基于图模型矩阵理论的决策者权力不对称冲突稳定性研究
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摘要
为了描述冲突中决策者权力不对称的现象,方便权力不对称冲突的求解和决策支持系统中权力不对称模块的开发,基于冲突分析图模型现有研究框架,对其权力不对称模块的理论进行系统性拓展.首先,利用矩阵理论重新定义冲突分析图模型的建模要素,给出权力改良偏好矩阵和权力可达矩阵的定义;然后,为便于权力不对称下稳定解的计算,定义权力影响下5种稳定性的代数表达;最后,利用图模型框架下的权力不对称稳定性分析方法求出医疗保险冲突的稳定解,从而给出冲突解决方案.结果表明该方法能够准确有效地解决权力不对称冲突.
In order to describe the power asymmetry phenomenon in conflicts, facilitate power asymmetry conflict solving process and develop the asymmetric power analysis model of a decision making support system, based on the existing research framework of a conflict analysis graph model, this paper systematically expands the theory of the power asymmetry module. Firstly, the modeling elements of the graph model for concept solution are redefined using matrix theory, and the modified power preference matrix and power reachable matrix are given. Then, based on the previous study, in order to promote stability calculation under asymmetric power, five algebraic expressions of stability with the influence of power are defined. Finally, the asymmetric power stability analysis method is applied to solve a medical insurance conflict, and the resolve project is presented by means of stable solution. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively and accurately solve the conflicts of power asymmetry.
In order to describe the power asymmetry phenomenon in conflicts, facilitate power asymmetry conflict solving process and develop the asymmetric power analysis model of a decision making support system, based on the existing research framework of a conflict analysis graph model, this paper systematically expands the theory of the power asymmetry module. Firstly, the modeling elements of the graph model for concept solution are redefined using matrix theory, and the modified power preference matrix and power reachable matrix are given. Then, based on the previous study, in order to promote stability calculation under asymmetric power, five algebraic expressions of stability with the influence of power are defined. Finally, the asymmetric power stability analysis method is applied to solve a medical insurance conflict, and the resolve project is presented by means of stable solution. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively and accurately solve the conflicts of power asymmetry.
引文
[1]高鹏,杜建国,聂佳佳,等.不同权力结构对再制造供应链技术创新策略的影响[J].管理学报, 2016, 13(10):1563-1570.(Gao P, Du J G, Nie J J, et al. Impact of different power structures on technological innovation the strategy of manufacturing the supply chain[J]. Chinese J of Management, 2016, 13(10):1563-1570.)
[2]韩莹,陈国宏,梁娟.基于网络权力的产业集群二元式创新下知识闭环系统知识定价、收益与协调研究[J].中国管理科学, 2017, 25(3):68-75.(Han Y, Chen G H, Liang J. Knowledge pricing, profit and coordination research on knowledge closed-loop system of industrial cluster ambidextrous innovation based on network power[J]. Chinese J of Management Science,2017, 25(3):68-75.)
[3]王旭坪,孙自来,詹红鑫.不同权力结构对跨境电商双渠道供应链的影响[J].系统工程学报, 2017, 32(3):385-396.(Wang X P, Sun Z L, Zhan H X. Impact of different game power structures on the cross-border e-retailer dual-channel retail supply chain[J]. J of Systems Engineering, 2017, 32(3):385-396.)
[4]张廷龙,梁樑.不同渠道权力结构和信息结构下供应链定价和销售努力决策[J].中国管理科学, 2012,20(2):68-77.(Zhang T L, Liang L. Pricing and sales efforts decisions for a supply chain under different channel power structures and information structures[J]. Chinese J of Management Science, 2012, 20(2):68-77.)
[5]计国君,张灵,杨光勇,等.基于战略顾客行为的不同权力结构下供应链绩效[J].控制与决策, 2016, 31(3):458-466.(Ji G J, Zhang L, Yang G Y, et al. Supply chain performance under different power structures based on strategic customer behavior[J]. Control and Decision,2016, 31(3):458-466.)
[6] Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, Fang L P. The graph model for conflicts[J]. Automatica, 1987, 23(1):41-55.
[7] Xu H Y, Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, et al. Using matrices to link conflict evolution and resolution in a graph model[J]. European J of Operational Research, 2010,207(1):318-329.
