新疆精河县生态变化评价及驱动力研究
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摘要
以1994、2002和2016年3期的Landsat遥感影像为基础数据源,借助新型遥感生态指数(RSEI),通过综合绿度、湿度、干度和热度4个指数和主成分分析,对精河县生态环境质量进行监测和评价。结果表明,以绿度、湿度、热度和干度为基础建立的RSEI指数具有一定的适用性,可较好地对精河县生态环境质量状况及其时空变化进行监测和评价。1994、2002和2016年RSEI指数均值分别为0.377、0.323和0.327,对RSEI指数进行分级处理后,发现流域生态环境质量较差等级居于主导地位,优等级有所减少,区内生态环境状况向差的方向发展。精河县人工绿洲扩张显著,天然绿洲面积减少,气候变化和人类活动共同作用于精河县的生态环境,生态环境质量变差受人为干扰影响较大。人口压力、城市化进程、不合理放牧、土地资源不合理配置、水资源低效利用等人为因素,仍是未来精河县生态环境建设需要协调的重点。
Based on the Landsat remote sensing images from 1994, 2002, and 2016, the ecological environment quality of Jinghe County was studied by using the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) to analyze Comprehensive Green, Humidity, Dryness and Heat Index and Principal Components. The results show that the RSEI index based on greenness, humidity, heat and dryness has certain applicability, and can better monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality and its temporal and spatial changes in Jinghe County. In 1994, 2002, and 2016, the average RSEI index was 0.377, 0.323 and 0.327, respectively, and after ranking the RSEI index, it was found that the "poor" quality of the ecological environment was dominant, the grade of "excellent" was reduced, the ecological environment in the area was developing to the bad direction. The artificial oasis in Jinghe County expanded remarkably, and the area of natural oasis decreased. Climate change and human activities have had combined effects on the ecological environment of Jinghe County. The deterioration of ecological environment quality is greatly affected by human disturbance. Population pressure, urbanization process, unreasonable grazing, rational allocation of land resources, inefficient utilization of water resources and other human factors are still the critical points to concern for future ecological environment construction in Jinghe County.
Based on the Landsat remote sensing images from 1994, 2002, and 2016, the ecological environment quality of Jinghe County was studied by using the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) to analyze Comprehensive Green, Humidity, Dryness and Heat Index and Principal Components. The results show that the RSEI index based on greenness, humidity, heat and dryness has certain applicability, and can better monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality and its temporal and spatial changes in Jinghe County. In 1994, 2002, and 2016, the average RSEI index was 0.377, 0.323 and 0.327, respectively, and after ranking the RSEI index, it was found that the "poor" quality of the ecological environment was dominant, the grade of "excellent" was reduced, the ecological environment in the area was developing to the bad direction. The artificial oasis in Jinghe County expanded remarkably, and the area of natural oasis decreased. Climate change and human activities have had combined effects on the ecological environment of Jinghe County. The deterioration of ecological environment quality is greatly affected by human disturbance. Population pressure, urbanization process, unreasonable grazing, rational allocation of land resources, inefficient utilization of water resources and other human factors are still the critical points to concern for future ecological environment construction in Jinghe County.
引文
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[12] 王东芳,张飞,周梅,等.近23年来LUCC影响下的精河县生态环境效应定量研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(14):3574-3580.[WANG Dong-fang,ZHANG Fei,ZHOU Mei,et al.Quantitative Research of the Ecological Environmental Effect in Jinghe County Under the Influence of LUCC in Recent 23 Years[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(14):3574-3580.]
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[15] 于海洋,张飞,曹雷.精河县土地利用/覆被变化及土地生态安全研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):348-353.[YU Hai-yang,ZHANG Fei,CAO Lei.Research of Land Use/Cover Change and Land Ecological Security in Jinghe County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(6):348-353.]
[16] GOWARD S N,XUE Y K,CZAJKOWSKI K P.Evaluating Land Surface Moisture Conditions From the Remotely Sensed Temperature/Vegetation Index Measurements:An Exploration With the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,79(2/3):225-242.
[17] 李博伦,遆超普,颜晓元.Landsat 8陆地成像仪影像的缨帽变换推导[J].测绘科学,2016,41(4):102-107.[LI Bo-lun,TI Chao-pu,YAN Xiao-yuan.Study of Derivation of Tasseled Cap Transformation for Landsat 8 OLI Images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(4):102-107.]
[18] SOBRINO J A,JIMéNEZ-MU?OZ J C,PAOLINI L.Land Surface Temperature Retrieval From LANDSAT TM 5[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):434-440.
[19] ROY P S,RIKIMARU A,MIYATAKE S.Tropical Forest Cover Density Mapping[J].Tropical Ecology,2002,43(1):39-47.
[20] XU H Q.A New Index for Delineating Built-Up Land Features in Satellite Imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(14):4269-4276.
[21] 沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068-1076.[SHEN Yong-ping,WANG Guo-ya.Key Findings and Assessment Results of IPCC WGI Fifth Assessment Report[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(5):1068-1076.]
[2] 石三娥,魏伟,杨东,等.基于RSEDI的石羊河流域绿洲区生态环境质量时空演变[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(4):1152-1163.[SHI San-e,WEI Wei,YANG Dong,et al.Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Eco-Environmental Quality in the Oasis of Shiyang River Basin Based on RSEDI[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(4):1152-1163.]
