平台领导演化过程及机理——基于开放式创新生态系统视角
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摘要
平台理论已经成为战略管理领域非常热门的研究主题之一,但平台领导的演化过程及机理尚未得到理论解释。文章基于平台生命周期剖析平台领导演化过程及机理,研究发现,平台领导运行机制主要包括初创期的捕获猎取机制、发展期的连接整合机制及成熟期的赋能共创机制;平台架构、组件、用户基础、互补性系统是平台领导演化的资源基础;创业文化、扩张文化和共赢文化是平台领导演化的文化因素;技术标准环境、集成聚合环境、协同共创环境是平台领导演化的系统环境;平台架构创新和平台模块创新是平台领导演化的主要创新模式;网络效应推动平台用户基础的安装;价值主张、价值共创、价值共享是平台领导演化的价值驱动。
Platform theory has become one of the most popular research topics in the field of strategic management,it was still rare about the literatures on the evolution and mechanism of platform leaders. This article analyzed the strategic behavior characteristics of platform companies based on the platform life cycle,It researched the formation process and explored the driving mechanism for platform leaders. It has found that the evolution mechanism of platform leader mainly included capturing hunting,connection integration and empowerment to create; platform architecture,components,platform user installation,complementary systems were the resources foundation; Entrepreneurial culture,expansion culture and win-win culture were the cultural driving factor; technical standard environment,integrated polymerization environment, and collaborative creation environment were the formational system environment;platform architecture innovation and modular innovation were the main innovation modes; network effects promoted user installed;value proposition,value co-creation,and value sharing were the value driving factors for platform leaders' evolution.
Platform theory has become one of the most popular research topics in the field of strategic management,it was still rare about the literatures on the evolution and mechanism of platform leaders. This article analyzed the strategic behavior characteristics of platform companies based on the platform life cycle,It researched the formation process and explored the driving mechanism for platform leaders. It has found that the evolution mechanism of platform leader mainly included capturing hunting,connection integration and empowerment to create; platform architecture,components,platform user installation,complementary systems were the resources foundation; Entrepreneurial culture,expansion culture and win-win culture were the cultural driving factor; technical standard environment,integrated polymerization environment, and collaborative creation environment were the formational system environment;platform architecture innovation and modular innovation were the main innovation modes; network effects promoted user installed;value proposition,value co-creation,and value sharing were the value driving factors for platform leaders' evolution.
引文
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[29]许庆瑞,吴志岩,陈力田.转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析——海尔集团1984—2013年的纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,2013(4):121-134.
[30]谢康,吴瑶,肖静华,等.组织变革中的战略风险控制——基于企业互联网转型的多案例研究[J].管理世界,2016(2):133-148.
[31]TIWANA A. Evolutionary competition in platform ecosystems[J].Information systems research,2015,26(2):266-281.
[32]BOSCH-SIJTSEMA P M,BOSCH J. Plays nice with others? Multiple ecosystems,various roles and divergent engagement models[J].Technology analysis&strategic management,2015,27(8):960-974.
[33]RONG K,HU G,LIN Y,et al. Understanding business ecosystem using a 6C framework in Internet-of-things-based sectors[J].International journal of production economics,2015,159:41-55.
[34]ADNER R,KAPOOR R. Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution:re-examining technology S-curves[J].Strategic management journal,2016,37(4):625-648.
[2]MCINTYRE D P,SRINIVASAN A. Networks,platforms,and strategy:emerging views and next steps[J].Strategic management journal,2017,38(1):141-160.
[3]VAN ALSTYNE M W,PARKER G G,CHOUDARY S P. Pipelines,platforms,and the new rules of strategy[J].Harvard business review,2016,94(4):54-62.
[4]JACOBIDES M G,CENNAMO C,GAWER A. Towards a theory of ecosystems[J]. Strategic management journal,2018,39(8):2255-2276.
[5]PARKER G,VAN ALSTYNE M,JIANG X. Platform ecosystems:how developers invert the firm[J].Management information systems quarterly,2017,41(1):255-266.
[6]PARKER G,VAN ALSTYNE M. Innovation,openness,and platform control[J].Management science,2017,64(7):3015-3032.
