基于收敛–约束原理的大变形隧道初支更换时机优化研究
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摘要
山岭隧道的建设无法完全避免大变形灾害,侵限后大变形初支更换时机不当不仅会延误工期,而且有可能导致隧道塌方等事故造成二次危害。以云南安企村1号隧道塌方事件为背景,基于收敛–约束原理,分析隧道发生大变形并施加临时钢支撑后围岩与支护相互作用的应力变化,得到围岩在初支及临时钢支撑作用下的应力–变形关系。利用离散元软件3DEC,分析了不同处治时机对大变形隧道围岩应力及岩块与节理破坏情况的影响。在模型隧道拱顶沉降达到最终位移(当拱顶沉降速率小于等于0.2 mm/d)的70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、100%时进行变形初支更换,对重新平衡时隧道周围应力分布、岩块破坏量和节理破坏面积进行了统计。结果表明,拱顶沉降达到最终位移的90%时围岩应力与100%时基本相同;90%时换拱后重新达到稳定时节理破坏面积比在100%时换拱小,围岩应力与岩块破坏量与100%时基本相同,因此隧道大变形处治可以在围岩达到最终位移值前的一定范围时进行。研究结果不仅可以提高大变形处治过程的安全性,而且可以大大减少处治时间,具有重要的研究及施工参考价值。
The construction of mountain tunnel can not completely avoid the large deformation disaster. After tunnel invasion, the improper timing of the deformed first liner replacement will not only delay the construction period, but also possibly cause the secondary damage, such as tunnel collapse. Taking the collapse event of Anqicun No. 1 tunnel in Yunnan Province as the background, after the large deformation of the tunnel and the application of the temporary steel support, the stress curve and the stress-deformation relationship of the rock and support are analyzed based on the convergence-confinement principle. The influence of different treatment timing on the stress of rock and the failure of rock block and joint in large deformation tunnel is analyzed using the discrete element software 3 DEC. In this model, the deformed first liner is replaced when the settlement of the tunnel reaches 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the final displacement(the displacement when the deformation rate less than or equal to 0.2 mm/d). Then, the stress distribution, the amount of rock destruction and the area of joint failure are statistically analyzed. The results show that when the displacement of the vault settlement reaches 90% of the final displacement, the rock stress is almost as same as it reaches 100%. After the deformed first liner replacement completed and the tunnel become stable, the joint destruction area when replace in 90% is less than replace at 100%, and the rock failure amount are almost the same as replace at 100%. Therefore, the treatment can be carried out before the displacement reaches the final displacement. This research can not only improve the safety of large deformation treatment process, but also greatly reduce the treatment time, which has important reference value for research and construction.
The construction of mountain tunnel can not completely avoid the large deformation disaster. After tunnel invasion, the improper timing of the deformed first liner replacement will not only delay the construction period, but also possibly cause the secondary damage, such as tunnel collapse. Taking the collapse event of Anqicun No. 1 tunnel in Yunnan Province as the background, after the large deformation of the tunnel and the application of the temporary steel support, the stress curve and the stress-deformation relationship of the rock and support are analyzed based on the convergence-confinement principle. The influence of different treatment timing on the stress of rock and the failure of rock block and joint in large deformation tunnel is analyzed using the discrete element software 3 DEC. In this model, the deformed first liner is replaced when the settlement of the tunnel reaches 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% of the final displacement(the displacement when the deformation rate less than or equal to 0.2 mm/d). Then, the stress distribution, the amount of rock destruction and the area of joint failure are statistically analyzed. The results show that when the displacement of the vault settlement reaches 90% of the final displacement, the rock stress is almost as same as it reaches 100%. After the deformed first liner replacement completed and the tunnel become stable, the joint destruction area when replace in 90% is less than replace at 100%, and the rock failure amount are almost the same as replace at 100%. Therefore, the treatment can be carried out before the displacement reaches the final displacement. This research can not only improve the safety of large deformation treatment process, but also greatly reduce the treatment time, which has important reference value for research and construction.
