川南上三叠统须家河组层序格架内成岩矿物发育特征及成岩演化规律
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摘要
通过岩石薄片分析、物性资料及扫描电镜等实验分析方法,结合钻井资料,对川南地区上三叠统须家河组储层自生成岩矿物在层序格架内的分布发育特征进行了详细研究。结果显示:(1)碳酸盐矿物、硅质胶结、环边绿泥石、黄铁矿及海绿石是研究区内须家河组砂岩主要的自生成岩矿物。碳酸盐胶结物可据形成时间分为早期碳酸盐矿物和晚期碳酸盐矿物,岩石中碳酸盐矿物含量与储层孔隙度负相关;自生硅质与储层孔隙关系较为复杂,这与硅质的来源及形成机制有关;环边绿泥石的发育对储层原生粒间孔的保存是有利的,然而对储层整体的孔隙度并没有积极意义。(2)各成岩矿物不同的沉淀机制影响着在层序格架内发育的位置,早期碳酸盐矿物的沉淀与沉积时水体性质有关,易于形成于基准面上升半旋回后期和下降半旋回早期,而成岩晚期的碳酸盐矿物的沉淀与岩石内部所含泥质和临近的泥页岩层中的黏土矿物转化有关,同时自生白云石在具海相沉积背景的须二段更加发育;硅质胶结在层序格架内的分布与泥质含量的高低有关,易于分布在基准面上升半旋回的晚期和下降半旋回;环边绿泥石、黄铁矿及海绿石受海(湖)侵作用明显,主要分布于基准面上升半旋回,不过海绿石多见于须二段的上升半旋回。(3)层序格架内砂体的成岩演化差异显著,根据各自生矿物的分布发育特征,川南须家河组储层上升半旋回更易于相对优质储层的发育。
Combined with well drilling data,through identifying thin section,porosity and permeability,scanning electron microscope,the distribution and development characteristics of authigenic diagenetic minerals of the Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in the southern Sichuan Basin were investigated. The results show as follows.(1) Carbonate cement,quartz cement,grain-coating cement,pyrite and glauconite are main diagenetic minerals in the study area. According to the forming time,carbonate cement can be divided into early carbonate cement and late carbonate cement,and the content of carbonate cement in sandstone shows an inverse relationship with porosity of reservoir. The relationship between quartz cement and reservoir porosity is complicate,which is related to the origin of quartz cement. Grain-coating chlorite is favorable to the preservation of the primary pore,but there is no positive relationship with reservoir porosity.(2) Distribution of diagenetic minerals in sequence is affected by the different precipitation mechanisms,the precipitation of early carbonate cement is related to the deposition water,which tend to form on the late period of the ascending half-cycle and the early period of descending half-cycle,the precipitation of late carbonate cement is related to the transform of clay minerals that contained in sandstone and adjacent mudstone,meanwhile,authigenic dolomite is more developed in the Xu2 Member with marine sedimentary environment background; distribution of quartz cement is related to the content of argillaceous,tend to distribute in late period of the ascending half-cycle and descending half-cycle. Grain-coating chlorite,pyrite and glaucontie are affected by transgression,mainly distributed in the ascending half-cycle,and glaucontie are more common in the ascending half-cycle of Xu2 Member.(3) The diagenetic evolution of sequence varies,according to the distribution and development characteristics of authigenic diagenetic minerals,relatively high quality reservoirs trend to development in the ascending half-cycle of the Xujiahe Fomration.
Combined with well drilling data,through identifying thin section,porosity and permeability,scanning electron microscope,the distribution and development characteristics of authigenic diagenetic minerals of the Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in the southern Sichuan Basin were investigated. The results show as follows.(1) Carbonate cement,quartz cement,grain-coating cement,pyrite and glauconite are main diagenetic minerals in the study area. According to the forming time,carbonate cement can be divided into early carbonate cement and late carbonate cement,and the content of carbonate cement in sandstone shows an inverse relationship with porosity of reservoir. The relationship between quartz cement and reservoir porosity is complicate,which is related to the origin of quartz cement. Grain-coating chlorite is favorable to the preservation of the primary pore,but there is no positive relationship with reservoir porosity.(2) Distribution of diagenetic minerals in sequence is affected by the different precipitation mechanisms,the precipitation of early carbonate cement is related to the deposition water,which tend to form on the late period of the ascending half-cycle and the early period of descending half-cycle,the precipitation of late carbonate cement is related to the transform of clay minerals that contained in sandstone and adjacent mudstone,meanwhile,authigenic dolomite is more developed in the Xu2 Member with marine sedimentary environment background; distribution of quartz cement is related to the content of argillaceous,tend to distribute in late period of the ascending half-cycle and descending half-cycle. Grain-coating chlorite,pyrite and glaucontie are affected by transgression,mainly distributed in the ascending half-cycle,and glaucontie are more common in the ascending half-cycle of Xu2 Member.(3) The diagenetic evolution of sequence varies,according to the distribution and development characteristics of authigenic diagenetic minerals,relatively high quality reservoirs trend to development in the ascending half-cycle of the Xujiahe Fomration.
