松脂二烯在植物叶片表面的成膜性能
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摘要
为明确松脂二烯(pinolene)提高农药田间防效的机理,研究了其在植物叶片表面的成膜性能。以红叶石楠和山核桃为试材,分别将3%噻虫啉微囊悬浮剂和2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂与松脂二烯桶混后喷施到植物叶片上,通过电镜及光合测定仪,观测了松脂二烯对农药药液在叶片表面的成膜形态及其对光合作用的影响;通过人工模拟降雨和氙灯光照,研究了松脂二烯抗雨水冲刷能力和抗光解能力。结果表明:添加松脂二烯的农药颗粒表面均有一层明显的油状包被。在不同雨水冲刷时间段,添加松脂二烯的噻虫啉处理组植物叶片上的农药保持量均显著高于对照组;松脂二烯和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混用,能显著降低甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的光分解速率;松脂二烯叶片成膜致其光合速率下降5.16%,但与对照无显著差异。本研究结果表明,松脂二烯和农药混用,可增加农药有效成分在植物叶片上的成膜性,且对植物光合作用影响较小,可有效减少农药受雨水冲刷损失和光解速率,延长农药持效期。
In order to clarify the mechanism of pinolene and improve the control effect of pesticides in the field, the film-forming properties of pinolene on leaves were investigated. Pinolene was added to 3% thiacridacin microcapsule suspension and 2% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, respectively. And the mixtures were sprayed on leaf of Photinia × fraseri Dress. and Carya cathayensis Sarg. Influences of pinolene on the leaf surface morphology and photosynthetic characteristics were detected by electron microscopy and photosynthesis system. Rainfastness and anti-photolysis capacity of pinolene were studied by artificial stimulation of rainfall and xenon lamp. The results showed that there was a clear coating of oil on the surface of the drug particles in the pinolene-treated group. In the rainfastness test,the residue of thiacloprid in the pinolene-treated group on the leaves was significantly higher than that in the control group during different periods. Using pinolene with emamectin benzoate can significantly reduce the photolysis rate of emamectin benzoate. The photosynthetic rate decreased by 5.16% due to film-forming of pinolene on the leaves, which was not significantly different from the control group.The addition of pinolene in pesticides can immobilize the active ingredients on the leaves of the plants,effectively improve the rainfastness, reduce the photolysis rate of the pesticides and extend the pesticide holding period. While it has little effect on the photosynthesis of the plants.
In order to clarify the mechanism of pinolene and improve the control effect of pesticides in the field, the film-forming properties of pinolene on leaves were investigated. Pinolene was added to 3% thiacridacin microcapsule suspension and 2% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, respectively. And the mixtures were sprayed on leaf of Photinia × fraseri Dress. and Carya cathayensis Sarg. Influences of pinolene on the leaf surface morphology and photosynthetic characteristics were detected by electron microscopy and photosynthesis system. Rainfastness and anti-photolysis capacity of pinolene were studied by artificial stimulation of rainfall and xenon lamp. The results showed that there was a clear coating of oil on the surface of the drug particles in the pinolene-treated group. In the rainfastness test,the residue of thiacloprid in the pinolene-treated group on the leaves was significantly higher than that in the control group during different periods. Using pinolene with emamectin benzoate can significantly reduce the photolysis rate of emamectin benzoate. The photosynthetic rate decreased by 5.16% due to film-forming of pinolene on the leaves, which was not significantly different from the control group.The addition of pinolene in pesticides can immobilize the active ingredients on the leaves of the plants,effectively improve the rainfastness, reduce the photolysis rate of the pesticides and extend the pesticide holding period. While it has little effect on the photosynthesis of the plants.
引文
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[12]石明.甲维盐在柑橘和土壤中的残留检测分析方法[J].广东化工,2013,40(23):157-158,164.SHI M.Residue analysis of emamectin benzoate in citrus and soil[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2013,40(23):157-158,164.
[13]柳王荣,杨仁斌,黄尧,等.甲维盐在水稻环境中的残留分析方法[J].农药,2011,50(5):362-364.LIU W R,YANG R B,HUANG Y,et al.Residue analysis of emamectin benzoate in rice field[J].Agrochemicals,2011,50(5):362-364.
[14]张仁和,郑友军,马国胜,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1303-1311.ZHANG R H,ZHENG Y J,MA G S,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic traits and protective enzyme activity in maize seeding[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):1303-1311.
[15]王志清.不同色膜处理对番茄叶片光合作用特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(16):53-58.WANG Z Q.Effect of different color film treatments on leaf photosynthetic characteristics of tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2013(16):53-58.
[16]SYMONDS B L,THOMSON N R,LINDSAY C I,et al.Rainfastness of poly(vinyl alcohol)deposits on Vicia faba leaf surfaces:from laboratory-scale washing to simulated rain[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(22):14220-14230.
