基于铁路交通的成渝城市群功能多中心度研究
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摘要
城市群多中心发展可以缓解核心城市过于集聚、中小城市发育不足的问题,通过培育城市群多中心,能够有效促进城市群内其他城市的发展,分担核心城市的部分功能.基于尼克·格林多中心研究方法,选取运输快捷、花费时间少、乘客选择意愿高的高速动车(G)、动车组(D)、城际高速(C)、直达特快(Z)、空调特快(T)等快速通勤列车,以成渝城市群内部各城市间铁路日均往来车次作为基础数据,计算分析成渝城市群功能多中心度,并与欧洲8城市区域、长三角城市群、珠三角城市群进行比较.研究发现:(1)成渝城市群中成都市和重庆市主城区仍然是发展重心,在双核外,德阳、遂宁、万州、涪陵、长寿等城市具有成为新的区域多中心的潜力;(2)四川省南部自贡、泸州和重庆市东部忠县、黔江等12个地级市、市辖区仍然没有铁路客运的往来,使得城市群难以发挥完全的功能多中心效应;(3)成渝城市群功能多中心度偏低,属于功能多中心发展的初级阶段,其发展水平不如已经发展到典型功能多中心的长三角城市群、珠三角城市群.
The model of multi-centered development can alleviate the problems of urban sprawl of the metropolitan area and insufficient development of secondary cities in urban agglomeration.Based on the Nick Green multi-centered research method,this paper adopts high-speed trains(G),EMUs(D),intercity expressways(C),direct express(Z),and air-conditioning express trains(T)as the fast rail transportation to calculate and analyze multi-centered degree of function in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.This paper also makes a comparison with European urban agglomerations,Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations,and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.The results show that both Chengdu and Chongqing metropolitan areas are still the foci in Chengdu-Chengdu urban agglomeration.Deyang,Suining,Wanzhou,Fuling,Changshou and some other cities have the potential to become sub-centers outside the dual-core.There are still no fast railways in 12prefecture-level cities and municipal districts,such as Zigong and Luzhou in the southern part of Sichuan Province and Zhongxian and Qianjiang in the eastern part of Chongqing,which makes it difficult for urban agglomeration to exert full function and multi-centered effects in these areas.The multi-centered function in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is in the primary stage of function multi-centered development,compared to the situation in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,which have developed into metropolitans with typical multi-centered functions.
The model of multi-centered development can alleviate the problems of urban sprawl of the metropolitan area and insufficient development of secondary cities in urban agglomeration.Based on the Nick Green multi-centered research method,this paper adopts high-speed trains(G),EMUs(D),intercity expressways(C),direct express(Z),and air-conditioning express trains(T)as the fast rail transportation to calculate and analyze multi-centered degree of function in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.This paper also makes a comparison with European urban agglomerations,Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations,and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.The results show that both Chengdu and Chongqing metropolitan areas are still the foci in Chengdu-Chengdu urban agglomeration.Deyang,Suining,Wanzhou,Fuling,Changshou and some other cities have the potential to become sub-centers outside the dual-core.There are still no fast railways in 12prefecture-level cities and municipal districts,such as Zigong and Luzhou in the southern part of Sichuan Province and Zhongxian and Qianjiang in the eastern part of Chongqing,which makes it difficult for urban agglomeration to exert full function and multi-centered effects in these areas.The multi-centered function in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is in the primary stage of function multi-centered development,compared to the situation in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,which have developed into metropolitans with typical multi-centered functions.
引文
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[25]李忆春,黄炳康.成渝地区城镇体系结构研究[J].经济地理,1999,19(2):55-59.
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[27]覃成林,李红叶.西方多中心城市区域研究进展[J].人文地理,2012(1):6-10.
[28]GREEN N.Functional Polycentricity:A Formal Definition in Terms of Social Network Analysis[J].Urban Studies,2007,44(11):2077-2103.
[29]冯长春,谢旦杏,马学广,等.基于城际轨道交通流的珠三角城市区域功能多中心研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(6):648-655.
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[34]LAMBREGTS B.Polycentrism:Boon or Barrier to Metropolitan Competitiveness?The Case of the Randstad Holland[J].Built Environment,2006,32(2):114-123.
[2] KLOOSTERMAN R C,LAMBREHTS B.Clustering of Economic Activities in Polycentric Urban Regions:The Case of the Randstad[J].Urban studies,2001,38(4):717-732.
[3] TAYLOR P J,EVANS D M,PAIN K.Application of the Interlocking Network Model to Mega-City-Regions:Measuring Polycentricity within and Beyond City-Regions[J].Regional Studies,2008,42(8):1079-1093.