引文
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[17]李生杰,谢永利,吴丹泽,等.穿越煤系地层隧道围岩大变形机制及处治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2013,32(增刊2):3501-3508.LI Sheng-jie,XIE Yong-li,WU Dan-ze,et al.Research on mechanism of large deformation and countermeasures of surrounding rocks of tunnel through coal strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2013,32(Supp.2):3501-3508.
[18]苏道振,骆建军.大断面软弱地层隧道施工围岩变形试验及预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2016,35(增刊2):4029-4039.SU Dao-zhen,LUO Jian-jun.Experimental study and prediction on large section tunnel construction deformation of surrounding rock in soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2016,35(Supp.2):4029-4039.
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[20]CUNDALL P A,HART R D.Analysis of block test No.1inelastic rock mass behavior.phase 2.A characterization of joint behavior(final report)[R].[s.n.],Subcontract Itasca Consulting Group,1984:957-957.
[21]BANDIS S,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1983,20(6):249-268.
[22]KULATILAKE P H S W,SHREEDHARAN S,SHERIZADEH T,et al.Laboratory estimation of rock joint stiffness and frictional parameters[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.2016,34(6):1723-1735.
[23]CUI Z,SHENG Q,LENG X.Control effect of a large geological discontinuity on the seismic response and stability of underground rock caverns:A case study of the baihetan#1 surge chamber[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2016,49(6):2099-2114.
[24]CUI Z,SHENG Q,LENG X.Analysis of S wave propagation through a nonlinear joint with the continuously yielding model[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2017,50:113-123.
[25]YAN X,KULATILAKE P H S W,SANDBAK L A.Investigation of rock mass stability around the tunnels in an underground mine in USA using three-dimensional numerical modeling[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2018,51:579-597.
[26]高艳华,吴顺川,王贺,等.基于持续屈服节理模型的节理直剪数值试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2016,47(4):1253-1261.GAO Yan-hua,WU Shun-chuan,WANG He,et al.Numerical simulation of joint direct shear test based on continuously yielding joint model[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(4):1253-1261.
[2]雷军,张金柱,林传年.乌鞘岭特长隧道复杂地质条件下断层带应力及变形现场监测分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(5):1367-1371.LEI Jun,ZHANG Jin-zhu,LIN Chuan-nian.Analysis of stress and deformation site-monitoring in fault zone of Wushaoling tunnel under complex geological conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2008,29(5):1367-1371.
[3]张宇,伍晓军,何川.位移向量方位趋势线在乌鞘岭隧道工程中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1448-1456.ZHANG Yu,WU Xiao-jun,HE Chuan.Study on application of displacement vector orientation trend line to Wushaoling tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1448-1456.
[4]孙钧,潘晓明.隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2012,31(10):1957-1968.SUN Jun,PAN Xiao-ming.Research on large squeezing deformation and its nonlinear rheological mechanical characteristics of tunnel with weak surrounding rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2012,31(10):1957-1968.
[5]LUO Yan-bin,CHEN Jian-xun,CHEN Yi,et al.Longitudinal deformation profile of a tunnel in weak rock mass by using the back analysis method[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,71:478-493.
[6]孙钧.对开展高地应力区岩性特征及隧洞围岩稳定研究的认识[J].岩石力学与工程学报.1988,7(2):185-188.SUN Jun.The understanding of the study of the lithologic characteristics of the highland stress zone and the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.1988,7(2):185-188.
[7]陆家梁.软岩巷道锚喷支护的适用性[J].光爆锚喷,1995,18(1):1-4.LU Jia-jie.Applicability of bolting and shotcrete support in soft rock tunnel[J].Light Blasting and Bolting Shotcreting,1995,18(1):1-4.
[8]冯豫.我国软岩巷道支护的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报.1990,7(2):42-44.FENG Yu.Research on soft rock roadway support in China[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering.1990,7(2):42-44.
[9]何满潮,齐干,程骋,等.深部复合顶板煤巷变形破坏机制及耦合支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):987-993.HE Man-chao,QI Gan,CHENG Cheng,et al.Deformation and damage mechanisms and coupling support design in deep coal roadway with compound roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):987-993.
