欧龙布鲁克地块新元古代早期冰川事件:来自CIA指数的证据
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摘要
采自欧龙布鲁克地块全吉山、欧龙布鲁克山两个剖面全吉群下部砂砾岩段(包括麻黄沟组与枯柏木组)样品ICV指数大多数>1、或略<1,这表明该套碎屑岩沉积是构造活动地带的初始沉积。底部冰成岩发育层段样品CIA指数大多数在53左右,向上CIA指数增大至67左右,反映新元古代早期研究区古气候整体转暖。底部层段样品极低的CIA值表明欧龙布鲁克板块新元古代早期主要发生寒冷气候条件下的低等程度化学风化,首次从CIA指数角度证实研究区存在新元古代早期极端寒冷气候事件,为研究区受新元古代早期"雪球地球"事件影响提供了更进一步的证据。通过对前人年代学研究的总结,将这套含有大量低CIA值碎屑岩的冰川沉积地层沉积年限约束在780±20~740±16Ma范围内,并认为其与国际上的Kaigas冰期及塔里木地区贝义西冰期相对应。
Most of the ICV results on the collectted glutenite samples from the bottom of Quanji group( including Mahuanggou Formation and Kubaimu Formation),Quanji mountain and Oulongbuluke mountain outcrops in Oulongbuluke block,greater than 1 or less than 1. That means the glutenite sedimentary in the bottom of Quanji group is an initial sedimentary formed in the district with intense tectonic activity. CIA indexes of glacial rock samples that preserved in the bottom of Quanji group mostly around 53,then increase up to around 65 vertically,that reflects the ancient climate turned to warmer as a whole. These extremely low CIA indexes manifest a low degree of chemical weathering in cold climate condition occurred during the Early Neoproterozoic epoch,that makes us confirm the Early Neoproterozoic cold weathering climate influenced the study area from the perspective of CIA index for the first time and give out a further evidence for the study area was under the control of "snowball earth".With the summary on the previous chronology studies,we limit sedimentation time of glacial deposit formation with a large number of low CIA indexes glutenites during 780 ± 20 Ma to 740 ± 16 Ma and correspond it to the international Kaigas glacial epoch and Beiyixi glacial epoch.
Most of the ICV results on the collectted glutenite samples from the bottom of Quanji group( including Mahuanggou Formation and Kubaimu Formation),Quanji mountain and Oulongbuluke mountain outcrops in Oulongbuluke block,greater than 1 or less than 1. That means the glutenite sedimentary in the bottom of Quanji group is an initial sedimentary formed in the district with intense tectonic activity. CIA indexes of glacial rock samples that preserved in the bottom of Quanji group mostly around 53,then increase up to around 65 vertically,that reflects the ancient climate turned to warmer as a whole. These extremely low CIA indexes manifest a low degree of chemical weathering in cold climate condition occurred during the Early Neoproterozoic epoch,that makes us confirm the Early Neoproterozoic cold weathering climate influenced the study area from the perspective of CIA index for the first time and give out a further evidence for the study area was under the control of "snowball earth".With the summary on the previous chronology studies,we limit sedimentation time of glacial deposit formation with a large number of low CIA indexes glutenites during 780 ± 20 Ma to 740 ± 16 Ma and correspond it to the international Kaigas glacial epoch and Beiyixi glacial epoch.
引文
陈世悦,孙娇鹏,刘文平,张跃,庄毓凯,马帅,刘姚.2015.青海大煤沟新元古代冰碛岩的发现及地质意义.地层学杂志,39(1):81~88.
冯连君,储雪蕾,张启锐,张同钢.2003.化学蚀变指数(CIA)及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用.地学前缘,10(4):539~544.
冯连君,储雪蕾,张同钢,黄晶.2006.莲沱砂岩南华大冰期前气候转冷的沉积记录.岩石学报,22(9):2387~2393.
李怀坤,陆松年,王惠初,相振群,郑建康.2002.青海柴北缘新元古代超大陆裂解地质记录---全吉群.地质调查与研究,26(1):27~37.
李燕平,M.麦克威廉斯,谭承泽.1986.柴达木地体震旦系全吉群的古地磁研究.新疆地质,6(2):35~40.
