山西沁水盆地东北部太原组沉积序列及环境演化
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摘要
山西沁水盆地东北部上石炭统—下二叠统太原组含有丰富的煤与煤层气资源,在昔阳黑土岩村一带有良好的露头剖面。以黑土岩村剖面为主要研究对象,结合邻区部分钻孔资料,对石炭—二叠系太原组的岩石特征、沉积构造、化石组成及沉积序列类型进行了详细分析。取得如下成果:在研究剖面中识别出有障壁和无障壁海岸以及三角洲3种沉积体系,5种沉积相、3种亚相和5种微相,并在太原组中部层段发现混积潮坪沉积;建立了9种沉积序列类型及其古环境分布模式,并基于沉积序列的垂向变化规律,提出了本区太原组的沉积环境模式,进而简要论述了太原组自下而上从障壁岛—潟湖—潮坪到浅海—潮坪,最后到三角洲的沉积环境演变过程。
The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in northeastern Qinshui Basin of Shanxi Province contains abundant coal and coalbed methane resources,and well outcrops in the areaof Heituyan village in Xiyang County. Based on the researches of the outcrop section and some nearby exploration data,this paper detailedly analyzes the lithologic characteristics,sedimentary structures,fossil composition,carbonatite microfacies and sedimentary succession types of the formation and obtains the results as follows: Three kinds of sedimentary systems( including barrier shore,open shore and delta),five kinds of sedimentary facies,three kinds of sedimentary subfacies and five kinds of carbonate microfacies were recognized,and the mixed tidal flat deposits in the middle part of the Taiyuan Formation were found in this area. On this basis,nine types of sedimentary succession and their palaeoenvironment model were suggested. According to the vertical change tendency of sedimentary successions,this paper proposes the sedimentary environment model of the Taiyuan Formation and briefly discusses the evolution process of depositional environments,i.e.,from the bottom to top,ranging from barrier island-lagoon-tidal flat to shallow sea-tidal flat,and then to delta environments.
The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in northeastern Qinshui Basin of Shanxi Province contains abundant coal and coalbed methane resources,and well outcrops in the areaof Heituyan village in Xiyang County. Based on the researches of the outcrop section and some nearby exploration data,this paper detailedly analyzes the lithologic characteristics,sedimentary structures,fossil composition,carbonatite microfacies and sedimentary succession types of the formation and obtains the results as follows: Three kinds of sedimentary systems( including barrier shore,open shore and delta),five kinds of sedimentary facies,three kinds of sedimentary subfacies and five kinds of carbonate microfacies were recognized,and the mixed tidal flat deposits in the middle part of the Taiyuan Formation were found in this area. On this basis,nine types of sedimentary succession and their palaeoenvironment model were suggested. According to the vertical change tendency of sedimentary successions,this paper proposes the sedimentary environment model of the Taiyuan Formation and briefly discusses the evolution process of depositional environments,i.e.,from the bottom to top,ranging from barrier island-lagoon-tidal flat to shallow sea-tidal flat,and then to delta environments.
引文
陈东锐,廖大卫,董鑫媛,马施民,邵龙义.2016.太原西山地区石炭-二叠纪沉积环境演化.北京工业职业技术学院学报,15 (3):24-30.[Chen D R,Liao D W,Dong X Y,Ma S M,Shao LY.2016.Sedimentary environmental evolution of Carboniferous-Permian in Taiyuan Xishan.Journal of Beijing Polytechnic College,15(3):24-30]
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邵龙义,肖正辉,汪浩,鲁静,周俊.2008.沁水盆地石炭-二叠纪含煤岩系高分辨率层序地层及聚煤模式.地质科学,43(4):777-791.[Shao L Y,Xiao Z H,Wang H,Lu J,Zhou J.2008.PermoCarboniferous coal measures in the Qinshui Basin:High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulating models.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(4):777-791]
宋慧波,王芳,胡斌.2015.晋中南地区上石炭统-下二叠统太原组碳酸盐岩中遗迹组构及其沉积环境.沉积学报,33(6):1126-1139.[Song H B,Wang F,Hu B.2015.Ichnofabrics and their sedimentary environments in Carbonate Rocks of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Middle South Shanxi Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,33(6):1126-1139]
孙娇鹏,陈世悦,胡忠亚,刘文平,郭晨,马帅.2014.柴东北缘古生代碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积相发育特征及组合模式研究.天然气地球科学,25(10):1586-1593.[Sun J P,Chen S Y,Hu Z Y,Liu W P,Guo C,Ma S.2014.Research on the mixed model and developmental characteristic of the clastic-carbonate diamictite facies in the Northern Qaidam.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(10):1586-1593]
王保玉,胡斌,白建平,杨连超.2015.山西沁水盆地东南部上石炭统-下二叠统太原组聚煤环境.古地理学报,17(5):677-688.[Wang B Y,Hu B,Bai J P,Yang L C.2015.Coal-accumulating environments of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in southeastern Qinshui Basin,Shanxi Province.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(5):677-688]
杨永剑,刘家铎,田景春,孟万斌,张翔,祝贺.2011.塔里木盆地上奥陶统桑塔木组混合沉积特征及控制因素.地质论评,57(2):185-192.[Yang Y J,Liu J D,Tian J C,Meng W B,Zhang X,Zhu H.2011.Mixed sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of Upper Ordovician Sangtamu Formation in Tarim Basin.Geological Review,57(2):185-192]
