四川盆地大中型气田分布特征及勘探前景
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摘要
大中型气田储量规模大,对增加能源储备,减少对外依存度起到至关重要的作用;同时其稳产周期长,具有较好的经济效益。根据已发现的大中型气田分布特征,从古构造运动、区域沉积环境方面分析烃源条件、储层规模、油气聚集等形成大中型气田的主控因素,探讨其下一步勘探方向。结果表明:(1)四川盆地大中型气田以海相层系为主,集中分布于"三隆、两台缘、两拗陷"地区,以岩性、复合圈闭气藏为主;(2)大型构造运动形成的2大古裂陷槽、2大沉积拗陷、4大古隆起、5大侵蚀面控制了大中型气田的成藏,即古裂陷槽、沉积拗陷控制生烃中心,侵蚀面控制规模储层发育,古隆起控制早期油气聚集;(3)充足的烃源供给、层状规模储层、大型圈闭及适时形成的古隆起是形成大中型气田的关键,继承性的大型古今构造叠合区是形成特大型气田最有利区。结论认为:(1)川西北上古生界台缘带是继高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—下古生界之后重要接替领域;(2)川东"达州—开江"古隆起和台缘带是重要突破领域;(3)川中"乐山—龙女寺"古隆起区北斜坡是重要拓展勘探领域;(4)川西南雷口坡组、栖霞组台缘带是盆地积极准备的勘探领域。
There are large amounts of reserves in medium to large gas fields, which play a crucial role in enhancing energy reserves and reducing foreign dependence. Besides, these fields are often characterized by long and stable production period, and better economic benefits. In this study, based on some distribution characteristics of discovered medium to large gas fields, Sichuan Basin, the effects of palaeo-tectonic movements and regionally depositional setting on their formation were analyzed from three aspects of source conditions, reservoir scale, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Results show that in these medium to large gas fields, Sichuan Basin,(1) marine strata are dominant, and mainly distributed in such belts as "three uplifts, two platform margins, and two depressions", and gas reservoirs of lithologic and composite traps are dominant;(2) gas accumulation is affected by two palaeo-aulacogens, two sedimentary depressions, four palaeo-uplifts, and five erosion surfaces arose during major tectonic movements, meaning that a hydrocarbon-generating center is controlled by the palaeo-aulacogens and sedimentary depressions, large reservoir development by the erosion surfaces, and early hydrocarbon accumulation by the palaeo-uplifts, respectively; and(3) sufficient source supply, massive and stratified reservoirs, sizeable trap, and timely formed palaeo-uplifts are key contributors to generating these medium to large gas fields, whereas an overlap area of bigger inherited ancient and modern structures is the most favorable for shaping a supergiant gas field. In conclusion, in Sichuan Basin, there are four important exploration domains replacing the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic in Gaoshiti-Moxi area, sequential including the Upper Paleozoic platform margin belt in northwestern basin, the Dazhou-Kaijiang palaeo-uplift and platform margin belt in eastern basin, the northern slope of Leshan-Longnvsi palaeo-uplift in central basin, and the platform margin belts of Leikoupo and Qixia formations in southwestern basin.
There are large amounts of reserves in medium to large gas fields, which play a crucial role in enhancing energy reserves and reducing foreign dependence. Besides, these fields are often characterized by long and stable production period, and better economic benefits. In this study, based on some distribution characteristics of discovered medium to large gas fields, Sichuan Basin, the effects of palaeo-tectonic movements and regionally depositional setting on their formation were analyzed from three aspects of source conditions, reservoir scale, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Results show that in these medium to large gas fields, Sichuan Basin,(1) marine strata are dominant, and mainly distributed in such belts as "three uplifts, two platform margins, and two depressions", and gas reservoirs of lithologic and composite traps are dominant;(2) gas accumulation is affected by two palaeo-aulacogens, two sedimentary depressions, four palaeo-uplifts, and five erosion surfaces arose during major tectonic movements, meaning that a hydrocarbon-generating center is controlled by the palaeo-aulacogens and sedimentary depressions, large reservoir development by the erosion surfaces, and early hydrocarbon accumulation by the palaeo-uplifts, respectively; and(3) sufficient source supply, massive and stratified reservoirs, sizeable trap, and timely formed palaeo-uplifts are key contributors to generating these medium to large gas fields, whereas an overlap area of bigger inherited ancient and modern structures is the most favorable for shaping a supergiant gas field. In conclusion, in Sichuan Basin, there are four important exploration domains replacing the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic in Gaoshiti-Moxi area, sequential including the Upper Paleozoic platform margin belt in northwestern basin, the Dazhou-Kaijiang palaeo-uplift and platform margin belt in eastern basin, the northern slope of Leshan-Longnvsi palaeo-uplift in central basin, and the platform margin belts of Leikoupo and Qixia formations in southwestern basin.
引文
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[11]杨光,李国辉,李楠,陈双玲,汪华,徐亮.四川盆地多层系油气成藏特征与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):1-11.Yang Guang,Li Guohui,Li Nan,Chen Shuangling,Wang Hua&Xu Liang.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and enrichment laws of multi-layered reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):1-11.
[12]王文之,杨跃明,张玺华,邹定永,马松华,孙奕婷,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层特征及成因[J].东北石油大学学报石油学报,2016,40(2):1-10.Wang Wenzhi,Yang Yueming,Zhang Xihua,Zou Dingyong,Ma Songhua,Sun Yiting,et al.Reservoir characteristics and genesis of the Sinian Dengying formation in Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(2):1-10.
