基于扩展意义单位理论的多维译义探讨——以“教育”为例
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摘要
译义是双语词典编撰的核心和灵魂。一些汉英词典内省式的译义模式以及词典间高度的依存性和模仿性特征大大降低了译义的表征效果。本文拟突破传统汉英词典译义理论的局限,以扩展意义单位理论为切入点,基于OPUS2平行语料库、国家语委现代汉语语料库和美国当代英语语料库,从搭配、类联接、语义趋向、语义韵四个层面对"教育"的动词义项进行形式、意义和功能三方面的考证,并且在此基础上,通过构式的多维译义重新表征"教育"。结果表明:相比teach,educate才是"教育"更合适的对等词。该研究不仅可以为改进汉英词典的译义质量和表征效果提供数据参考,同时对深化词典学研究也具有重大意义。
Translation is an important feature of the bilingual dictionary. However, the accuracy of translation is greatly weakened by the traditional models of some C-E dictionaries, which are based on intuitive methods in some respects, and on a high level of interdependence and imitative characteristics among dictionaries. This essay is going to propose a break from the limitations of translation theories used in the C-E dictionary. Firstly, it will start from the Extended Unit of Meaning Theory based on the OPUS2 parallel corpus, Modern Chinese Corpus, and Corpus of Contemporary American English. The goal is to investigate the characteristics of forms, senses, and functions of the verb "Jiaoyu" from four perspectives: collocation, colligation, semantic preferences, and semantic prosody. Moreover, the essay performs a translation of "Jiaoyu" using the construction-based multidimensional translation. The results show that compared to "teach", the words "educate", and "Jiaoyu" are more directly equivalent. The essay not only offers statistical data references to improve the quality and representative performance of C-E dictionaries, but also has a great significance for deepening lexicographical research.
Translation is an important feature of the bilingual dictionary. However, the accuracy of translation is greatly weakened by the traditional models of some C-E dictionaries, which are based on intuitive methods in some respects, and on a high level of interdependence and imitative characteristics among dictionaries. This essay is going to propose a break from the limitations of translation theories used in the C-E dictionary. Firstly, it will start from the Extended Unit of Meaning Theory based on the OPUS2 parallel corpus, Modern Chinese Corpus, and Corpus of Contemporary American English. The goal is to investigate the characteristics of forms, senses, and functions of the verb "Jiaoyu" from four perspectives: collocation, colligation, semantic preferences, and semantic prosody. Moreover, the essay performs a translation of "Jiaoyu" using the construction-based multidimensional translation. The results show that compared to "teach", the words "educate", and "Jiaoyu" are more directly equivalent. The essay not only offers statistical data references to improve the quality and representative performance of C-E dictionaries, but also has a great significance for deepening lexicographical research.
引文
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Hu,Wenfei.“A Theoretical Review of the Translation Model in Chinese-English Dictionary.”Lexicographical Studies,no.4,2011,pp.68-81.[胡文飞:《汉英词典释义模式的理论综述》,载《辞书研究》2011年第4期,第68-81页。]
Sinclair,J.M.“The search for units of meaning.”Textus,vol.9,no.1,1996,pp.75-106.
Wei,Naixing,et al.The Exploration of Comparative Phraseology.Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2014.[卫乃兴等:《对比短语学探索》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2014。]
Zhang,Yihua.“The Investigation of the Construction-based Multidimensional Translation.”Modern Foreign Languages,no.5,2015,pp.624-35,729-30.[章宜华:《基于论元结构构式的多维释义探讨》,载《现代外语》2015年第5期,第624-35,729-30页。]
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Hu,Wenfei.“A Theoretical Review of the Translation Model in Chinese-English Dictionary.”Lexicographical Studies,no.4,2011,pp.68-81.[胡文飞:《汉英词典释义模式的理论综述》,载《辞书研究》2011年第4期,第68-81页。]
Sinclair,J.M.“The search for units of meaning.”Textus,vol.9,no.1,1996,pp.75-106.
Wei,Naixing,et al.The Exploration of Comparative Phraseology.Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2014.[卫乃兴等:《对比短语学探索》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2014。]
Zhang,Yihua.“The Investigation of the Construction-based Multidimensional Translation.”Modern Foreign Languages,no.5,2015,pp.624-35,729-30.[章宜华:《基于论元结构构式的多维释义探讨》,载《现代外语》2015年第5期,第624-35,729-30页。]
[1]外语教学与研究出版社辞书部:《现代汉英词典》(新版)。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2001;德范克:《ABC汉英大词典》。上海:汉语大词典出版社,2003;惠宇:《新世纪汉英大词典(缩印版)》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004;安亚中:《汉英词典》。北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司,2006;王立非:《新汉英词典》。北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司,2007;王瑞晴、王宇欣:《汉英大词典(最新版)》。北京:外文出版社,2008;姚小平:《汉英词典(第三版)》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010;吴光华:《汉英大词典(第3版)》。上海:上海译文出版社,2010;吴景荣、程镇球:《新时代汉英大词典(第2版)》。北京:商务印书馆,2014。