刘兵,徐备,孟祥英,寇晓威,何金有,卫巍,米合.2007.塔里木板块新元古代地层化学蚀变指数研究及其意义.岩石学报,22(9):1664~1670.
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郝国杰,陆松年,辛后田,王惠初.2004.青海都兰地区前泥盆纪古陆块的物质组成和重大地质事件.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),34(04):495~501+516.
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孙娇鹏,陈世悦,彭渊,胡忠亚,庄毓凯,马帅,刘姚.2014a.全吉地区新元古代滨岸冰川沉积特征及地质意义.地质学报,88(07):1134~1140.
孙娇鹏,陈世悦,胡忠亚,刘文平,郭晨,马帅.2014b.柴东北缘古生代碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积相发育特征及组合模式研究.天然气地球科学,25(10):1586~1593.
王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,柳永清,唐烽,张传恒.2006a.用化学地层学研究新元古代地层划分和对比.地学前缘,13(6):268~279.
王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,唐烽,柳永清,刘鹏举.2006b.宜昌三斗坪地区南华系化学蚀变指数特征及南华系划分、对比的讨论.地质论评,52(5):577~585.
杨惠心,禹惠民,李鹏武.1992.柴达木地块古地磁研究及其演化.长春地质学院学报,22(4):420~426.
张启锐,储雪蕾.2007.南华系建系问题探讨.地层学杂志,31(03):222~228.
张启锐,储雪蕾,冯连君.2009.关于华南板块新元古代冰川作用及其古纬度的讨论.科学通报,54(7):978~980.
赵小明,刘圣德,张权绪,吴健辉,曾波夫,廖宗明,杨刚忠,李方会.2011.鄂西长阳南华系地球化学特征的气候指示意义及地层对比.地质学报,85(4):576~585.
赵彦彦,郑永飞.2011.全球新元古代冰期的记录和时限.岩石学报,27(2):545~565.
Allsopp H L,Ktlin E,Welke H J.1979.Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of late Precambrian-early Palaeozoic igneous activity in the Richtersveld(South Africa)and southern South West Africa.Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa,82:185~204.
Chen Shiyue,Sun Jiaopeng,Liu Wenping,Zhang Yue,Zhuang Yukai,Ma Shuai,Liu Yao.2015&.The discovery of Neoproterozonic tillite in the Dameigou region of Qinghai province and its geological significance.Journal of stratigraphy,39(1):81~88.
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Cullers R L.2002.The source and origin of terrigenous sedimentary rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ui group,southeastern Russia.Precambrian Research,117:157~183.
Cullers R L,Podkovyrov W M.2000.Geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic Lokhanda shales in southeastern Yakutia,Russia:implications for mineralogical and provenance control,recycling.Procambrian Research,104:77~93.
Fedo C M,Nesbtit H W.1995.Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosoles,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance.Geology,23:921~924.
Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei,Zhang Qirui,Zhang Tonggang.2003&.CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration)and its applications in the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks.Earth Science Frontiers,10(4):539~544.
Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei,Zhang Tonggang,Huang Jing.2006&.Liantuo sandstones:Sedimentary records under cold climate before the Nanhua big glaciations.Acta Petrol Sinica,22(9):2387~2393.
Frimmel H E,Klotzli U S,Siegfried P R.1996.New Pb-Pb single zircon age constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic glaciation and continental break-up in Namibia.Journal of Geology,104(4):459~469.
Hao Guojie,Lu Songnian,Xin Houtian,Wang Huichu.2004&.The constitution and importance geological events of Pre-Devonian in the Dulan,Qinghai.Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,34(4):495~501+516.
Key R M,Liyungu A K,Njamu F M,Somwe V,Banda J,Moseley P N,Armstrong R A.2001.The western arm of the Lufilian Arc in NWZambia and its potential for copper mineralistion.African Earth Science,33:503~528.
Li Huaikun,Lu Songnian,Wang Huichu,Xiang Zhenqun,Zheng Jiankang.2003#.Quanji Group:The geological record of the Rodinia supercontinent break-up in the Early Neoproterozoic preserved in the northern Qaidam margin,Qinghai,Northwest China.Geological Survey and Research,26(1):27~37.
Li Yanping,Michael Williams,Tan Chengze.1986&.The paleomagnetic study of the Quanji Group(Sinian)of the Chaidam Terrane.Xinjiang Geology,6(2):35~40.
