立包含惯性效应的HB-Inertia (HBI)模型;考虑局部损耗,利用流体力学的相关理论,建立包含局部损耗的HB-Minor Losses (HBM)模型;综合考虑惯性效应和局部损耗的影响,提出同时包含惯性效应和局部损耗的HB-Inertia-Minor Losses(HBIM)模型。设计并制作一对参数相同的磁流变缓冲器,搭建落锤式冲击试验平台,将该对磁流变缓冲器并联,测试不同冲击速度和电流下的动力学行为。试验结果显示所设计的磁流变缓冲器具有良好的控制效果,且最大缓冲力高达75 kN。将试验结果与理论模型进行比较,发现HBI和HBM模型与试验结果有一定差异,而HBIM模型与试验结果吻合较好,表明惯性效应和局部损耗对缓冲器的力学特性都有影响,其中局部损耗的影响更大。
Traditional theoretical models are hard to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of the magnetorheological(MR)energy absorbers(MREAs)under impact loading.One of the key issues is that the inertia effect and minor losses are not taken into account,or only one is considered.Hence,the dynamic behavior of MREA with annular channel considering the inertia effect,minor loss and both are theoretically and experimentally studied,respectively.Based on the Herschel-Bulkley(HB)constitutive model,the relationship between the average acceleration of the MR fluid in the annular channel and the acceleration of the piston rod is deduced using average inertia effect method,and an HB model incorporating inertia effect(HBI)model is established.For the minor losses case,an HB-Minor Losses model(HBM)model is obtained via fluid mechanics analysis.At last,an HBIM model is proposed to jointly incorporate both the inertia effect and minor losses.Two MREAs with the same structure design are fabricated,and a drop tower is set up to test the two MREAs placed in parallel at different impact velocities and currents.The experimental results show that the MREAs possess a good dynamic range and the peak MREA force is up to 75 k N.Through comparison between the experimental and theoretical results,the HBIM models are able to better predict the dynamic behavior of the MREA under impact loading compared to HBI and HBM model.Finally,it can be concluded that both minor losses and inertia effect affect the MREA dynamic behavior but the former plays a more important role.
Traditional theoretical models are hard to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of the magnetorheological(MR)energy absorbers(MREAs)under impact loading.One of the key issues is that the inertia effect and minor losses are not taken into account,or only one is considered.Hence,the dynamic behavior of MREA with annular channel considering the inertia effect,minor loss and both are theoretically and experimentally studied,respectively.Based on the Herschel-Bulkley(HB)constitutive model,the relationship between the average acceleration of the MR fluid in the annular channel and the acceleration of the piston rod is deduced using average inertia effect method,and an HB model incorporating inertia effect(HBI)model is established.For the minor losses case,an HB-Minor Losses model(HBM)model is obtained via fluid mechanics analysis.At last,an HBIM model is proposed to jointly incorporate both the inertia effect and minor losses.Two MREAs with the same structure design are fabricated,and a drop tower is set up to test the two MREAs placed in parallel at different impact velocities and currents.The experimental results show that the MREAs possess a good dynamic range and the peak MREA force is up to 75 k N.Through comparison between the experimental and theoretical results,the HBIM models are able to better predict the dynamic behavior of the MREA under impact loading compared to HBI and HBM model.Finally,it can be concluded that both minor losses and inertia effect affect the MREA dynamic behavior but the former plays a more important role.
引文
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[3]SUN H X,WANG X Y,CHEN Z Q,et al.Wind-induced torsional vibration control effect of bridge with magnetorheological tuned liquid column damper[J].China Journal of Highway&Transport,2010,23(1):58-65.
[4]董小闵,彭少俊,于建强.自供电式汽车磁流变减振器特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(20):83-91.DONG Xiaomin,PENG Shaojun,YU Jianqiang.Study on self-powered magnetorheological damper characteristics for automobile[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(20):83-91.
[5]WOO D,CHOI S B,CHOI Y T,et al.Frontal crash mitigation using mr impact damper for controllable bumper[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2007,18(12):1211-1215.
[6]FU B,LIAO C,LI Z,et al.Impact behavior of a high viscosity magnetorheological fluid-based energy absorber with a radial flow mode[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2017,26(2):025025.
[7]MIKU?OWSKI G M.Adaptive impact absorbers based on magnetorheological fluids[D].Warsaw:Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences,2008.
[8]GHARAPURKAR A A.Robust semi-active control of aircraft landing gear system equipped with magnetorheological dampers[D].Montreal:Concordia University,2014.
[9]SINGH H J,WERELEY N M.Optimal control of gun recoil in direct fire using magnetorheological absorbers[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2014,23(5):055009.
[10]OUYANG Q,ZHENG J,LI Z,et al.Controllability analysis and testing of a novel magnetorheological absorber for field gun recoil mitigation[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2016,25(11):115041.
[11]胡红生,王炅,钱苏翔,等.冲击载荷下的磁流变减振器动力学建模与滑模控制[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(13):84-91.HU Hongsheng,WANG Jiong,QIAN Suxiang,et al.Dynamic modeling and its sliding controller of mr shock absorber under impact load[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(13):84-91.
[12]MAO M,HU W,CHOI Y T,et al.Experimental validation of a magnetorheological energy absorber design analysis[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2013,25(3):352-363.
[13]董小闵,丁飞耀,管治,等.面向高速的磁流变缓冲器多目标优化设计及性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(5):127-134.DONG Xiaomin,DING Feiyao,GUAN Zhi,et al.Multi-objective optimization and performance research of magneto-rheological absorber under high speed[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(5):127-134.
[14]鞠锐,廖昌荣,周治江,等.单筒充气型轿车磁流变液减振器研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(19):86-92.JU Rui,LIAO Changrong,ZHOU Zhijiang,et al.Car MRfluid shock absorber with mono-tube and charged-gas bag[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(19):86-92.
[15]WHITE F M.Fluid Mechanics[M].7th ed.New York:McGraw-Hill,2011.