[8] Xu H Y, Kevin W L, Kilgour D M, et al. A matrix-based approach to searching colored paths in a weighted colored multidigraph[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009, 215(1):353-366.
[9] Xu H Y, Kevin W L, Hipel K W, et al. A matrix approach to status quo analysis in the graph model for conflict resolution[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009, 212(2):470-480.
[10] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M. Matrix representation of conflicts with two decision-makers[C]. IEEE Int Conf on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Montreal:IEEE,2007:1764-1769.
[11] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M. Matrix representation of solution concepts in multiple-decision-maker graph models[J]. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A:Systems and Humans, 2009, 39(1):96-108.
[12] Mori A, Cigala A. Perspective taking:Training procedures in evelopmentally typical preschoolers,different intervention methods and their effectiveness[J].Educ Psychol Rev, 2016, 28(2):267-294.
[13] Walker S, Hipel K W, Inohara T. Attitudes and preferences:Approaches to representing decision maker desires[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2012,218(12):6637-6647.
[14] Inohara T, Yousefis S, Hipel K W. Propositions on interrelationships among attitude based stability concepts[C]. Proc of the IEEE SMC. Singapore:IEEE,2008:2502-2507.
[15] Inohara T, Hipel K W. Interrelationships among attitude based and conventional stability concepts within the graph modelfor conflict resolution[C]. Proc of the IEEE SMC.San Antonio:IEEE, 2009:1130-1135.
[16] Xu H Y, Xu P, Sharafat A. Attitude analysis in process conflict for C919 aircraft manufacturing[J]. Trans of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017, 34(2):115-124.
[17]于晶,赵敏,陈岩.冲突分析图模型框架下的决策者态度分析[J].软科学, 2015, 29(9):140-144.(Yu J, Zhao M, Chen Y. Decision makers’ attitudes analysis under the framework of GMCR[J]. Soft Science,2015, 29(9):140-144.)
[18] Xu P, Xu H Y, He S. Evolutional analysis for the south china sea dispute based on the two-stage attitude of philippines[C]. Int Conf on Group Decision and Negotiation. Stuttgart:Springer, 2017:73-85.
[19] Ma J, Hipel K W, De M. Strategic analysis of the james bay hydro-electric dispute in canada[J]. Canadian J of Civil Engineering, 2011, 32(5):868-880.
[20] Aljefri Y M, Fang L P, Hipel K W. Modeling misperception of options and preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution[C]. San Diego:IEEE Int Conf on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. San Diego:IEEE, 2014:1573-1578.
[21]张乾友.从权力改变处境的功能区分权力的不同类型[J].中国人民大学学报, 2016, 30(2):101-109.(Zhang Q Y. Power as one’s ability to change other’s situations:A functional classification[J]. J of Renmin University of China, 2016, 30(2):101-109.)
[22] Fisker S T, Berdah J. Social power[M]. New York:Guilford Press, 2007:88-90.
[23]李艾丽莎,胡竹菁,张庆林.决策权力和社会角色对混合动机冲突决策的影响[J].心理与行为研究, 2011,9(2):115-119.(Li A L S, Hu Z J, Zhang Q L. The effects of decision-making power and social role on mixed-motive conflict decision-making[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2011, 9(2):115-119.)
[24] Dedreu C K, Vankleef G A. The influence of power on the information search, impression formation, and demands in negotiation[J]. J of Experimental Social Psychology,2004, 40(3):303-319.
[25] Manfred J H P. Voting and voting power[M]. Wiirzburg:Physica-Verlag, 1981:28-29.
[26]王楠,苏杰,黄静. CEO权力异质性视角下政府资助对创业板企业研发投入的影响研究[J].管理学报, 2017,14(8):1199-1207.(Wang N, Su J, Huang J. Study on impact of government funding and corporate R&D investment in the GEM-CEO power and resources heterogeneous perspective[J]. Chinese J of Management, 2017, 14(8):1199-1207.)
[27] Chen X, Wang X J, Jiang X K. The impact of power structure on the retail service supply chain with an O2O mixed channel[J]. J of the Operational Research Society,2016, 67(2):294-301.
[28]中国行政管理学会课题组.权责清单制定中的难题与对策[J].中国行政管理, 2017, 385(7):6-9.(Research group of Chinese administrative management society. Problems and countermeasures in the establishment of the list of rights and responsibilities[J].Chinese Public Administration, 2017, 385(7):6-9.)