引文
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7桂红,李松泽,胡望水,等.超低渗致密储层成岩相特征及其对产能控制作用---以麻黄山西区块长8油组油藏为例.科学技术与工程,2017;17(13):146-153Gui Hong,Li Songze,Hu Wangshui,et al.Ultra-low permeability reservoir diagenetic facies and productivity of Chang 8 Formation in West area of Mahuansghan,Ordos Basin.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(13):146-153
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18林良彪,陈洪德,翟常博,等.四川盆地西部须家河组砂岩组分及其古地理探讨.石油实验地质,2006;28(6):511-517Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Zhai Changbo,et al.Sandstone compositions and paleogeographic evolution of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin,China.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006;28(6):511-517
19钱利军,郝强,林良彪,等.川南地区上三叠统须家河组沉积特征与沉积演化模式.科学技术与工程,2016;16(3):28-35Qian Lijun,Hao Qiang,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and evolution model of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Southern Sichuan.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(3):28-35
20林良彪,陈洪德,胡晓强,等.四川盆地上三叠统构造层序划分及盆地演化.地层学杂志,2007;31(4):415-422Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Hu Xiaoqiang,et al.Classification of tectonic sequence and basin evolution of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin.Journal of Strastigraphy,2007;31(4):415-422
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22刘君龙,纪友亮,杨克明,等.川西须家河组前陆盆地构造层序及沉积充填响应特征.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015;39(6):11-23Liu Junlong,Ji Youliang,Yang Keming,et al.Tectono-stratigraphy and sedimentary infill characteristics of Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan foreland basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015;39(6):11-23
23王昌勇,郑荣才,李爽,等.四川盆地东部上三叠统须家河组地层划分与对比---以卧新双地区为例.地层学杂志,2017;41(1):94-102Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Li Shuang,et al.Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the early Triassic Xujiahe Formation,east Sichuan Basin:A case study of the Woxinshuang area.Journal of Strastigraphy,2017;41(1):94-102
24黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用.北京:地质出版社,2010Huang Sijing.Carbonate diagenesis.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010
25曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1986Zen Yunfu,Xia Wenjie.Sedimentary petrography.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986
26 Sun Z X,Sun Z L,Yao J,et al.Porosity preservation due to authigenic chlorite coatings in deeply buried Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation sandstones,Sichuan Baisn,western China.Journal of Petroleum Geology,2014;37(3):251-268
27刘四兵,黄思静,沈忠民,等.砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成岩流体演化和水岩模式---以川西孝泉-丰谷地区上三叠统须四段致密砂岩为例.中国科学:地球科学,2014;44(7):1403-1417Liu Sibing,Huang Sijing,Shen Zhongming,et al.Diagenetic evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone:An example from the reservoir sandstone of the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area,Sichuan Province,China.Science China:Earth Science,2014;44(7):1403-1417
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2 Higgs K E,King P R,Raine J I,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and controls on reservoir sandstone distribution in an Eocene marginal marine-coastal plain fairway,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012;32:110-137
3于兴河,李顺利,杨志浩.致密砂岩气储层的沉积-成岩成因机理探讨与热点问题.岩性油气藏,2015;27(1):1-13Yu Xinghe,Li Shunli,Yang Zhihao.Discussion on deposition-diagenesis genetic mechanism and hot issues of tight sandstone gas reservoir.Lithologic Reservoirs,2015;27(1):1-13
4黄思静,谢连文,张萌,等.中国三叠系陆相砂岩中自生绿泥石的形成机制及其与储层孔隙保存的关系.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004;31(3):273-281Huang Sijin,Xie Lianwen,Zhang Meng,et al.Formation mechanism of authigenic chlorite and relation to preservation of porosity in nonmarine Triassic reservoir sandstones,Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology),2004;31(3):273-281
5张哨楠,丁晓琪,万友利,等.致密碎屑岩中粘土矿物的形成机理与分布规律.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012;34(3):174-182Zhang Shaonan,Ding Xiaoqi,Wan Youli,et al.Formation mechanism and distribution of clay minerals of deeply tight siliciclastic reservoirs.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012;34(3):174-182
6韩京,陈波,张家铭,等.鄂西渝东地区志留系小河坝砂岩储层特征及成岩相研究.科学技术与工程,2016;16(30):52-60Han Jing,Chen Bo,Zhang Jiaming,et al.Reservoir characteristics and diagenetic facies of Xiaoheba Formation sandstone of Silurian in West Hubei to East Chongqing.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(30):52-60
7桂红,李松泽,胡望水,等.超低渗致密储层成岩相特征及其对产能控制作用---以麻黄山西区块长8油组油藏为例.科学技术与工程,2017;17(13):146-153Gui Hong,Li Songze,Hu Wangshui,et al.Ultra-low permeability reservoir diagenetic facies and productivity of Chang 8 Formation in West area of Mahuansghan,Ordos Basin.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(13):146-153
8 Posamentier H W,Jervey M T,Vail P R.Eustatic controls on clastic deposition,I-conceptual framework.Wilgus C K.Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication,1988:109-124
