连接低惯量系统的柔性直流输电模型预测控制
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摘要
针对低惯量系统频率稳定性控制需要,通过对与之相连接的柔性直流输电(VSCHVDC)系统的数学模型离散化,采用模型预测控制算法分别设计整流器和逆变器的控制系统。模型预测控制方法具有结构简单、参数选择便捷、动态响应快、鲁棒性好等特点,易于实现与VSC-HVDC相连的低惯量送端交流系统频率波动控制。分析基于模型预测控制的直流功率调制对系统频率变化的调节作用,并在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中建立仿真模型,对比分析传统PI双环控制直流功率调制方法和模型预测控制直流功率调制方法对交流系统频率的影响,仿真结果表明,VSC-HVDC模型预测控制方法能够有效抑制交流系统频率变化的幅度,加快频率恢复的速度。
Aiming at the need of controlling frequency stability of low inertia system, model predictive control is adopted to design the control systems of rectifier and inverter separately through discretizing the mathematical models of voltage source converter HVDC(VSC-HVDC). This kind of control system has simpler structure, convenient parameter selection, fast dynamic response, and better robustness. It is easy to realize the control of the frequency fluctuation in low inertia sending system connected with VSC-HVDC. The paper analyzed the effects of DC transmission power regulation on frequency power modulation, and set up the simulation model that the low inertia system was connected to VSC-HVDC. Comparative studies were demonstrated between power modulation methods of traditional PI control and model predictive control. The simulation results show that the model predictive control can restrain the range of the frequency change and increase the speed of the frequency recover effectively.
Aiming at the need of controlling frequency stability of low inertia system, model predictive control is adopted to design the control systems of rectifier and inverter separately through discretizing the mathematical models of voltage source converter HVDC(VSC-HVDC). This kind of control system has simpler structure, convenient parameter selection, fast dynamic response, and better robustness. It is easy to realize the control of the frequency fluctuation in low inertia sending system connected with VSC-HVDC. The paper analyzed the effects of DC transmission power regulation on frequency power modulation, and set up the simulation model that the low inertia system was connected to VSC-HVDC. Comparative studies were demonstrated between power modulation methods of traditional PI control and model predictive control. The simulation results show that the model predictive control can restrain the range of the frequency change and increase the speed of the frequency recover effectively.
引文
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[17]梁营玉,张涛,刘建政,等.模型预测控制在MMCHVDC中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):128-138.Liang Yingyu,Zhang Tao,Liu Jianzheng,et al.The applications of the model predictive control for MMC-HVDC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):128-138.
[18]许冬,韩民晓,杜旭,等.风电孤岛经混合三端直流送出的模型预测控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3195-3203.Xu Dong,Han Minxiao,Du Xu,et al.Model predictive control for VSC with wind farm connected in the hybrid three-terminal DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3195-3203.
[19]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.Bao Zhengjie,Li Shenghu.Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[2]张武其,吕洋.向弱电网供电的VSC-HVDC系统的模拟惯量控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(6):104-110.Zhang Wuqi,LüYang.Emulation inertia control strategy for VSC-HVDC supplying weak network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(6):104-110.
[3]Zhu J,Booth C D,Adam G P,et al.Inertia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[4]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.Bao Zhengjie,Li Shenghu.Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.
[5]Castro L M,Acha E.On the provision of frequency regulation in low inertia AC grids using HVDC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(6):2680-2690.
[6]席裕庚.预测控制[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.
[7]Riccardo Scattolini.Architectures for distributed andhierarchical model predictive control-areview[J].Journal of Process Control,2009,19(5):723-731.
[8]Lim C,Levi E,Jones M,et al.A comparative study of synchronous current control schemes based on FCS-MPC and PI-PWM for a two-motor three-phase drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3867-3878.
[9]Prodan I,Zio E.A model predictive control framework forreliable microgrid energy management[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2014(61):399-409.
[10]Sébastien Mariéthoz,Fuchs A,Morari M.A VSCHVDC decentralized model predictive control scheme for fastpower tracking[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):462-471.
[11]朱玲,符晓巍,胡晓波,等.模块化多电平变流器HVDC系统的模型预测控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(16):1-8.Zhu Ling,Fu Xiaowei,Hu Xiaobo,et al.Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter for HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(16):1-8.
[12]Egea-Alvarez A,Fekriasl S,Hassan F,et al.Advanced vector control for voltage source converters connected to weak grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3072-3081.
[13]熊凌飞,韩民晓,姚蜀军.锁相环对多端柔性直流稳定性作用分析及参数选择研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(16):203-212.Xiong Lingfei,Han Minxiao,Yao Shujun.Influence of PLL on the stability analysis of VSC-MTDC and parameter selection[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(16):203-212.
[14]梁营玉,张涛,刘建政,等.向无源网络供电的VSC-HVDC模型预测控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(11):78-89.Liang Yingyu,Zhang Tao,Liu Jianzheng,et al.Model predictive control for VSC-HVDC supplying passive networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(11):78-89.
[15]Vazquez S,Leon J I,Franquelo L G,et al.Model predictive control:a review of its applications in power electronics[J].IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine,2014,8(1):16-31.
[16]沈坤,章兢,王玲,等.三相电压型逆变器模型预测控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):283-289.Shen Kun,Zhang Jing,Wang Ling,et al.Model predictive control of three-phase voltage source inverter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):283-289.
[17]梁营玉,张涛,刘建政,等.模型预测控制在MMCHVDC中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):128-138.Liang Yingyu,Zhang Tao,Liu Jianzheng,et al.The applications of the model predictive control for MMC-HVDC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):128-138.
[18]许冬,韩民晓,杜旭,等.风电孤岛经混合三端直流送出的模型预测控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3195-3203.Xu Dong,Han Minxiao,Du Xu,et al.Model predictive control for VSC with wind farm connected in the hybrid three-terminal DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3195-3203.
[19]鲍正杰,李生虎.基于VSC-HVDC有功支援和自适应低频减载的区域电网频率控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(20):32-37.Bao Zhengjie,Li Shenghu.Frequency control for regional system based on active power support from VSC-HVDC and adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(20):32-37.