从欧美国家结核病筛查措施看我国实施入境前卫生检疫的前景
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摘要
结核病严重威胁人类健康。目前我国采用入境后检疫的模式,但欧美发达国家已开始实施入境前检疫,在海外设立指定的检查点和签名医师,发布技术指导,通过信息化手段实现远程筛查和治疗监督。目的是将结核病风险消灭于入境前,同时提高卫生检疫效率,减少对本国医疗和经济资源的占用。本文通过分析美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等国家的入境前结核病筛查措施,探讨可供我国口岸参考的境外卫生检疫技术方案。
Tuberculosis is a serious threat to human health. The current health quarantine mode in China is based on post-entry screening,while some western developed countries tend to take pre-entry quarantine measures,including setting oversea panel sites and designated panel physicians,publishing technical instructions,performing remote screening and treatment monitoring via information technology. The pre-entry quarantine helps to eliminate tuberculo-sis risk before arrival,improve quarantine efficiency and reduce the occupation of local medical and economic resources. This article focus on the technical feasibility of oversea health quarantine measures for Chinese ports based on the analysis of pre-entry tuberculosis screening process of US,UK,Australia,Canada and New Zealand.
Tuberculosis is a serious threat to human health. The current health quarantine mode in China is based on post-entry screening,while some western developed countries tend to take pre-entry quarantine measures,including setting oversea panel sites and designated panel physicians,publishing technical instructions,performing remote screening and treatment monitoring via information technology. The pre-entry quarantine helps to eliminate tuberculo-sis risk before arrival,improve quarantine efficiency and reduce the occupation of local medical and economic resources. This article focus on the technical feasibility of oversea health quarantine measures for Chinese ports based on the analysis of pre-entry tuberculosis screening process of US,UK,Australia,Canada and New Zealand.
引文
[1] World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2018[EB/OL].[2018]. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/.
[2]全国人大常委会.中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法实施细则[EB/OL].[2016-07-11]. http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/jyjy/wsjy/zcfg88/flfg46/1481461/index.html.
[3]国家质检总局. SN/T 1283-2012国境口岸结核病监测规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[4] U.S.CDC,Tuberculosis technical instructions for panel physicians[EB/OL].[2018-09-05]. https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/panel/tuberculosis-panel-technical-instructions.html.
[5] UK. UK tuberculosis technical instructions(Version 6)[EB/OL].[2013-09-25].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-tuberculosis-technical-instructions.
[6] Panel Member Instructions. Australian immigration medical examinations[EB/OL].[2016-07]. http://www.border.gov.au/Busi/Pane/Pane/Conducting-Australian-visas-medicals/instructions.
[7] Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Operations directorate,health branch immigration medical examination instructions:tuberculosis[EB/OL].[2017-04-04]. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/partners-serviceproviders/panel-physicians.html.
[8] Wellington Ministry of Health. Guidelines for tuberculosis control in New Zealand 2010[EB/OL].[2010-08-02]. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/guidelines-tuberculosis-control-newzealand-2010.
[9] Australia Government Department of Home Affairs. Immigration and citizenship. Offices and locations. Lists of locations. China.Panel physician[EB/OL].[2018-11-11]. https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/contact-us/offices-and-locations/list.
[10] Payam N,Susan ED,Narges A,et al. Official American thoracic society/centers for disease control and prevention/infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guidelines:treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Disease,2016(8):1-49.
[11] Edmund B,Diana D,Karen S. Drug-resistant tuberculosis:a survival guide for clinicians,third edition[Z]. Curry International Tuberculosis Center,2016.
[2]全国人大常委会.中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法实施细则[EB/OL].[2016-07-11]. http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/jyjy/wsjy/zcfg88/flfg46/1481461/index.html.
[3]国家质检总局. SN/T 1283-2012国境口岸结核病监测规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[4] U.S.CDC,Tuberculosis technical instructions for panel physicians[EB/OL].[2018-09-05]. https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/panel/tuberculosis-panel-technical-instructions.html.
[5] UK. UK tuberculosis technical instructions(Version 6)[EB/OL].[2013-09-25].https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-tuberculosis-technical-instructions.
[6] Panel Member Instructions. Australian immigration medical examinations[EB/OL].[2016-07]. http://www.border.gov.au/Busi/Pane/Pane/Conducting-Australian-visas-medicals/instructions.
[7] Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Operations directorate,health branch immigration medical examination instructions:tuberculosis[EB/OL].[2017-04-04]. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/partners-serviceproviders/panel-physicians.html.
[8] Wellington Ministry of Health. Guidelines for tuberculosis control in New Zealand 2010[EB/OL].[2010-08-02]. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/guidelines-tuberculosis-control-newzealand-2010.
[9] Australia Government Department of Home Affairs. Immigration and citizenship. Offices and locations. Lists of locations. China.Panel physician[EB/OL].[2018-11-11]. https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/help-support/contact-us/offices-and-locations/list.
[10] Payam N,Susan ED,Narges A,et al. Official American thoracic society/centers for disease control and prevention/infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guidelines:treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis[J]. Clinical Infectious Disease,2016(8):1-49.
[11] Edmund B,Diana D,Karen S. Drug-resistant tuberculosis:a survival guide for clinicians,third edition[Z]. Curry International Tuberculosis Center,2016.