[7]张镒,刘人怀,陈海权.商业生态圈中平台企业生态优势形成路径——基于京东的纵向案例研究[J].经济与管理研究,2018,39(9):114-124.
[8]金杨华,潘建林.基于嵌入式开放创新的平台领导与用户创业协同模式——淘宝网案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2014(2):148-160.
[9]罗珉,杜华勇.平台领导的实质选择权[J].中国工业经济,2018(2):82-99.
[10]汪旭晖,张其林.平台型网络市场“平台-政府”双元管理范式研究——基于阿里巴巴集团的案例分析[J].中国工业经济,2015(3):135-147.
[11]曹仰锋.平台领导需要堂吉诃德精神[J].清华管理评论,2016(5):60-64.
[12]HELFAT C E,RAUBITSCHEK R S. Dynamic and integrative capabilities for profiting from innovation in digital platform-based ecosystems[J].Research policy,2018,47(8):1391-1399.
[13]KAZAN E,TAN C,LIM E T,et al. Disentangling digital platform competition:the case of UK mobile payment platforms[J].Journal of management information systems,2018,35(1):180-219.
[14]BRESNAHAN T,GREENSTEIN S. Mobile computing:the next platform rivalry[J].American economic review,2014,104(5):475-480.
[15]WEST J,SALTER A,VANHAVERBEKE W,et al. Open innovation:the next decade[J].Research policy,2014,43(5):805-811.
[16]许晖,张海军.生态圈的协同创新[J].清华管理评论,2014(11):56-60.
[17]TIWANA A. Platform desertion by App developers[J].Journal of management information systems,2015,32(4):40-77.
[18]EDMONDSON A C,HARVEY J. Cross-boundary teaming for innovation:integrating research on teams and knowledge in organizations[J].Human resource management review,2018,28(4):347-360.
[19]李雷,赵先德,简兆权.网络环境下平台企业的运营策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2016(3):15-33.
[20]李鹏,胡汉辉.企业到平台生态系统的跃迁:机理与路径[J].科技进步与对策,2016(10):1-5.
[21]DAVIS J P. The group dynamics of interorganizational relationships:collaborating with multiple partners in innovation ecosystems[J].Administrative science quarterly,2016,61(4):621-661.
[22]吕一博,蓝清,韩少杰.开放式创新生态系统的成长基因——基于iOS、Android和Symbian的多案例研究[J].中国工业经济,2015(5):148-160.
[23]WEST J,BOGERS M. Open innovation:current status and research opportunities[J].Innovation,2017,19(1):43-50.
[24]SU Y,ZHENG Z,CHEN J. A multi-platform collaboration innovation ecosystem:the case of China[J].Management decision,2018,56(1):125-142.
[25]MEDEIROS G,BINOTTO E,CALEMAN S,et al. Open innovation in Agrifood chain:a systematic review[J].Journal of technology management&innovation,2016,11(3):108-116.
[26]GAWER A,CUSUMANO M A. Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation[J].Journal of product innovation management,2014,31(3):417-433.
[27]GOBBLE M M. Charting the innovation ecosystem[J].Research-technology management,2014,57(4):55-59.
[28]CHESBROUGH H. The future of open innovation:the future of open innovation is more extensive,more collaborative,and more engaged with a wider variety of participants[J].Research-technology management,2017,60(1):35-38.
[29]许庆瑞,吴志岩,陈力田.转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析——海尔集团1984—2013年的纵向案例研究[J].管理世界,2013(4):121-134.
[30]谢康,吴瑶,肖静华,等.组织变革中的战略风险控制——基于企业互联网转型的多案例研究[J].管理世界,2016(2):133-148.
[31]TIWANA A. Evolutionary competition in platform ecosystems[J].Information systems research,2015,26(2):266-281.
[32]BOSCH-SIJTSEMA P M,BOSCH J. Plays nice with others? Multiple ecosystems,various roles and divergent engagement models[J].Technology analysis&strategic management,2015,27(8):960-974.
[33]RONG K,HU G,LIN Y,et al. Understanding business ecosystem using a 6C framework in Internet-of-things-based sectors[J].International journal of production economics,2015,159:41-55.
[34]ADNER R,KAPOOR R. Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution:re-examining technology S-curves[J].Strategic management journal,2016,37(4):625-648.