基于声发射信号的不同密度C/SiC复合材料损伤演化
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摘要
对密度为1.65g/cm3、1.75g/cm3和1.85g/cm3的平纹编织C/SiC复合材料进行单向拉伸试验,获得材料的基本力学性能。采用声发射技术对材料在单调拉伸试验全程下的损伤信号进行监测,并对采用Wavelet小波方法降噪后的声发射信号进行特征参数分析和K-聚类分析。结合SEM图像分析发现材料密度的不同使材料损伤模式、损伤演化过程及破坏模式存在差异。根据损伤模式和声发射事件分布特征将试验声发射信号进行分类分析,研究不同密度材料的损伤模式和损伤演化机制,发现:随着密度增大,不同损伤模式发生的起始应力水平、相对时间及频数逐渐增大。分析得出结论:材料密度通过影响基体损伤程度和损伤分布区域以及界面性能改变材料力学性能。
The braided C/SiC composites with density of 1.65 g/cm3,1.75 g/cm3 and 1.85 g/cm3 were tested to obtain the basic mechanical properties.The acoustic emission system was used to monitor the damage signals of the monotonic tensile test,and the characteristic parameter and K-cluster analysis of the acoustic emission signals after the noise reduction using wavelet method were analyzed.The difference of material density between the material damage mode,damage evolution process and failure modes was found by the analysis of SEM image.According to the distribution characteristics of the damage mode and acoustic emission events,the experimental acoustic emission signals were classified and analyzed,and the damage modes and damage evolution mechanisms of different density materials were studied,and the stress level,relative time and frequency of different damage modes are gradually increased with the increase of density.It is concluded that the material density can change the mechanical properties by influencing the damage degree and distribution area of matrix as well as the interfacial properties.
The braided C/SiC composites with density of 1.65 g/cm3,1.75 g/cm3 and 1.85 g/cm3 were tested to obtain the basic mechanical properties.The acoustic emission system was used to monitor the damage signals of the monotonic tensile test,and the characteristic parameter and K-cluster analysis of the acoustic emission signals after the noise reduction using wavelet method were analyzed.The difference of material density between the material damage mode,damage evolution process and failure modes was found by the analysis of SEM image.According to the distribution characteristics of the damage mode and acoustic emission events,the experimental acoustic emission signals were classified and analyzed,and the damage modes and damage evolution mechanisms of different density materials were studied,and the stress level,relative time and frequency of different damage modes are gradually increased with the increase of density.It is concluded that the material density can change the mechanical properties by influencing the damage degree and distribution area of matrix as well as the interfacial properties.
引文
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[24] CAO X,YIN X,FAN X,et al.Effect of PyC interphase thickness on mechanical behaviors of SiBC matrix modified C/SiC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration[J].Carbon,2014,77:886-895.
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[28] SUN Z,SHAO H,NIU X,et al.Failure simulation of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites based on evolving compliant interfacial debonding model[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,663:78-85.
[2]安娜,李崇俊,嵇阿琳.C/C预制体密度对C/C-SiC复合材料致密性及弯曲性能的影响[J].炭素技术,2015(3):27-30.AN Na,LI Chongjun,JI Alin.Effects of C/C preforms density on the densification behavior and flexural property of C/C-SiC composites[J].Carbon Techniques,2015(3):27-30(in Chinese).
[3] TAO P,LI K,WANG Y.Effects of preform structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of C/SiC composites reinforced by Si3N4 nanowires[J].Ceramics International,2018,44(5):5719-5725.
[4] LI Z,LI H,ZHANG S,et al.Microstructures and ablation properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites prepared using C/C skeletons with various densities[J].Ceramics International,2013,39(7):8173-8181.
[5] MORSCHER G N,MAILLET E.Nondestructive evaluationuse of acoustic emission for CMCs[M].Orford:Elsevier,2017:308-324.
[6] SARASINI F,SANTULLI C.10-non-destructive testing(NDT)of natural fiber composites:Acoustic emission technique,in natural fiber composites[M].Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing,2014:273-302.
[7] ZARIF K N,MINAK G,KIANFAR P.Analysis of damage mechanisms in drilling of composite materials by acoustic emission[J].Composite Structures,2015,131:107-114.
[8] MAILLET E,BAKER C,MORSCHER G N,et al.Feasibility and limitations of damage identification in composite materials using acoustic emission[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,75:77-83.
