内尺度对光强闪烁激光雷达测量结果的影响
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摘要
利用Kolmogorov谱、修正Hill谱和Rytov改进模型三种大气湍流功率谱模型,得到了光强闪烁激光雷达探测路径上闪烁指数与大气折射率结构常数之间的关系。分析了不同内尺度下大气湍流强度的变化情况,并与不考虑内尺度的情况进行了比较。结合实验数据对比分析了内尺度对光强闪烁激光雷达在探测大气湍流时的影响程度,结果表明在内尺度的取值变化范围内,采用修正Hill谱时,理论上有限内尺度的折射率结构常数与不考虑内尺度时折射率结构常数的比值可达9,实验中传输距离为1020 m和2040 m的传输路径上两者最大偏差为0.4和0.1个量级;Rytov改进模型下,理论上有限内尺度的折射率结构常数与不考虑内尺度时折射率结构常数的比值可达6,实验中同样传输路径上两者最大偏差为0.6和0.3个量级。理论和实验结果表明:有限内尺度的折射率结构常数测量结果在一定程度上偏离不考虑内尺度的折射率结构常数,且影响程度与激光传输距离和内尺度的大小有关。因此,在光强闪烁激光雷达的大气湍流探测过程中,必须考虑内尺度效应。
By using three atmospheric turbulence power spectrum models,namely Kolmogorov spectrum、modified Hill spectrum and improved Rytov model,we obtain the relationship between scintillation index and atmospheric refractive index structure constant on detection path of residual turbulent scintillation lidar.Changes of turbulence intensity under difference inner scales are analyzed and compared with the situation that not considering the inner scale.The influence of inner scale on the detection of turbulence by residual turbulent scintillation lidar is analyzed according to experimental data.The results show that,in the range of inner scale,by using the modified Hill spectrum,the ratio of refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale to refractive index structure constant of not considering the inner scale is 9 in theory,and deviations are 0.4/0.1 orders in experiment at propagation distance of 1020 m and2040 m,respectively.When we use the improved Rytov model,the ratio of refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale to refractive index structure constant of not considering the inner scale is 6,and deviations are 0.6/0.3 orders in experiment at propagation distance of 1024 mand 2040 m,respectively.Theoretical and experimental results show that,to some extent,the refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale is deviated from the situation of not considering the inner scale,which is related to propagation distance and the magnitude of inner scale.Therefore,inner scale must be considered in the detection of residual turbulent scintillation lidar.
By using three atmospheric turbulence power spectrum models,namely Kolmogorov spectrum、modified Hill spectrum and improved Rytov model,we obtain the relationship between scintillation index and atmospheric refractive index structure constant on detection path of residual turbulent scintillation lidar.Changes of turbulence intensity under difference inner scales are analyzed and compared with the situation that not considering the inner scale.The influence of inner scale on the detection of turbulence by residual turbulent scintillation lidar is analyzed according to experimental data.The results show that,in the range of inner scale,by using the modified Hill spectrum,the ratio of refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale to refractive index structure constant of not considering the inner scale is 9 in theory,and deviations are 0.4/0.1 orders in experiment at propagation distance of 1020 m and2040 m,respectively.When we use the improved Rytov model,the ratio of refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale to refractive index structure constant of not considering the inner scale is 6,and deviations are 0.6/0.3 orders in experiment at propagation distance of 1024 mand 2040 m,respectively.Theoretical and experimental results show that,to some extent,the refractive index structure constant of the infinite inner scale is deviated from the situation of not considering the inner scale,which is related to propagation distance and the magnitude of inner scale.Therefore,inner scale must be considered in the detection of residual turbulent scintillation lidar.
引文
[1]Tatarskii V I.Wave propagation in a turbulent medium[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1961.
[2]Chernov L A,Silverman R A.Wave propagation in a random medium[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1960.
[3]Chen Z T,Liu D,Liu C,et al.Multi-longitudinalmode high-spectral-resolution lidar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(4):0401001.成中涛,刘东,刘崇,等.多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达研究[J].光学学报,2017,37(4):0401001.
[4]Hong G L,Li J T,Kong W,et al.935 nm differential absorption lidar system and water vapor profiles in convective boundary layer[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(2):0201003.洪光烈,李嘉唐,孔伟,等.935nm差分吸收激光雷达系统及对流边界层水汽廓线探测[J].光学学报,2017,37(2):0201003.