[29] Yu J, Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, et al. Power asymmetry in conflict resolution with application to a water pollution dispute in china[J]. Water Resources Research, 2016,51(10):8627-8645.
[30]赵士南,徐海燕,朱建军.基于决策者共识偏好的冲突分析图模型[J].控制与决策, 2018, 33(8):1497-1504.(Zhao S N, Xu H Y, Zhu J J. Research on graph model for conflict resolution with consistent preference and its application[J]. Control and Decision, 2018, 33(8):1497-1504.)
[31] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M, et al. Conflict resolution using the graph model:Strategic interactions in competition and cooperation[M]. Switzerland:Springer,2018:83-94.
[32] Godsil C, Royle G. Algebraic graph theory[M]. New York:Springer, 2001:35-49.
[33] Nash J. Equilibrium points in N-person games[J]. Proc of National Academy of Science, 1950, 36(1):48-49.
[34] Howard N. Paradoxes of rationality:Games, metagames,and political behavior[M]. New York:MIT Press, 1971:73-88.
[35] Fraser N M, Hipel K W. Solving complex conflicts[J].IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1979,9(12):805-817.
[2]韩莹,陈国宏,梁娟.基于网络权力的产业集群二元式创新下知识闭环系统知识定价、收益与协调研究[J].中国管理科学, 2017, 25(3):68-75.(Han Y, Chen G H, Liang J. Knowledge pricing, profit and coordination research on knowledge closed-loop system of industrial cluster ambidextrous innovation based on network power[J]. Chinese J of Management Science,2017, 25(3):68-75.)
[3]王旭坪,孙自来,詹红鑫.不同权力结构对跨境电商双渠道供应链的影响[J].系统工程学报, 2017, 32(3):385-396.(Wang X P, Sun Z L, Zhan H X. Impact of different game power structures on the cross-border e-retailer dual-channel retail supply chain[J]. J of Systems Engineering, 2017, 32(3):385-396.)
[4]张廷龙,梁樑.不同渠道权力结构和信息结构下供应链定价和销售努力决策[J].中国管理科学, 2012,20(2):68-77.(Zhang T L, Liang L. Pricing and sales efforts decisions for a supply chain under different channel power structures and information structures[J]. Chinese J of Management Science, 2012, 20(2):68-77.)
[5]计国君,张灵,杨光勇,等.基于战略顾客行为的不同权力结构下供应链绩效[J].控制与决策, 2016, 31(3):458-466.(Ji G J, Zhang L, Yang G Y, et al. Supply chain performance under different power structures based on strategic customer behavior[J]. Control and Decision,2016, 31(3):458-466.)
[6] Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, Fang L P. The graph model for conflicts[J]. Automatica, 1987, 23(1):41-55.
[7] Xu H Y, Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, et al. Using matrices to link conflict evolution and resolution in a graph model[J]. European J of Operational Research, 2010,207(1):318-329.
[8] Xu H Y, Kevin W L, Kilgour D M, et al. A matrix-based approach to searching colored paths in a weighted colored multidigraph[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009, 215(1):353-366.
[9] Xu H Y, Kevin W L, Hipel K W, et al. A matrix approach to status quo analysis in the graph model for conflict resolution[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009, 212(2):470-480.
[10] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M. Matrix representation of conflicts with two decision-makers[C]. IEEE Int Conf on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Montreal:IEEE,2007:1764-1769.
[11] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M. Matrix representation of solution concepts in multiple-decision-maker graph models[J]. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A:Systems and Humans, 2009, 39(1):96-108.
[12] Mori A, Cigala A. Perspective taking:Training procedures in evelopmentally typical preschoolers,different intervention methods and their effectiveness[J].Educ Psychol Rev, 2016, 28(2):267-294.
[13] Walker S, Hipel K W, Inohara T. Attitudes and preferences:Approaches to representing decision maker desires[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2012,218(12):6637-6647.
[14] Inohara T, Yousefis S, Hipel K W. Propositions on interrelationships among attitude based stability concepts[C]. Proc of the IEEE SMC. Singapore:IEEE,2008:2502-2507.
[15] Inohara T, Hipel K W. Interrelationships among attitude based and conventional stability concepts within the graph modelfor conflict resolution[C]. Proc of the IEEE SMC.San Antonio:IEEE, 2009:1130-1135.