Liu Bing,Xu Bei,Meng Xiangying,Kou Xiaowei,He Jinyou,Wei Wei,Mi He.2007&.Study on the chemical index of alteration of Neoproterozoic strata in the Tarim plate and its implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(12):1664~1667.
Lu Songnian,Li Huaikun,Zhang Chuanlin,Niu Guanghua.2007.Geological and geochronological evidence for the Precambrian evolution of the Tarim Craton and surrounding continental fragments.Precambrian Research,160(1):94~107.
Lu Songnian,Yu Haifeng,Zhao Fengqing.2002#.Preliminary Study on Precambrain Geology in the Northern Qinghai-Xinjiang Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~130.
Nesbitt H M,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299:715~717.
Panahi A,Young G M,Rainbird R H.2000.Behavior of major and trace elements(including REE)during Paleoprot erozoic pedogenesis and diagenetic alteration of an Archean granite near Ville Marie,Quebec.Canada,Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta,64:2199~2220.
Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.1991#.Regional geology of Qinghai Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~569.
Shen Bing,Xiao Shuhai,Zhou Chuanming,Alan J,Kaufman A J,Yuan Xunlai.2010.Carbon and sulfur isotope chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Quanji Group of the Chaidam Basin,NW China:Basin stratification in the aftermath of an Ediacaran glaciation postdating the Shuram event?Precambrian Research,177:241~252.
Sun Jiaopeng,Chen Shiyue,Hu Zhongya,Liu Wenping,Guo Chen,Ma Shuai.2014b&.Research on the mixed model and developmental characteristic of the clastic-carbonate diamictite facies in the northern Qaidam.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(10):1586~1593.
Sun Jiaopeng,Chen Shiyue,Peng Yuan,Zhuang Yukai,Ma Shuai,Liu Yao.2014a&.Sedimentary Characteristic of Neoproterozoic glaciomarine in the Quanji Area and its geological significance.Acta Geologica Sinica,88(07):1134~1140.
Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,Liu Yongqing,Tang Feng,Zhang Chuanheng.2006a.Chemostratigraphic studies to explain Neoproterozoic stratigraphic division and correlation.Earth Science Frontiers,13(6):268~279.
Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,Tang Feng,Liu Yongqing,Liu Pengju.2006&.The character of the chemical index of alteration and discussion of subdivision and correlation of the Nanhua System in Yichang Area.Geological Review,52(5):577~585.
Wedepohl K H.1969.Handbook of geochemistry.Berlin:Springer,248.
Xu Bei,Jian Ping,Zheng Haifei,Zou Haibo,Zhang Lifei,Liu Dunyi.2005.U-Pb zircon geochronology andgeochemistry of Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Tarim Block of northwest China:implications for the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent and Neoproterozoic glaciations.Precambrian Research,136:107~123.
Xu Bei,Xiao Shuhai,Zou Haibo,Chen Yan,Li Zhengxiang,Song Biao,Liu dunyi,Zhou Chuanming,Yuan Xunlai.2009.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age constraints on Neoproterozoic Quruqtagh diamictites in NWChina.Precambrian Research,168:247~258.
Yang Huixin,Yu Huimin,Li Pengwu.1992&.Palaeomagnetic study of Chaidam plate and its evolution.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(4):420~426.
Zhang Qirui,Chu Xuelei.2007&.Problems in defining the Nanhuan period.Journal of Stratigraphy,31(03):222~228.
Zhang Qirui,Chu Xuelei,Feng Lianjun.2009#.Discussion on the Neoproterozoic glaciations in the South China Block and their related paleolatitudes.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(7):978~980.
Zhao Xiaoming,Liu Shengde,Zhang Quanxu,Wu Jianhui,Zeng Bofu,Liao Zongming,Yang Gangzhong,Li Fanghui.2011&.Geochemical Characters of the Nanhua System in Changyang,Western Hubei Province and its Implication for Climate and Sequence Correlation.Acta Geologica Sinica,85(4):576~585.
Zhao Yanyan,Zheng Yongfei.2011&.Record and time of Neoproterozoic glaciations on Earth.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(2):545~565.
冯连君,储雪蕾,张启锐,张同钢.2003.化学蚀变指数(CIA)及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用.地学前缘,10(4):539~544.