9 Posamentier H W,Allen G P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy-concepts and application.SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleonotology 7.Tulsa:SEPM,1999:210
10侯明才,陈洪德,田景春,等.层序地层学的研究进展.矿物岩石,2001;21(3):128-134Hou Mingcai,Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,et al.The progress of sequence stratigraphy.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2001;21(3):128-134
11 El-Ghali M A K,Morad S,Mansurbeg H,et al.Diagenetic alterations related to marine transgression and regression in fluvial and shallow marine sandstones of the Triassic Buntsandstein and Keuper sequence,the Paris Basin,France.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009;26:289-309
12 Friedman G M.Rapidly of marine carbonate cementation-implications for carbonate diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy:Perspective.Sedimentary Geology,1998;119:1-4
13 Ketzer M,Holz M,Morad S,et al.Sequence stratigraphic distribution of diagenetic alterations in coal bearing,paralic arenites:Evidence from the Rio Bonito Formation(early Permian),southern Brazil.Sedimentology,2003;50:855-877
14 El-Ghali M A K,Khoriby E E,Mansurbeg H,et al.Distribution of carbonate cements within depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework of shoreface and deltaic arenites,Lower Miocene,the Gulf of Suez rift,Egypt.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013;45:267-280
15 Kim J C,Lee Y I,Hisada K.Depositional and compositional controls on sandstone diagenesis,the Tetori Group(Middle JurassicEarly Cretaceous),central Japan.Sedimentary Geology,2007;195:183-202
16郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1996Guo Zhenwu,Deng Kangling,Han Yonghui,et al.Formation and evolution of the Sichuan Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996
17 Cai C,Worden R H,Bottrell S H,et al.Thermochemical sulphate reduction and the generation of hydrogen sulphide and thiols(mercaptans)in Triassic carbonate reservoirs from the Sichuan Basin,China.Chemical Geology,2003;202:39-57
18林良彪,陈洪德,翟常博,等.四川盆地西部须家河组砂岩组分及其古地理探讨.石油实验地质,2006;28(6):511-517Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Zhai Changbo,et al.Sandstone compositions and paleogeographic evolution of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin,China.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006;28(6):511-517
19钱利军,郝强,林良彪,等.川南地区上三叠统须家河组沉积特征与沉积演化模式.科学技术与工程,2016;16(3):28-35Qian Lijun,Hao Qiang,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and evolution model of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Southern Sichuan.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(3):28-35
20林良彪,陈洪德,胡晓强,等.四川盆地上三叠统构造层序划分及盆地演化.地层学杂志,2007;31(4):415-422Lin Liangbiao,Chen Hongde,Hu Xiaoqiang,et al.Classification of tectonic sequence and basin evolution of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin.Journal of Strastigraphy,2007;31(4):415-422
21郑荣才,李国晖,雷光明,等.四川盆地须家河组层序分析与地层对比.天然气工业,2011;31(6):12-20Zhen Rongcai,Li Guohui,Lei Guangming,et al.Sequence analysis and stratigraphic correlation of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2011;31(6):12-20
22刘君龙,纪友亮,杨克明,等.川西须家河组前陆盆地构造层序及沉积充填响应特征.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015;39(6):11-23Liu Junlong,Ji Youliang,Yang Keming,et al.Tectono-stratigraphy and sedimentary infill characteristics of Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan foreland basin.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015;39(6):11-23
23王昌勇,郑荣才,李爽,等.四川盆地东部上三叠统须家河组地层划分与对比---以卧新双地区为例.地层学杂志,2017;41(1):94-102Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Li Shuang,et al.Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the early Triassic Xujiahe Formation,east Sichuan Basin:A case study of the Woxinshuang area.Journal of Strastigraphy,2017;41(1):94-102
24黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用.北京:地质出版社,2010Huang Sijing.Carbonate diagenesis.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010
25曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1986Zen Yunfu,Xia Wenjie.Sedimentary petrography.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986
26 Sun Z X,Sun Z L,Yao J,et al.Porosity preservation due to authigenic chlorite coatings in deeply buried Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation sandstones,Sichuan Baisn,western China.Journal of Petroleum Geology,2014;37(3):251-268
27刘四兵,黄思静,沈忠民,等.砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成岩流体演化和水岩模式---以川西孝泉-丰谷地区上三叠统须四段致密砂岩为例.中国科学:地球科学,2014;44(7):1403-1417Liu Sibing,Huang Sijing,Shen Zhongming,et al.Diagenetic evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone:An example from the reservoir sandstone of the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area,Sichuan Province,China.Science China:Earth Science,2014;44(7):1403-1417
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