[13]杨跃明,文龙,罗冰,宋家荣,陈骁,王小娟,洪海涛,等.四川盆地达州—开江古隆起沉积构造演化及油气成藏条件分析[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):1-10.Yang Yueming,Wen Long,Luo Bing,Song Jiarong,Chen Xiao,Wang Xiaojuan,Hong Haitao,et al.Sedimentary tectonic evolution and reservoir-forming conditions of the Dazhou–Kaijiang paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):1-10.
[14]汪泽成,王铜山,文龙,姜华,张宝民.四川盆地安岳特大型气田基本地质特征与形成条件[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):45-52.Wang Zecheng,Wang Tongshan,Wen Long,Jiang Hua&Zhang Baomin.Basic geological characteristics and accumulation conditions of Anyue giant gas field,Sichuan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):45-52.
[15]沈浩,汪华,文龙,马华灵,李毅,张本健.四川盆地西北部上古生界天然气勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):11-21.Shen Hao,Wang Hua,Wen Long,Ma Hualing,Li Yi&Zhang Benjian.Natural gas exploration prospect in the Upper Paleozoic strata,NW Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):11-21.
[2]邹才能,赵群,张国生,熊波.能源革命:从化石能源到新能源[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):1-10.Zou Caineng,Zhao Qun,Zhang Guosheng&Xiong Bo.Energy revolution:From a fossil energy era to a new energy era[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):1-10.
[3]陈进殿,赵延芳,沈鑫,王军.对《加快推进天然气利用的意见》的解读与思考[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):139-144.Chen Jindian,Zhao Yanfang,Shen Xin&Wang Jun.Interpretation of and reflection upon the opinions on accelerating the utilization of natural gas[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(7):139-144.
[4]李一平.四川盆地已知大中型气田成藏条件研究[J].天然气工业,1996,16(增刊1):1-12.Li Yiping.Reservoir-formed condition research on the known large-medium gas fields in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(S1):1-12.
[5]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣,罗毅,张学丰.四川盆地大中型天然气田分布特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):347-354.Ma Yongsheng,Cai Xunyu,Zhao Peirong,Luo Yi&Zhang Xuefeng.Distribution and further exploration of the large-medium sized gas fields in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):347-354.
[6]王世谦.页岩气资源开采现状、问题与前景[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):115-130.Wang Shiqian.Shale gas exploitation:Status,issues and prospects[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(6):115-130.
[7]白国平,郑磊.世界大气田分布特征[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):161-167.Bai Guoping&Zheng Lei.Distribution patterns of giant gas fields in the world[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):161-167.
[8]马永生,郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄锐,蔡勋育,李国雄.四川盆地普光大型气田的发现与勘探启示[J].地质论评,2005,51(4):477-480.Ma Yongsheng,Guo Xusheng,Guo Tonglou,Huang Rui,Cai Xunyu&Li Guoxiong.Discovery of the large-scale Puguang gas field in the Sichuan basin and its enlightenment for hydrocarbon prospecting[J].Geological Review,2005,51(4):477-480.
[9]王庭斌.中国大中型气田分布的地质特征及主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):1-8.Wang Tingbin.Distribution of large-middle sized gas fields in China:geological characteristics and key controlling factors[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2005,32(4):1-8.
[10]邹玉涛,李让彬,张新川.川东南涪陵地区构造演化与油气成藏关系[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(1):9-13.Zou Yutao,Li Rangbin&Zhang Xinchuan.Relationship between tectonic evolution and reservoir forming in Fuling Area,Southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2016,39(1):9-13.
[11]杨光,李国辉,李楠,陈双玲,汪华,徐亮.四川盆地多层系油气成藏特征与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):1-11.Yang Guang,Li Guohui,Li Nan,Chen Shuangling,Wang Hua&Xu Liang.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and enrichment laws of multi-layered reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):1-11.
[12]王文之,杨跃明,张玺华,邹定永,马松华,孙奕婷,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层特征及成因[J].东北石油大学学报石油学报,2016,40(2):1-10.Wang Wenzhi,Yang Yueming,Zhang Xihua,Zou Dingyong,Ma Songhua,Sun Yiting,et al.Reservoir characteristics and genesis of the Sinian Dengying formation in Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(2):1-10.
[13]杨跃明,文龙,罗冰,宋家荣,陈骁,王小娟,洪海涛,等.四川盆地达州—开江古隆起沉积构造演化及油气成藏条件分析[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):1-10.Yang Yueming,Wen Long,Luo Bing,Song Jiarong,Chen Xiao,Wang Xiaojuan,Hong Haitao,et al.Sedimentary tectonic evolution and reservoir-forming conditions of the Dazhou–Kaijiang paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):1-10.
[14]汪泽成,王铜山,文龙,姜华,张宝民.四川盆地安岳特大型气田基本地质特征与形成条件[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(2):45-52.Wang Zecheng,Wang Tongshan,Wen Long,Jiang Hua&Zhang Baomin.Basic geological characteristics and accumulation conditions of Anyue giant gas field,Sichuan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(2):45-52.
[15]沈浩,汪华,文龙,马华灵,李毅,张本健.四川盆地西北部上古生界天然气勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):11-21.Shen Hao,Wang Hua,Wen Long,Ma Hualing,Li Yi&Zhang Benjian.Natural gas exploration prospect in the Upper Paleozoic strata,NW Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):11-21.