冯连君,储雪蕾,张同钢,黄晶.2006.莲沱砂岩南华大冰期前气候转冷的沉积记录.岩石学报,22(9):2387~2393.
李怀坤,陆松年,王惠初,相振群,郑建康.2002.青海柴北缘新元古代超大陆裂解地质记录---全吉群.地质调查与研究,26(1):27~37.
李燕平,M.麦克威廉斯,谭承泽.1986.柴达木地体震旦系全吉群的古地磁研究.新疆地质,6(2):35~40.
刘兵,徐备,孟祥英,寇晓威,何金有,卫巍,米合.2007.塔里木板块新元古代地层化学蚀变指数研究及其意义.岩石学报,22(9):1664~1670.
陆松年,于海峰,赵风清.2002.青藏高原北部前寒武纪地质初探.北京:地质出版社,1~130.
郝国杰,陆松年,辛后田,王惠初.2004.青海都兰地区前泥盆纪古陆块的物质组成和重大地质事件.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),34(04):495~501+516.
青海地质矿产局.1991.青海省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1~569.
孙娇鹏,陈世悦,彭渊,胡忠亚,庄毓凯,马帅,刘姚.2014a.全吉地区新元古代滨岸冰川沉积特征及地质意义.地质学报,88(07):1134~1140.
孙娇鹏,陈世悦,胡忠亚,刘文平,郭晨,马帅.2014b.柴东北缘古生代碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积相发育特征及组合模式研究.天然气地球科学,25(10):1586~1593.
王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,柳永清,唐烽,张传恒.2006a.用化学地层学研究新元古代地层划分和对比.地学前缘,13(6):268~279.
王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,唐烽,柳永清,刘鹏举.2006b.宜昌三斗坪地区南华系化学蚀变指数特征及南华系划分、对比的讨论.地质论评,52(5):577~585.
杨惠心,禹惠民,李鹏武.1992.柴达木地块古地磁研究及其演化.长春地质学院学报,22(4):420~426.
张启锐,储雪蕾.2007.南华系建系问题探讨.地层学杂志,31(03):222~228.
张启锐,储雪蕾,冯连君.2009.关于华南板块新元古代冰川作用及其古纬度的讨论.科学通报,54(7):978~980.
赵小明,刘圣德,张权绪,吴健辉,曾波夫,廖宗明,杨刚忠,李方会.2011.鄂西长阳南华系地球化学特征的气候指示意义及地层对比.地质学报,85(4):576~585.
赵彦彦,郑永飞.2011.全球新元古代冰期的记录和时限.岩石学报,27(2):545~565.
Allsopp H L,Ktlin E,Welke H J.1979.Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of late Precambrian-early Palaeozoic igneous activity in the Richtersveld(South Africa)and southern South West Africa.Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa,82:185~204.
Chen Shiyue,Sun Jiaopeng,Liu Wenping,Zhang Yue,Zhuang Yukai,Ma Shuai,Liu Yao.2015&.The discovery of Neoproterozonic tillite in the Dameigou region of Qinghai province and its geological significance.Journal of stratigraphy,39(1):81~88.
Cox R,Low D R.1995.The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States.Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta,59:2919~2940.
Cullers R L.2002.The source and origin of terrigenous sedimentary rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ui group,southeastern Russia.Precambrian Research,117:157~183.
Cullers R L,Podkovyrov W M.2000.Geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic Lokhanda shales in southeastern Yakutia,Russia:implications for mineralogical and provenance control,recycling.Procambrian Research,104:77~93.
Fedo C M,Nesbtit H W.1995.Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosoles,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance.Geology,23:921~924.
Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei,Zhang Qirui,Zhang Tonggang.2003&.CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration)and its applications in the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks.Earth Science Frontiers,10(4):539~544.
Feng Lianjun,Chu Xuelei,Zhang Tonggang,Huang Jing.2006&.Liantuo sandstones:Sedimentary records under cold climate before the Nanhua big glaciations.Acta Petrol Sinica,22(9):2387~2393.
Frimmel H E,Klotzli U S,Siegfried P R.1996.New Pb-Pb single zircon age constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic glaciation and continental break-up in Namibia.Journal of Geology,104(4):459~469.