袁同星,王真奉.2001.朔县矿区太原组沉积体系与煤聚积规律.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),20(1):41-44.[Yuan T X,Wang Z F.2001.Depositional Systems and coal accumulation law of Taiyuan Formation in Shuoxian mining area.Journal of Shandong U-niversity of Science and Technology(Natural Science),20(1):41-44]
张鹏飞,邵龙义,代世峰.2001.华北地台晚古生代海侵模式雏议.古地理学报,3(1):15-24.[Zhang P F,Shao L Y,Dai S F.2001.Discussions on the transgression model of the Late Paleozoic in the North China Platform.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),3(1):15-24]
陈韵.2010.西山煤田古交矿区晋祠组、太原组沉积环境与成煤模式.山西煤炭,30(8):39-42.[Chen Y.2010.Sedimentary environment and coal-forming model of Jinci Formation and Taiyuan Formation of Gujiao Mine,Xishan Coal Field.Shanxi Coal,30(8):39-42]
胡斌,胡磊,宋慧波,杨连超.2013a.晋东南上石炭-下二叠统太原组灰岩中遗迹组合及其沉积环境.古地理学报,15(6):809-818.[Hu B,Hu L,Song H B,Yang L C.2013a.Ichnoassemblages and their sedimentary environments in limestone of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation,southeastern Shanxi Province.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),15(6):809-818]
胡斌,杨连超,胡磊,郭瑞睿.2013b.山西陵川地区上石炭统-下二叠统太原组15#煤层成煤环境分析.中国煤炭地质,25(2):4-11,31.[Hu B,Yang L C,Hu L,Guo R R.2013b.Analysis of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation coal seam No.15 coal-forming environment in Lingchuan area,Shanxi.Coal Geology of China,25(2):4-11,31]
胡斌,王瑜,宋慧波,王芳.2014.豫西北及晋东南地区下二叠统太原组风暴沉积及伴生遗迹化石特征.中国煤炭地质,26(1):1-9.[Hu B,Wang Y,Song H B,Wang F.2014.Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation storm deposit and associated ichnofossils characteristics in Northwestern Henan and Southeastern Shanxi area.Coal Geology of China,26(1):1-9]
琚宜文,范俊佳,谭静强,武昱东,雒毅.2009.华北盆-山演化和岩石圈转型与煤层气富集的关系.中国煤炭地质,21(3):1-5,27.[Ju Y W,Fan J J,Tan J Q,Wu Y D,Luo Y.2009.Basin-mountain evolution,lithosphere transformation and their relationship with coal bed methane accumulation in North China.Coal Geology of China,21(3):1-5,27]
桑树勋,陈世悦,刘焕杰.2001.华北晚古生代成煤环境与成煤模式多样性研究.地质科学,36(2):212-221.[Sang S X,Chen SY,Liu H J.2001.Study on diversity of Late Paleozoic coal-forming environments and models in North China.Chinese Journal of Geology,36(2):212-221]
邵龙义,肖正辉,何志平,刘永福,尚潞君,张鹏飞.2006.晋东南沁水盆地石炭二叠纪含煤岩系古地理及聚煤作用研究.古地理学报,8(1):43-52.[Shao L Y,Xiao Z H,He Z P,Liu Y F,Shang L J,Zhang P F.2006.Palaeogeography and coal accumulation for coal measures of the Carboniferous-Permian in Qinshui Basin,southeastern Shanxi Province.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),8(1):43-52]
邵龙义,肖正辉,汪浩,鲁静,周俊.2008.沁水盆地石炭-二叠纪含煤岩系高分辨率层序地层及聚煤模式.地质科学,43(4):777-791.[Shao L Y,Xiao Z H,Wang H,Lu J,Zhou J.2008.PermoCarboniferous coal measures in the Qinshui Basin:High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulating models.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(4):777-791]
宋慧波,王芳,胡斌.2015.晋中南地区上石炭统-下二叠统太原组碳酸盐岩中遗迹组构及其沉积环境.沉积学报,33(6):1126-1139.[Song H B,Wang F,Hu B.2015.Ichnofabrics and their sedimentary environments in Carbonate Rocks of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Middle South Shanxi Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,33(6):1126-1139]
孙娇鹏,陈世悦,胡忠亚,刘文平,郭晨,马帅.2014.柴东北缘古生代碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩混积相发育特征及组合模式研究.天然气地球科学,25(10):1586-1593.[Sun J P,Chen S Y,Hu Z Y,Liu W P,Guo C,Ma S.2014.Research on the mixed model and developmental characteristic of the clastic-carbonate diamictite facies in the Northern Qaidam.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(10):1586-1593]
王保玉,胡斌,白建平,杨连超.2015.山西沁水盆地东南部上石炭统-下二叠统太原组聚煤环境.古地理学报,17(5):677-688.[Wang B Y,Hu B,Bai J P,Yang L C.2015.Coal-accumulating environments of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in southeastern Qinshui Basin,Shanxi Province.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(5):677-688]
杨永剑,刘家铎,田景春,孟万斌,张翔,祝贺.2011.塔里木盆地上奥陶统桑塔木组混合沉积特征及控制因素.地质论评,57(2):185-192.[Yang Y J,Liu J D,Tian J C,Meng W B,Zhang X,Zhu H.2011.Mixed sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of Upper Ordovician Sangtamu Formation in Tarim Basin.Geological Review,57(2):185-192]
袁同星,王真奉.2001.朔县矿区太原组沉积体系与煤聚积规律.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),20(1):41-44.[Yuan T X,Wang Z F.2001.Depositional Systems and coal accumulation law of Taiyuan Formation in Shuoxian mining area.Journal of Shandong U-niversity of Science and Technology(Natural Science),20(1):41-44]
张鹏飞,邵龙义,代世峰.2001.华北地台晚古生代海侵模式雏议.古地理学报,3(1):15-24.[Zhang P F,Shao L Y,Dai S F.2001.Discussions on the transgression model of the Late Paleozoic in the North China Platform.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),3(1):15-24]