[16] Xu H Y, Xu P, Sharafat A. Attitude analysis in process conflict for C919 aircraft manufacturing[J]. Trans of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017, 34(2):115-124.
[17]于晶,赵敏,陈岩.冲突分析图模型框架下的决策者态度分析[J].软科学, 2015, 29(9):140-144.(Yu J, Zhao M, Chen Y. Decision makers’ attitudes analysis under the framework of GMCR[J]. Soft Science,2015, 29(9):140-144.)
[18] Xu P, Xu H Y, He S. Evolutional analysis for the south china sea dispute based on the two-stage attitude of philippines[C]. Int Conf on Group Decision and Negotiation. Stuttgart:Springer, 2017:73-85.
[19] Ma J, Hipel K W, De M. Strategic analysis of the james bay hydro-electric dispute in canada[J]. Canadian J of Civil Engineering, 2011, 32(5):868-880.
[20] Aljefri Y M, Fang L P, Hipel K W. Modeling misperception of options and preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution[C]. San Diego:IEEE Int Conf on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. San Diego:IEEE, 2014:1573-1578.
[21]张乾友.从权力改变处境的功能区分权力的不同类型[J].中国人民大学学报, 2016, 30(2):101-109.(Zhang Q Y. Power as one’s ability to change other’s situations:A functional classification[J]. J of Renmin University of China, 2016, 30(2):101-109.)
[22] Fisker S T, Berdah J. Social power[M]. New York:Guilford Press, 2007:88-90.
[23]李艾丽莎,胡竹菁,张庆林.决策权力和社会角色对混合动机冲突决策的影响[J].心理与行为研究, 2011,9(2):115-119.(Li A L S, Hu Z J, Zhang Q L. The effects of decision-making power and social role on mixed-motive conflict decision-making[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2011, 9(2):115-119.)
[24] Dedreu C K, Vankleef G A. The influence of power on the information search, impression formation, and demands in negotiation[J]. J of Experimental Social Psychology,2004, 40(3):303-319.
[25] Manfred J H P. Voting and voting power[M]. Wiirzburg:Physica-Verlag, 1981:28-29.
[26]王楠,苏杰,黄静. CEO权力异质性视角下政府资助对创业板企业研发投入的影响研究[J].管理学报, 2017,14(8):1199-1207.(Wang N, Su J, Huang J. Study on impact of government funding and corporate R&D investment in the GEM-CEO power and resources heterogeneous perspective[J]. Chinese J of Management, 2017, 14(8):1199-1207.)
[27] Chen X, Wang X J, Jiang X K. The impact of power structure on the retail service supply chain with an O2O mixed channel[J]. J of the Operational Research Society,2016, 67(2):294-301.
[28]中国行政管理学会课题组.权责清单制定中的难题与对策[J].中国行政管理, 2017, 385(7):6-9.(Research group of Chinese administrative management society. Problems and countermeasures in the establishment of the list of rights and responsibilities[J].Chinese Public Administration, 2017, 385(7):6-9.)
[29] Yu J, Kilgour D M, Hipel K W, et al. Power asymmetry in conflict resolution with application to a water pollution dispute in china[J]. Water Resources Research, 2016,51(10):8627-8645.
[30]赵士南,徐海燕,朱建军.基于决策者共识偏好的冲突分析图模型[J].控制与决策, 2018, 33(8):1497-1504.(Zhao S N, Xu H Y, Zhu J J. Research on graph model for conflict resolution with consistent preference and its application[J]. Control and Decision, 2018, 33(8):1497-1504.)
[31] Xu H Y, Hipel K W, Kilgour D M, et al. Conflict resolution using the graph model:Strategic interactions in competition and cooperation[M]. Switzerland:Springer,2018:83-94.
[32] Godsil C, Royle G. Algebraic graph theory[M]. New York:Springer, 2001:35-49.
[33] Nash J. Equilibrium points in N-person games[J]. Proc of National Academy of Science, 1950, 36(1):48-49.
[34] Howard N. Paradoxes of rationality:Games, metagames,and political behavior[M]. New York:MIT Press, 1971:73-88.
[35] Fraser N M, Hipel K W. Solving complex conflicts[J].IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1979,9(12):805-817.