一种决策驱动的地图综合服务语义增强方法
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摘要
从地图综合经典决策模式出发,提出了"算子、算法、参量"的三层决策模式与WPS交互流程之间的隐性对应关系,并由此扩展到通用的服务链创建;然后,利用这种对应关系梳理了服务语义增强必需的4类语义描述信息;最后,使用该信息扩展了WPS规范。该方法归纳的语义信息简洁精确,可分层次嵌入WPS服务的交互流程,在顾及标准的同时提升了地图综合服务的语义互操作能力。
Web service and map generalization can improve syntactic and semantic interoperability however their collaboration remains unsolved.On the one hand,standards for geospatial information services are generic and do not consider the specific field,such as map generalization;on the other hand, the generalization of knowledge is too complex to systematically extract accurate information to enrich the semantics of a map generalization service.This paper aims to investigate the classical"operator-algorithm-threshold"decision mode,introducing an implicit correspondence between the mode and WPS interaction process,and further extending this to service chaining.Based on this implicit relationship, four kinds of information suitable for enriching generalization services are summarized and analyzed in detail.Finally,this semantic information mentioned above is used to extend the WPS specification.The semantic information in this study is concise and accurate enough to be embedded in the WPS interaction process hierarchically and thus improves the semantic interoperability of a map generalization service while taking the OGC standard into account.
Web service and map generalization can improve syntactic and semantic interoperability however their collaboration remains unsolved.On the one hand,standards for geospatial information services are generic and do not consider the specific field,such as map generalization;on the other hand, the generalization of knowledge is too complex to systematically extract accurate information to enrich the semantics of a map generalization service.This paper aims to investigate the classical"operator-algorithm-threshold"decision mode,introducing an implicit correspondence between the mode and WPS interaction process,and further extending this to service chaining.Based on this implicit relationship, four kinds of information suitable for enriching generalization services are summarized and analyzed in detail.Finally,this semantic information mentioned above is used to extend the WPS specification.The semantic information in this study is concise and accurate enough to be embedded in the WPS interaction process hierarchically and thus improves the semantic interoperability of a map generalization service while taking the OGC standard into account.
引文
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[5]Wang Jiayao,Qian Haizhong.Cartographic Generalization Knowledge and Its Application[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006(05):382-386(王家耀,钱海忠.制图综合知识及其应用[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(5):382-386)
[6]Stoter J,van Smaalen J,Bakker N,et al.Specifying Map Requirements for Automated Generalization of Topographic Data[J].Cartographic Journal,2009,46(3):214-227
[7]Edwardes A,Burghardt D,Neun M.Interoperability in Map Generalization Research[C].International Symposium on Generalization of Information,Berlin,2005
[8]Werder S.Formalization of Spatial Constraints[C].The 12th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science,Germany,2009
[9]Foerster T,Stoter J,Kobben B.Towards a Formal Classification of Generalization Operators[C].ICC,Moscow,2007
[10]Regnauld N.Evolving from Automating Existing Map Production Systems to Producing Maps on Demand Automatically[C].The 10th ICA Workshop on Generalization and Multiple Representation,Moscow,2007
[11]Gould N.An Ontological Approach to On-demand Mapping[C].The 15th Workshop of the ICA Commission on Generalisation and Multiple Representation,Turkey,2012
[12]Fitzner D,Hoffmann J,Klien E.Functional Description of Geoprocessing Services as Conjunctive Datalog Queries[J].Geoinformatica,2011,15(1):191-221
[13]Foerster T,Burghardt D,Neun M,et al.Towards an Interoperable Web Generalization Services Framework-Current Work in Progress[C].ICA Workshop on Generalization and Multiple Representation,Montpellier,France,2008
[14]Nash E.WPS Application Profiles for Generic and Specialised Processes[C].GI-Days,Munster,Germany,2008
[15]Yue P,Di L,Yang W,et al.Semantic Web Services-based Process Planning for Earth Science Applications[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(9):1 139-1 163
[2]ICA Commission on Generalisation and Multiple Representation.WebGen WPS Implementation,2012[EB/OL].http://kartographie.geo.tu-dresden.de/webgen_wps/,2013
[3]Touya G,Duchêne C,Ruas A.Collaborative Generalisation:Formalisation of Generalisation Knowledge to Orchestrate Different Cartographic Generalisation Processes[M]//Fabrikant S I,Reichenbacher T,van Kreveld M,et al.Geographic Information Science.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2010:264-278
[4]Lutz M.Ontology-Based Descriptions for Semantic Discovery and Composition of Geoprocessing Services[J].GeoInformatica,2007,11(1):1-36
[5]Wang Jiayao,Qian Haizhong.Cartographic Generalization Knowledge and Its Application[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006(05):382-386(王家耀,钱海忠.制图综合知识及其应用[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(5):382-386)
[6]Stoter J,van Smaalen J,Bakker N,et al.Specifying Map Requirements for Automated Generalization of Topographic Data[J].Cartographic Journal,2009,46(3):214-227
[7]Edwardes A,Burghardt D,Neun M.Interoperability in Map Generalization Research[C].International Symposium on Generalization of Information,Berlin,2005
[8]Werder S.Formalization of Spatial Constraints[C].The 12th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science,Germany,2009
[9]Foerster T,Stoter J,Kobben B.Towards a Formal Classification of Generalization Operators[C].ICC,Moscow,2007
[10]Regnauld N.Evolving from Automating Existing Map Production Systems to Producing Maps on Demand Automatically[C].The 10th ICA Workshop on Generalization and Multiple Representation,Moscow,2007
[11]Gould N.An Ontological Approach to On-demand Mapping[C].The 15th Workshop of the ICA Commission on Generalisation and Multiple Representation,Turkey,2012
[12]Fitzner D,Hoffmann J,Klien E.Functional Description of Geoprocessing Services as Conjunctive Datalog Queries[J].Geoinformatica,2011,15(1):191-221
[13]Foerster T,Burghardt D,Neun M,et al.Towards an Interoperable Web Generalization Services Framework-Current Work in Progress[C].ICA Workshop on Generalization and Multiple Representation,Montpellier,France,2008
[14]Nash E.WPS Application Profiles for Generic and Specialised Processes[C].GI-Days,Munster,Germany,2008
[15]Yue P,Di L,Yang W,et al.Semantic Web Services-based Process Planning for Earth Science Applications[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009,23(9):1 139-1 163