[10]徐飞,李术才,石少帅,等.千枚岩隧道传统与新型支护结构现场对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(3):609-621.XU Fei,LI Shu-cai,SHI Shao-shuai,et al.Field test comparison of traditional and new type supporting structures in a phyllite tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(3):609-621.
[11]李术才,徐飞,李利平,等.隧道工程大变形研究现状、问题与对策及新型支护体系应用介绍[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1366-1376.LI Shu-cai,XU Fei,LI Li-ping,et al.State of the art:Challenge and methods on large deformation in tunnel engineering and introduction of a new type supporting system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1366-1376.
[12]关宝树.隧道地下工程概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2002.GUAN Shu-bao.An introduction to tunnel underground engineering[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2002.
[13]RABCEWICZ L V,HACKL E.The importance of measurements in cavity construction.part III.Experiences from the Tauern tunnel[M].Mauterdorf,Salzburg:[s.n.],1975.
[14]苟彪,张奕斌.新蜀河隧道炭质片岩大变形控制技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009,26(11):40-44.GOU Biao,ZHANG Yi-bin.Research on the control technology for large deformation of carbon schist of Xinshuhe tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society.2009,26(11):40-44.
[15]戴永浩,陈卫忠,田洪铭,等.大梁隧道软岩大变形及其支护方案研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2015,34(增刊2):4149-4156.DAI Yong-hao,CHEN Wei-zhong,TIAN Hong-ming,et al.Study of large deformation and support measures of Daliang tunnel with soft surrounding rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2015,34(Supp.2):4149-4156.
[16]窦继平,陈德健.苏家湾隧道初期支护变形侵限处理措施及施工工艺的研究[J].现代隧道技术.2014,51(6):154-159.DOU Ji-ping,CHEN De-jian.Study on treatment measures and construction technology of first support deformation in Sujia Bay tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology.2014,51(6):154-159.
[17]李生杰,谢永利,吴丹泽,等.穿越煤系地层隧道围岩大变形机制及处治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2013,32(增刊2):3501-3508.LI Sheng-jie,XIE Yong-li,WU Dan-ze,et al.Research on mechanism of large deformation and countermeasures of surrounding rocks of tunnel through coal strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2013,32(Supp.2):3501-3508.
[18]苏道振,骆建军.大断面软弱地层隧道施工围岩变形试验及预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2016,35(增刊2):4029-4039.SU Dao-zhen,LUO Jian-jun.Experimental study and prediction on large section tunnel construction deformation of surrounding rock in soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2016,35(Supp.2):4029-4039.
[19]李磊,谭忠盛,郭小龙,等.高地应力陡倾互层千枚岩地层隧道大变形研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2017,36(7):1611-1622.LI Lei,TAN Zhong-sheng,GUO Xiao-long,et al.Large deformation of tunnels in steep dip strata of interbedding phyllite under high geostresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2017,36(7):1611-1622.
[20]CUNDALL P A,HART R D.Analysis of block test No.1inelastic rock mass behavior.phase 2.A characterization of joint behavior(final report)[R].[s.n.],Subcontract Itasca Consulting Group,1984:957-957.
[21]BANDIS S,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1983,20(6):249-268.
[22]KULATILAKE P H S W,SHREEDHARAN S,SHERIZADEH T,et al.Laboratory estimation of rock joint stiffness and frictional parameters[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.2016,34(6):1723-1735.
[23]CUI Z,SHENG Q,LENG X.Control effect of a large geological discontinuity on the seismic response and stability of underground rock caverns:A case study of the baihetan#1 surge chamber[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2016,49(6):2099-2114.
[24]CUI Z,SHENG Q,LENG X.Analysis of S wave propagation through a nonlinear joint with the continuously yielding model[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2017,50:113-123.
[25]YAN X,KULATILAKE P H S W,SANDBAK L A.Investigation of rock mass stability around the tunnels in an underground mine in USA using three-dimensional numerical modeling[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2018,51:579-597.
[26]高艳华,吴顺川,王贺,等.基于持续屈服节理模型的节理直剪数值试验[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2016,47(4):1253-1261.GAO Yan-hua,WU Shun-chuan,WANG He,et al.Numerical simulation of joint direct shear test based on continuously yielding joint model[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(4):1253-1261.