[5]Cui C L,Huang H H,Mei H P,et al.Turbulence scintillation lidar for acquiring atmospheric turbulence information[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(5):1091-1096.崔朝龙,黄宏华,梅海平,等.探测大气湍流的光强闪烁激光雷达[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(5):1091-1096.
[6]Tatarskii VI.The effects of the turbulent atmosphere on wave propagation[M].Jerusalem:Israel Program for Scientific Translations,1971.
[7]Miller W B,Andrews L C,Ricklin J C.Effects of the refractive index spectral model on the irradiance variance of a Gaussian beam[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1994,11(10):2719-2726.
[8]Andrews L C,Phillips R L.Laser beam propagation through random media[M].Bellingham:SPIE Press,2005.
[9]Luo Z M,Wu Z S,Guo L X,et al.Study of the scintillation for optical wave propagation in the slant path through the atmospheric turbulence by considering the inner scale effect[J].Journal of Xidian University,2002,29(4):455-460.骆志敏,吴振森,郭立新,等.考虑内尺度效应时光波闪烁的斜程传输研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(4):455-460.
[10]Guo L X,Luo Z M,Wu Z S.Calculation of the scintillation for optical wave propagation through the atmospheric turbulence and comparison with the experimental measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2002,17(3):273-276.郭立新,骆志敏,吴振森.湍流大气中光波闪烁的计算及实验测量比较[J].电波科学学报,2002,17(3):273-276.
[11]Yi X X,Guo L X,Wu Z S.Study on the optical scintillation for Gaussian beam propagation in the slant path through the atmospheric turbulence[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2005,25(4):433-438.易修雄,郭立新,吴振森.高斯波束在湍流大气斜程传输中的闪烁问题研究[J].光学学报,2005,25(4):433-438.
[12]Andrews L C,Miller W B.Single-pass and doublepass propagation through complex paraxial optical systems[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1995,12(1):137-150.
[13]Cheng L,Wei H Y,Zhang H J,et al.Scintillation index of echo wave in slant atmosphere turbulence[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(9):2262-2266.程玲,韦宏艳,张洪建,等.斜程大气湍流中激光回波的闪烁指数[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(9):2262-2266.
[14]Jia R,Wei H Y,Zhang H J,et al.Scintillation index of echo wave in slant atmosphere turbulence[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(11):1113001.贾锐,韦宏艳,张洪建,等.斜程大气湍流中点目标回波的闪烁研究[J].中国激光,2015,42(11):1113001.
[15]Zhao Q,Cui C L,Huang H H,et al.Light scintillation effect on double-pass path of liar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(10):1026011.赵琦,崔朝龙,黄宏华,等.激光雷达双程路径上的光波闪烁效应[J].光学学报,2016,36(10):1026011.
[16]Beran M J,Whitman A M.Scintillation index calculations using an altitude-dependent structure constant[J].Applied Optics,1988,27(11):2178-2182.
[17]Andrews L C,Phillips R L,Hopen C Y,et al.Theory of optical scintillation[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1999,16(6):1417-1429.
[18]Ma X S,Zhu W Y,Rao R Z.Comparison of refractive index structure constants of atmospheric turbulence deduced from scintillation and beam wander effects[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2007,19(4):538-542.马晓珊,朱文越,饶瑞中.利用闪烁和漂移效应测量大气折射率结构常数的对比分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2007,19(4):538-542.
[19]Ochs G R,Hill R J.Optical-scintillation method of measuring turbulence inner scale[J].Applied Optics,1985,24(15):2430-2432.
[20]Zhu W Y,Zhao Z L,Ma X S,et al.Optical method for simultaneously measuring refractive-index structure parameter and inner scale of atmospheric turbulence[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2005,17(10):1461-1464.朱文越,赵柱灵,马晓珊,等.同步测量大气湍流折射率结构常数和内尺度的光学方法[J].强激光与粒子束,2005,17(10):1461-1464.
[2]Chernov L A,Silverman R A.Wave propagation in a random medium[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1960.
[3]Chen Z T,Liu D,Liu C,et al.Multi-longitudinalmode high-spectral-resolution lidar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(4):0401001.成中涛,刘东,刘崇,等.多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达研究[J].光学学报,2017,37(4):0401001.
