矢量瓦片支持下的在线交互可视化工具设计与实现
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摘要
针对在线地图制图过程中不仅注重成图速度,而且兼顾可视化效果的特点,本文提出了一种面向用户的网络地图在线交互可视化方法。该方法基于矢量瓦片技术,通过WFS发布GeoJSON格式矢量数据,将数据以渐进传输的方式缓存在客户端,用户在浏览器端编辑地图符号,确定地图符号与图层参数,将矢量数据转换成地图表达。基于该方法设计的在线交互可视化工具,充分利用WebGIS系统中客户端的CPU和GPU计算资源,通过脚本语言解析用户设置的样式信息,采用WebGL技术将内存中的矢量数据渲染成图并进行动态展示,降低了数据渲染对服务器的依赖,丰富了地图表达方式。
The online mapping not only pays attention to the mapping speed,but also takes into account the characteristics of visualization. To address this problem,this paper proposes an user oriented online interactive visualization method for network maps.The method is based on vector tile technology,gradually transmitted Geo JSON format data to the client side by WFS,and cached in the browser. Users can edit map symbols,determine the parameters of map symbols and layers at the browser and render vector data into graphics by this tool.The interactive online visualization tool bases on this method,which makes full use of the client CPU and GPU computing resources in Web GIS system.It resolves the user's setted style information through scripting language,and renders the vector data in memory into graphics and display dynamically by Web GL technology,which reduces the dependence of data rendering on the server side,enriches the way of map expression.
The online mapping not only pays attention to the mapping speed,but also takes into account the characteristics of visualization. To address this problem,this paper proposes an user oriented online interactive visualization method for network maps.The method is based on vector tile technology,gradually transmitted Geo JSON format data to the client side by WFS,and cached in the browser. Users can edit map symbols,determine the parameters of map symbols and layers at the browser and render vector data into graphics by this tool.The interactive online visualization tool bases on this method,which makes full use of the client CPU and GPU computing resources in Web GIS system.It resolves the user's setted style information through scripting language,and renders the vector data in memory into graphics and display dynamically by Web GL technology,which reduces the dependence of data rendering on the server side,enriches the way of map expression.
引文
[1]成晓强.面向应需制图的地图综合服务[D].武汉:武汉大学,2013.
[2]孟立秋.地图为人人,人人都制图[J].测绘科学技术学报,2012,29(5):313-320,391.
[3]赵飞,杜清运.现代专题地图制图研究进展与趋势分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(1):80-84.
[4]杨洪泉.大众电子地图的应用现状及发展趋势[J].测绘通报,2014,(11):37-41.
[5]ROUSE L J,BERGERON S J,HARRIS T M.Participating in the Geospatial Web:Collaborative Mapping,Social Networks and Participatory GIS[M]∥The Geospatial Web.London:Springer,2007:153-158.
[6]王刚.顾及要素特征的层次增量分块矢量数据组织与高效网络传输研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.
[7]杨必胜,李清泉.World Wide Web(WWW)上矢量地图数据的多分辨率传输算法[J].测绘学报,2005,34(4):355-360.
[8]朱秀丽,周治武,李静,等.网络矢量地图瓦片技术研究[J].测绘通报,2016,(11):106-109,117.
[9]黄瑞阳.地图符号共享关键技术研究[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2013.
[10]ANTONIOU V,MORLEY J,HAKLAY M.Tiled Vectors:A Method for Vector Transmission over the Web[M]∥Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems.Berlin:Heidelberg Springer,2009:56-71.
[11]霍亮,杨耀东,刘小勇,等.瓦片金字塔模型技术的研究与实践[J].测绘科学,2012,37(6):144-146.
[12]YANG B,PURVES R.Efficient Transmission of Vector Data over the Internet[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2007,21(2):215-237.
[13]孙晨龙,霍亮,高泽辉.基于矢量瓦片的矢量数据组织方法研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2016,39(4):122-124.
[14]MAIELLARO N,VARASANO A.One-page Multimedia Interactive Map[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geoinformation,2017:1-16.
[15]丁克奎,钟凯文,周旭斌,等.基于Web Socket和Geo JSON的Web GIS的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2015(2):109-112.
[16]陈德权.基于Geo JSON的WFS实现方式[J].测绘科学技术学报,2011,28(1):66-69.
[17]汪浩,田丰,张文俊.基于Web GL的交互平台设计与实现[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(8):119-122,128.
[18]曾兴国,任福,杜清运,等.公众参与式地图制图服务的设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(8):950-953,997.
[19]梅洋,李霖.顾及符号关系处理的地图符号库设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2007(8):66-70.
[2]孟立秋.地图为人人,人人都制图[J].测绘科学技术学报,2012,29(5):313-320,391.
[3]赵飞,杜清运.现代专题地图制图研究进展与趋势分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(1):80-84.
[4]杨洪泉.大众电子地图的应用现状及发展趋势[J].测绘通报,2014,(11):37-41.
[5]ROUSE L J,BERGERON S J,HARRIS T M.Participating in the Geospatial Web:Collaborative Mapping,Social Networks and Participatory GIS[M]∥The Geospatial Web.London:Springer,2007:153-158.
[6]王刚.顾及要素特征的层次增量分块矢量数据组织与高效网络传输研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2011.
[7]杨必胜,李清泉.World Wide Web(WWW)上矢量地图数据的多分辨率传输算法[J].测绘学报,2005,34(4):355-360.
[8]朱秀丽,周治武,李静,等.网络矢量地图瓦片技术研究[J].测绘通报,2016,(11):106-109,117.
[9]黄瑞阳.地图符号共享关键技术研究[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,2013.
[10]ANTONIOU V,MORLEY J,HAKLAY M.Tiled Vectors:A Method for Vector Transmission over the Web[M]∥Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems.Berlin:Heidelberg Springer,2009:56-71.
[11]霍亮,杨耀东,刘小勇,等.瓦片金字塔模型技术的研究与实践[J].测绘科学,2012,37(6):144-146.
[12]YANG B,PURVES R.Efficient Transmission of Vector Data over the Internet[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2007,21(2):215-237.
[13]孙晨龙,霍亮,高泽辉.基于矢量瓦片的矢量数据组织方法研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2016,39(4):122-124.
[14]MAIELLARO N,VARASANO A.One-page Multimedia Interactive Map[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geoinformation,2017:1-16.
[15]丁克奎,钟凯文,周旭斌,等.基于Web Socket和Geo JSON的Web GIS的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2015(2):109-112.
[16]陈德权.基于Geo JSON的WFS实现方式[J].测绘科学技术学报,2011,28(1):66-69.
[17]汪浩,田丰,张文俊.基于Web GL的交互平台设计与实现[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(8):119-122,128.
[18]曾兴国,任福,杜清运,等.公众参与式地图制图服务的设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(8):950-953,997.
[19]梅洋,李霖.顾及符号关系处理的地图符号库设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2007(8):66-70.