单开口有限空间自然通风特性及其影响因素研究
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摘要
通风是保障有限空间内作业人员安全的技术手段。以单开口有限空间为研究对象,采用CFD数值模拟的方法分析了单开口有限空间自然通风的流场特性,计算了自然通风的通风风量和有毒有害气体浓度降低的速度,并研究了外界风速、外界风向、有限空间内有毒有害气体组分、有限空间类型4种因素对单开口有限空间自然通风效果的影响。结果表明:自然通风过程中,外界风速越大,通风风量越大,单开口有限空间内有毒有害气体浓度降低的速度越快;对于进出口位于上部的单开口有限空间,在自然通风的过程中,相对于重质气体,轻质气体浓度降低的速度较快;相对于地上有限空间,地下有限空间自然通风的通风风量小,有限空间内有毒有害气体浓度降低的速度慢,实际通风时间需适当地延长。
Ventilation is a technical means to ensure the safety of worker in the confined space.This paper studies the effects of natural wind speed,natural wind direction,confined space type,toxic and harmful gas composition on natural ventilation of the confined space with single opening by numerical simulation.The paper analyzes flow field characteristics and calculates the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases during natural ventilation.The results show that with the increase of external atmospheric wind speed,volume flow rate of fresh air entering the confined space and the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases increase;for the confined space with a single opening in the upper during natural ventilation process,the concentration of light gas decreases faster than that of heavy gas,and compared with the confined space on the ground,volume flow rate of fresh air entering the underground confined space is small,and the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases is slow,so the actual ventilation time needs to be extended appropriately.
Ventilation is a technical means to ensure the safety of worker in the confined space.This paper studies the effects of natural wind speed,natural wind direction,confined space type,toxic and harmful gas composition on natural ventilation of the confined space with single opening by numerical simulation.The paper analyzes flow field characteristics and calculates the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases during natural ventilation.The results show that with the increase of external atmospheric wind speed,volume flow rate of fresh air entering the confined space and the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases increase;for the confined space with a single opening in the upper during natural ventilation process,the concentration of light gas decreases faster than that of heavy gas,and compared with the confined space on the ground,volume flow rate of fresh air entering the underground confined space is small,and the reduction rate of toxic and harmful gases is slow,so the actual ventilation time needs to be extended appropriately.
引文
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[16]王玉明,叶会华.建筑物绕流风能利用的模拟研究[J].天津城建大学学报,2017,23(3):197-202.
[2]Smith T D,Rene H,Le A.Assessment of confined space entry and rescue training for aircraft rescueand fire fighting(ARFF)members in the United States[J].Journal of Safety Research,2018,67:77-82.
[3]Selmana J,Spickettb J,Jansz J,et al.An investigation into the rate and mechanism of incident of work-related confined space fatalities[J].Safety Science,2018,109:333-343.
[4]Bottia L,Duracciob V,Gnoni M G.An integrated holistic approach to health and safety in confined spaces[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2018,55:25-35.
[5]Burlet-Vienney D,Chinniah Y,Bahloul A.Occupational safety during interventions in confined spaces[J].Safety Science,2015,79:19-28.
[6]Burlet-Vienney D,Chinniah Y,Bahloul A.Design and application of a 5step risk assessment tool for confined space entries[J].Safety Science,2015,80:144-155.
[7]阮芳.单开口自然通风特性的实验与模拟研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.
[8]Zhao J,Manbeck H B,Murphy D J.Computational fluid dynamics simulations of gas evacuation and O2recovery times for fanventilated confined-space manure pits[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2008,51(6):2135-2149.
[9]谭聪,刘艳,汪彤,等.市政供热有限空间通风防护技术数值模拟[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2017,49(8):123-128.
[10]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2008.
[11]曲文晶,张来斌,马庆春.液化石油气球罐泄漏扩散的数值模拟[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(4):119-124.
[12]吴兵,于振江,周瑶,等.常村煤矿综掘面合理除尘方式选择及其应用[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(5):98-103.
[13]张社荣,宏璧,高辉.空中和水下爆炸冲击波数值模拟的网格尺寸效应对比分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):298-306.
[14]王远成,吴文权,黄远东,等.建筑物周围绕流流场的三维数值模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2004(2):235-237.
[15]孙珩,黄素逸.建筑物周围流场数值模拟的研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999,7(6):76-82.
[16]王玉明,叶会华.建筑物绕流风能利用的模拟研究[J].天津城建大学学报,2017,23(3):197-202.