[3] 张雪琪,满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞.基于生态足迹改进模型的叶尔羌河平原绿洲生态安全评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(9):840-849.[ZHANG Xue-qi,MANSUR·Shabiti,MA Guo-fei.Appraisal of Ecological Security Based on Improved Ecological Footprint Model in Yarkant River Plain Oasis[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(9):840-849.]
[4] 徐涵秋.区域生态环境变化的遥感评价指数[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):889-897.[XU Han-qiu.A Remote Sensing Index for Assessment of Regional Ecological Changes[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(5):889-897.]
[5] 范建忠,李登科,董金芳.陕西省重点生态建设工程区植被恢复状况遥感监测[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):228-234.[FAN Jian-zhong,LI Deng-ke,DONG Jin-fang.Remote Sensing Analysis of Vegetation Restoration in Key Ecological Construction Areas of Shaanxi Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(7):228-234.]
[6] 乔琨,朱文泉,胡德勇,等.北京市不同功能区不透水地表时空变化差异[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2018-2031.[QIAO Kun,ZHU Wen-quan,HU De-yong,et al.Examining the Distribution and Dynamics of Impervious Surface in Different Functional Zones of Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(11):2018-2031.]
[7] 周榕,徐涵秋,林云杉.城市建成区地表热通量的遥感研究:以泉州市区为例[J].遥感信息,2006,21(6):50-54.[ZHOU Rong,XU Han-qiu,LIN Yun-shan.Remote Sensing Study on the Surface Heat Flux and Its Relationship With the Urban Heat Island:Taking Quanzhou City,SE China as Example[J].Remote Sensing Information,2006,21(6):50-54.]
[8] 徐涵秋.城市遥感生态指数的创建及其应用[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7853-7862.[XU Han-qiu.A Remote Sensing Urban Ecological Index and Its Application[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(24):7853-7862.]
[9] 吉力力·阿不都外力,徐俊荣,穆桂金,等.艾比湖盐尘对周边地区土壤盐分及景观变化的影响[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(6):928-939.[JILILI·Abuduwaili,XU Jun-rong,MU Gui-jin,et al.Effect of Soil Dust From Ebinur Lake on Soil Salts and Landscape of Surrounding Regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(6):928-939.]
[10] 王东芳,张飞,周梅,等.基于多种空间静态指标的土地生态安全评价:以精河县为例[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(2):753-759.[WANG Dong-fang,ZHANG Fei,ZHOU MEI,et al.Land Eco-security Assessment in the Jinghe County Based on a Variety of Spatial Static Indexes[J].Journal of Satety and Environment,2017,17(2):753-759.]
[11] 蒋烨林,王让会,彭擎,等.基于熵权物元模型的土壤养分评价:以新疆干旱区艾比湖流域人工绿洲为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(9):852-859.[JIANG Ye-lin,WANG Rang-hui,PENG Qing,et al.Soil Nutrients Evaluation Based on Entropy Weight and Matter Element(EWME) Model:A Case Study on Artificial Oasis in the Ebinur Lake Basin,an Arid Zone of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(9):852-859.]
[12] 王东芳,张飞,周梅,等.近23年来LUCC影响下的精河县生态环境效应定量研究[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(14):3574-3580.[WANG Dong-fang,ZHANG Fei,ZHOU Mei,et al.Quantitative Research of the Ecological Environmental Effect in Jinghe County Under the Influence of LUCC in Recent 23 Years[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(14):3574-3580.]
[13] 巴音达拉.基于熵值法和景观模型的精河县生态环境质量评价及预测研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2008.[BAYINDALA.Study on the Quality Assessment of Ecological Environment and Prediction in Jinghe Based on Entropy-Right Method and Landscape Model[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2008.]
[14] 毋兆鹏,王明霞,赵晓.精河流域1990—2011年土地荒漠化变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(1):192-197.[WU Zhao-peng,WANG Ming-xia,ZHAO Xiao.The Changes of Desertification From 1990-2011 in Jinghe Watershed[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(1):192-197.]
[15] 于海洋,张飞,曹雷.精河县土地利用/覆被变化及土地生态安全研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):348-353.[YU Hai-yang,ZHANG Fei,CAO Lei.Research of Land Use/Cover Change and Land Ecological Security in Jinghe County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(6):348-353.]
[16] GOWARD S N,XUE Y K,CZAJKOWSKI K P.Evaluating Land Surface Moisture Conditions From the Remotely Sensed Temperature/Vegetation Index Measurements:An Exploration With the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,79(2/3):225-242.
[17] 李博伦,遆超普,颜晓元.Landsat 8陆地成像仪影像的缨帽变换推导[J].测绘科学,2016,41(4):102-107.[LI Bo-lun,TI Chao-pu,YAN Xiao-yuan.Study of Derivation of Tasseled Cap Transformation for Landsat 8 OLI Images[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(4):102-107.]
[18] SOBRINO J A,JIMéNEZ-MU?OZ J C,PAOLINI L.Land Surface Temperature Retrieval From LANDSAT TM 5[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):434-440.
[19] ROY P S,RIKIMARU A,MIYATAKE S.Tropical Forest Cover Density Mapping[J].Tropical Ecology,2002,43(1):39-47.
[20] XU H Q.A New Index for Delineating Built-Up Land Features in Satellite Imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(14):4269-4276.
[21] 沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068-1076.[SHEN Yong-ping,WANG Guo-ya.Key Findings and Assessment Results of IPCC WGI Fifth Assessment Report[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(5):1068-1076.]