[4] BROITMAN D,CZAMANSKI D.Bursts and Avalanches:The Dynamics of Polycentric Urban Evolution[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2015,42(1):58-75.
[5] BREZZI M,VENERI P.Assessing Polycentric Urban Systems in the OECD:Country,Regional and Metropolitan Perspectives[J].European Planning Studies,2014,23(6):1128-1145.
[6] GLERSEN E,LHTEENMKI-SMITH K,DUBOIS A.Polycentricity in Transnational Planning Initiatives:ESDP Applied or ESDP Reinvented?[J].Planning Practice and Research,2007,22(3):417-437.
[7]田广增,李学鑫.西方区域多中心测度与效应研究进展[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(3):48-52.
[8]虞震.日本东京“多中心”城市发展模式的形成、特点与趋势[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(5):75-78.
[9]覃成林,李红叶.西方多中心城市区域研究进展[J].人文地理,2012(1):6-10.
[10]WERFF M VAN DER,LAMBREGTS B,KAPOEN L,et al.POLYNET Action 1.1-Commuting and the Defintiion of Functional Urban Regions:The Randstad[M].London:Institute of Community Studies/The Young Foundation&Polynet Partners,2005.
[11]罗震东,何鹤鸣,耿磊.基于客运交通流的长江三角洲功能多中心结构研究[J].城市规划学刊,2011(2):20-27.
[12]杨振山,蔡建明.国外多中心规划理念与发展经验对中国的借鉴作用[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(4):71-77.
[13]沈宏婷,张京祥,陈眉舞.中国大城市空间的“多中心”重组[J].城市问题,2005(4):25-30.
[14]石忆邵.从单中心城市到多中心域市——中国特大城市发展的空间组织模式[J].城市规划学刊,1999(3):36-39.
[15]赵渺希,黎智枫,钟烨,等.中国城市群多中心网络的拓扑结构[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(3):376-388.
[16]徐江.多中心城市群:POLYNET引发的思考[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(1):1-3.
[17]张京祥,罗小龙,殷洁.长江三角洲多中心城市区域与多层次管治[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(1):65-69.
[18]张陆,高素英.多中心视角下的京津冀都市圈空间联系分析[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(5):49-54.
[19]于涛方,邵军,周学江.多中心巨型城市区研究:京津冀地区实证[J].规划师,2007,23(12):15-23.
[20]史雅娟,朱永彬,冯德显,等.中原城市群多中心网络式空间发展模式研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(12):1430-1438.
[21]石忆邵,章仁彪.从多中心城市到都市经济圈——长江三角洲地区协调发展的空间组织模式[J].城市规划学刊,2001(4):51-54.
[22]罗震东.长江三角洲功能多中心程度初探[J].国际城市规划,2010,25(1):60-65.
[23]张紧跟.从多中心竞逐到联动整合——珠江三角洲城市群发展模式转型思考[J].城市问题,2008(1):34-39.
[24]赵渺希,钟烨,徐高峰.中国三大城市群多中心网络的时空演化[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):52-59.
[25]李忆春,黄炳康.成渝地区城镇体系结构研究[J].经济地理,1999,19(2):55-59.
[26]钟海燕.成渝经济区城市体系优化分析——基于位序规模模型[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(3):60-63.
[27]覃成林,李红叶.西方多中心城市区域研究进展[J].人文地理,2012(1):6-10.
[28]GREEN N.Functional Polycentricity:A Formal Definition in Terms of Social Network Analysis[J].Urban Studies,2007,44(11):2077-2103.
[29]冯长春,谢旦杏,马学广,等.基于城际轨道交通流的珠三角城市区域功能多中心研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(6):648-655.
[30]HALBERT L.The Polycentric City Region That Never Was:The Paris Agglomeration,Bassin Parisien and Spatial Planning Strategies in France[J].Built Environment,2006,32(2):184-193.
[31]TIMBERLAKE M.The Polycentric Metropolis:learning from Mega-City Regions in Europe[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2008,74(3):384-385.
[32]KNAPP W,SCHMITT P,DANIELZYK R.Rhineruhr:towards Compatibility?Strategic Spatial Policies for a Specific Configuration of Polycentricity[J].Built Environment,2006,32(2):137-147.
[33]彼得·霍尔,考蒂·佩因,罗震东,等.从大都市到多中心都市[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(1):15-27.
[34]LAMBREGTS B.Polycentrism:Boon or Barrier to Metropolitan Competitiveness?The Case of the Randstad Holland[J].Built Environment,2006,32(2):114-123.