[17]ALBRIGO L G,BROWN G E,FELLERS P J.Peel and internal quality of oranges as influenced by grove applications of pinolene and benlate[J].Proc Fla State Hort Soc,1970,83:263-267.
[18]BRILLANTE L,BELFIORE N,GAIOTTI F,et al.Comparing kaolin and pinolene to improve sustainable grapevine production during drought[J].PLo S One,2016,11(6).
[19]SMITH F D,PHIPPS P M,STIPES R J.Use of pinolene or other spray adjuvants with iprodione for improved control of sclerotinia blight on peanut[J].Peanut Sci,1991,18(2):97-101.
[2]MOFTAH A E,AL-HUMAID A I.Effects of kaolin and pinolene film-forming polymers on water relation and photosynthetic rate of tuberose(Polianthes tuberosa L.)[J].King Saud Univ,2005,18:35-49.
[3]KOSTECKAS R,LIAKAS V,?IULIAUSKAS A,et al.Effect of pinolen on winter rape seed losses in relation to maturity[J].Agron Res,2009,7(S1):347-354.
[4]董峰.基于果蔬包装的纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备、性能及应用[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.DONG F.Preparation,Property and application of nanocellulose/chitosan composite film based on fruit and vegetable package[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.
[5]王碧,覃松,赵燕,等.葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混膜的结构表征及性能研究[J].化学世界,2008(08):470-473.WANG B,QIN S,ZHAO Y,et al.Structure and properties of konjac glucomannan-chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blend films[J].Chemical World,2008(08):470-473.
[6]李敏洁,金芬,杨莉莉,等.分散固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定花生及土壤中的噻虫啉[J].分析测试学报,2014,33(4):479-482.LI M J,JIN F,YANG L L,et al.Determination of thiacloprid in soil and peanut samples by dispersive solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].J Instrum Analy,2014,33(4):479-482.
[7]张丹莉.噻虫啉在黄瓜和土壤中的检测方法及残留研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.ZHANG D L.The research of testing method and residue of thiacloprid in the cucumber and soil[D].Xi’an:Chang'an University,2011.
[8]张冲,葛峰,单正军,等.噻虫啉环境行为研究[J].农药,2010,49(11):830-833.ZHANG C,GE F,SHAN Z J,et al.Study on environmental behavior of thiacloprid[J].Agrochemicals,2010,49(11):830-833.
[9]张征,武中平,张晓强,等.高效液相色谱-二极管阵列法测定蔬菜中噻虫啉残留量[J].食品科学,2011,32(24):241-243.ZHANG Z,WU Z P,ZHANG X Q,et al.Determination of thiacloprid residue in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection[J].Food Sci,2011,32(24):241-243.
[10]宋宁慧,王点点,吴文铸,等.噻虫啉在水稻中的残留消解动态及风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2169-2174.SONG N H,WANG D D,WU W T,et al.Residue dynamics and risk assessment of thiacloprid in rice[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(8):2169-2174.
[11]朱军.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的光解及对杀虫活性影响的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.ZHU J.Studies on photodegradation of emamectin benzoate and its effect on insectical activity[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.
[12]石明.甲维盐在柑橘和土壤中的残留检测分析方法[J].广东化工,2013,40(23):157-158,164.SHI M.Residue analysis of emamectin benzoate in citrus and soil[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2013,40(23):157-158,164.
[13]柳王荣,杨仁斌,黄尧,等.甲维盐在水稻环境中的残留分析方法[J].农药,2011,50(5):362-364.LIU W R,YANG R B,HUANG Y,et al.Residue analysis of emamectin benzoate in rice field[J].Agrochemicals,2011,50(5):362-364.
[14]张仁和,郑友军,马国胜,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1303-1311.ZHANG R H,ZHENG Y J,MA G S,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic traits and protective enzyme activity in maize seeding[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):1303-1311.
[15]王志清.不同色膜处理对番茄叶片光合作用特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(16):53-58.WANG Z Q.Effect of different color film treatments on leaf photosynthetic characteristics of tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2013(16):53-58.
[16]SYMONDS B L,THOMSON N R,LINDSAY C I,et al.Rainfastness of poly(vinyl alcohol)deposits on Vicia faba leaf surfaces:from laboratory-scale washing to simulated rain[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2016,8(22):14220-14230.
[17]ALBRIGO L G,BROWN G E,FELLERS P J.Peel and internal quality of oranges as influenced by grove applications of pinolene and benlate[J].Proc Fla State Hort Soc,1970,83:263-267.
[18]BRILLANTE L,BELFIORE N,GAIOTTI F,et al.Comparing kaolin and pinolene to improve sustainable grapevine production during drought[J].PLo S One,2016,11(6).
[19]SMITH F D,PHIPPS P M,STIPES R J.Use of pinolene or other spray adjuvants with iprodione for improved control of sclerotinia blight on peanut[J].Peanut Sci,1991,18(2):97-101.