[9] MORIZET N,GODIN N,TANG J,et al.Classification of acoustic emission signals using wavelets and random forests:Application to localized corrosion[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2016,70-71:1026-1037.
[10]常岩军,矫桂琼,张克实,等.3DC/SiC复合材料拉伸性能的声发射研究[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(6):82-87.CHAN Yanjun,JIAO Guiqiong,ZHANG Keshi,et al.Investigation on tensile properties for 3D C/SiC composites by acoustic emission[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(6):82-87(in Chinese).
[11] MOMON S,GODIN N,REYNAUD P,et al.Unsupervised and supervised classification of AE data collected during fatigue test on CMC at high temperature[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(2):254-260.
[12]童小燕,张佳丽,姚磊江,等.2D-C/SiC拉伸损伤的声发射信号聚类分析[J].固体力学学报,2014,35(2):109-114.TONG Xiaoyan,ZHANG Jiali,YAO Leijiang,et al.Cluster analysis of acoustic emission signals of 2D-C/SiC under tensile loading[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2014,35(2):109-114(in Chinese).
[13] WANG H,ZHOU X,YU J,et al.Fabrication of SiCf/SiC composites by chemical vapor infiltration and vapor silicon infiltration[J]. MaterialsLetters, 2010, 64(15):1691-1693.
[14]国防科学工业技术委员会.连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料常温拉伸性能试验方法:GJB 6475—2008[S].北京:国防科工委军标出版发行部,2018.COSTIND.Test method for tensile properties of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites at ambient temperature:GJB 6475—2008[S].Beijing:The Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense of the PRC,2008(in Chinese).
[15]闫联生,崔红,李克智.炭纤维针刺预制体增强C/SiC复合材料的制备与性能研究[J].无机材料学报,2008,23(2):223-228.YAN Liansheng,CUI Hong,LI Kezhi.Preparation and properties of carbon fiber needling preform reinforced silicon carbide composite[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2008,23(2):223-228(in Chinese).
[16]沈功田.声发射检测技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-3.SHEN Gongtian.Acoustic emission technology and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:1-3(in Chinese).
[17] JEONG H.Analysis of plate wave propagation in anisotropic laminates using a wavelet transform[J].NDT&E International,2001,34(3):185-190.
[18] MALLAT S G.A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition:The wavelet representation[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2009:494-513.
[19] LI L,LOMOV S V,YAN X,et al.Cluster analysis of acoustic emission signals for 2Dand 3D woven glass/epoxy composites[J].Composite Structures,2014,116:286-299.
[20] MORSCHER G N,SINGH M,KISER J D,et al.Modeling stress-dependent matrix cracking and stress-strain behavior in2Dwoven SiC fiber reinforced CVI SiC composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2007,67(6):1009-1017.
[21] HANNACHE H,QUENISSET J M,NASLAIN R,et al.Composite materials made from a porous 2D-carbon-carbon preform densified with boron nitride by chemical vapour infiltration[J].Journal of Materials Science,1984,19(1):202-212.
[22] ECH-CHOUDANY Y,ASSARAR M,SC-IDA D,et al.Unsupervised clustering for building a learning database of acoustic emission signals to identify damage mechanisms in unidirectional laminates[J].Applied Acoustics,2017,123:123-132.
[23]杨成鹏,矫桂琼.界面对纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料拉伸性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(3):116-121.YANG Chengpeng,JIAO Guiqiong.Effects of interface on tensile properties of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(3):116-121(in Chinese).
[24] CAO X,YIN X,FAN X,et al.Effect of PyC interphase thickness on mechanical behaviors of SiBC matrix modified C/SiC composites fabricated by reactive melt infiltration[J].Carbon,2014,77:886-895.
[25] SINGH Y P,MANSOUR R,MORSCHER G N.Combined acoustic emission and multiple lead potential drop measurements in detailed examination of crack initiation and growth during inter-laminar testing of ceramic matrix composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2017,97:93-99.
[26] MORSCHER G N,GORDON N A.Acoustic emission and electrical resistance in SiC-based laminate ceramic composites tested under tensile loading[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2017,37(13):3861-3872.
[27] CALLISTER W D,RETHWISCH D G.Materials science and engineering[M].Jordan:The University of Jordan School of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department,2011:1-15.
[28] SUN Z,SHAO H,NIU X,et al.Failure simulation of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites based on evolving compliant interfacial debonding model[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,663:78-85.