[4]Hong G L,Li J T,Kong W,et al.935 nm differential absorption lidar system and water vapor profiles in convective boundary layer[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2017,37(2):0201003.洪光烈,李嘉唐,孔伟,等.935nm差分吸收激光雷达系统及对流边界层水汽廓线探测[J].光学学报,2017,37(2):0201003.
[5]Cui C L,Huang H H,Mei H P,et al.Turbulence scintillation lidar for acquiring atmospheric turbulence information[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(5):1091-1096.崔朝龙,黄宏华,梅海平,等.探测大气湍流的光强闪烁激光雷达[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(5):1091-1096.
[6]Tatarskii VI.The effects of the turbulent atmosphere on wave propagation[M].Jerusalem:Israel Program for Scientific Translations,1971.
[7]Miller W B,Andrews L C,Ricklin J C.Effects of the refractive index spectral model on the irradiance variance of a Gaussian beam[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1994,11(10):2719-2726.
[8]Andrews L C,Phillips R L.Laser beam propagation through random media[M].Bellingham:SPIE Press,2005.
[9]Luo Z M,Wu Z S,Guo L X,et al.Study of the scintillation for optical wave propagation in the slant path through the atmospheric turbulence by considering the inner scale effect[J].Journal of Xidian University,2002,29(4):455-460.骆志敏,吴振森,郭立新,等.考虑内尺度效应时光波闪烁的斜程传输研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(4):455-460.
[10]Guo L X,Luo Z M,Wu Z S.Calculation of the scintillation for optical wave propagation through the atmospheric turbulence and comparison with the experimental measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2002,17(3):273-276.郭立新,骆志敏,吴振森.湍流大气中光波闪烁的计算及实验测量比较[J].电波科学学报,2002,17(3):273-276.
[11]Yi X X,Guo L X,Wu Z S.Study on the optical scintillation for Gaussian beam propagation in the slant path through the atmospheric turbulence[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2005,25(4):433-438.易修雄,郭立新,吴振森.高斯波束在湍流大气斜程传输中的闪烁问题研究[J].光学学报,2005,25(4):433-438.
[12]Andrews L C,Miller W B.Single-pass and doublepass propagation through complex paraxial optical systems[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1995,12(1):137-150.
[13]Cheng L,Wei H Y,Zhang H J,et al.Scintillation index of echo wave in slant atmosphere turbulence[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(9):2262-2266.程玲,韦宏艳,张洪建,等.斜程大气湍流中激光回波的闪烁指数[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(9):2262-2266.
[14]Jia R,Wei H Y,Zhang H J,et al.Scintillation index of echo wave in slant atmosphere turbulence[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(11):1113001.贾锐,韦宏艳,张洪建,等.斜程大气湍流中点目标回波的闪烁研究[J].中国激光,2015,42(11):1113001.
[15]Zhao Q,Cui C L,Huang H H,et al.Light scintillation effect on double-pass path of liar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(10):1026011.赵琦,崔朝龙,黄宏华,等.激光雷达双程路径上的光波闪烁效应[J].光学学报,2016,36(10):1026011.
[16]Beran M J,Whitman A M.Scintillation index calculations using an altitude-dependent structure constant[J].Applied Optics,1988,27(11):2178-2182.
[17]Andrews L C,Phillips R L,Hopen C Y,et al.Theory of optical scintillation[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,1999,16(6):1417-1429.
[18]Ma X S,Zhu W Y,Rao R Z.Comparison of refractive index structure constants of atmospheric turbulence deduced from scintillation and beam wander effects[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2007,19(4):538-542.马晓珊,朱文越,饶瑞中.利用闪烁和漂移效应测量大气折射率结构常数的对比分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2007,19(4):538-542.
[19]Ochs G R,Hill R J.Optical-scintillation method of measuring turbulence inner scale[J].Applied Optics,1985,24(15):2430-2432.
[20]Zhu W Y,Zhao Z L,Ma X S,et al.Optical method for simultaneously measuring refractive-index structure parameter and inner scale of atmospheric turbulence[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2005,17(10):1461-1464.朱文越,赵柱灵,马晓珊,等.同步测量大气湍流折射率结构常数和内尺度的光学方法[J].强激光与粒子束,2005,17(10):1461-1464.