Hao Guojie,Lu Songnian,Xin Houtian,Wang Huichu.2004&.The constitution and importance geological events of Pre-Devonian in the Dulan,Qinghai.Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,34(4):495~501+516.
Key R M,Liyungu A K,Njamu F M,Somwe V,Banda J,Moseley P N,Armstrong R A.2001.The western arm of the Lufilian Arc in NWZambia and its potential for copper mineralistion.African Earth Science,33:503~528.
Li Huaikun,Lu Songnian,Wang Huichu,Xiang Zhenqun,Zheng Jiankang.2003#.Quanji Group:The geological record of the Rodinia supercontinent break-up in the Early Neoproterozoic preserved in the northern Qaidam margin,Qinghai,Northwest China.Geological Survey and Research,26(1):27~37.
Li Yanping,Michael Williams,Tan Chengze.1986&.The paleomagnetic study of the Quanji Group(Sinian)of the Chaidam Terrane.Xinjiang Geology,6(2):35~40.
Liu Bing,Xu Bei,Meng Xiangying,Kou Xiaowei,He Jinyou,Wei Wei,Mi He.2007&.Study on the chemical index of alteration of Neoproterozoic strata in the Tarim plate and its implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(12):1664~1667.
Lu Songnian,Li Huaikun,Zhang Chuanlin,Niu Guanghua.2007.Geological and geochronological evidence for the Precambrian evolution of the Tarim Craton and surrounding continental fragments.Precambrian Research,160(1):94~107.
Lu Songnian,Yu Haifeng,Zhao Fengqing.2002#.Preliminary Study on Precambrain Geology in the Northern Qinghai-Xinjiang Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~130.
Nesbitt H M,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299:715~717.
Panahi A,Young G M,Rainbird R H.2000.Behavior of major and trace elements(including REE)during Paleoprot erozoic pedogenesis and diagenetic alteration of an Archean granite near Ville Marie,Quebec.Canada,Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta,64:2199~2220.
Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.1991#.Regional geology of Qinghai Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1~569.
Shen Bing,Xiao Shuhai,Zhou Chuanming,Alan J,Kaufman A J,Yuan Xunlai.2010.Carbon and sulfur isotope chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic Quanji Group of the Chaidam Basin,NW China:Basin stratification in the aftermath of an Ediacaran glaciation postdating the Shuram event?Precambrian Research,177:241~252.
Sun Jiaopeng,Chen Shiyue,Hu Zhongya,Liu Wenping,Guo Chen,Ma Shuai.2014b&.Research on the mixed model and developmental characteristic of the clastic-carbonate diamictite facies in the northern Qaidam.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(10):1586~1593.
Sun Jiaopeng,Chen Shiyue,Peng Yuan,Zhuang Yukai,Ma Shuai,Liu Yao.2014a&.Sedimentary Characteristic of Neoproterozoic glaciomarine in the Quanji Area and its geological significance.Acta Geologica Sinica,88(07):1134~1140.
Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,Liu Yongqing,Tang Feng,Zhang Chuanheng.2006a.Chemostratigraphic studies to explain Neoproterozoic stratigraphic division and correlation.Earth Science Frontiers,13(6):268~279.
Wang Ziqiang,Yin Chongyu,Gao Linzhi,Tang Feng,Liu Yongqing,Liu Pengju.2006&.The character of the chemical index of alteration and discussion of subdivision and correlation of the Nanhua System in Yichang Area.Geological Review,52(5):577~585.
Wedepohl K H.1969.Handbook of geochemistry.Berlin:Springer,248.
Xu Bei,Jian Ping,Zheng Haifei,Zou Haibo,Zhang Lifei,Liu Dunyi.2005.U-Pb zircon geochronology andgeochemistry of Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Tarim Block of northwest China:implications for the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent and Neoproterozoic glaciations.Precambrian Research,136:107~123.
Xu Bei,Xiao Shuhai,Zou Haibo,Chen Yan,Li Zhengxiang,Song Biao,Liu dunyi,Zhou Chuanming,Yuan Xunlai.2009.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age constraints on Neoproterozoic Quruqtagh diamictites in NWChina.Precambrian Research,168:247~258.
Yang Huixin,Yu Huimin,Li Pengwu.1992&.Palaeomagnetic study of Chaidam plate and its evolution.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(4):420~426.
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