鲜食葡萄新品种‘学优红’的选育
|
摘要
‘学优红’葡萄是以‘罗萨卡’为母本、‘艾多米尼克’为父本杂交选育出的中熟欧亚种葡萄新品种。该品种丰产性中等,冬芽成花能力强,果穗大小中等,平均500 g,果穗紧实度中等。果粒大,平均粒质量8.9 g,果粒椭圆形,果皮蓝紫色,皮薄,易着色,平均每个果粒中有1～2粒正常发育的种子;果肉脆硬,味香甜、多汁、可溶性固形物含量(w)20.1%,品质上等,具有较好的树上挂果和延迟采收能力。在北京地区萌芽期为3月下旬,开花期为5月中下旬,花为雌能花,需配置授粉品种,果实成熟期为8月中旬。
‘Scholar Red'is a new seeded table grape cultivar bred through crossing between‘Rousalka'and‘Adominique', both are of vinifera genetic background. Fully developed seeds were collected from ripe berries from artificial hybridization pollination in 2005, the seeds were sowed in the spring of2006 after stratification and then the plantlets were moved from seed trays to soil in a greenhouse. In2010, all plants had fructified. After fruit quality test using berry size and sugar content as the major criteria over five years from 2011 to 2015,‘Scholar Red'was finally selected. The variety is of middle size in cluster with medium compact appearance, the average cluster weight is 500 g at harvest. The berries are oval shape, with 1-2 seeds per berry, weighing averagely 8.9 g, of attractive blue-purple color, it is a variety easy to get skin color, the skin is thin and closely attached to the flesh, not easy to peeling.The flesh is crunchy, juicy and delicate in texture, and no anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh. Berries are of neutral flavor at ripening, the soluble solid content of grapes at harvest grown in the high tunnel is 20.1%, and the overall consumption quality is high. In growth habit,‘Scholar Red'is a vigorous variety, the vine bud breaks in late March, almost all the new shoots from winter buds bear 1-2 flower clusters, flowers are observed as imperfect flower type, other variety for pollination is required. The flowers bloom in the mid May, the same period as the major table grape varieties, and the berries ripen around middle August in Beijing area. The berries have long storage-life, and there is no problem of falling berries during transportation. The grape can also be kept on the vine for delayed harvest. The variety is suitable for outdoor cultivation in areas where the rainfall is not more than 600 mm in summer, and protected cultivation is required in areas with higher rainfall.‘Scholar Red'is of regular cold resistance as other vinifera cultivars, during the winter burying the vine or using other protected methods are suggested for areas that other vinifera varieties are required.
‘Scholar Red'is a new seeded table grape cultivar bred through crossing between‘Rousalka'and‘Adominique', both are of vinifera genetic background. Fully developed seeds were collected from ripe berries from artificial hybridization pollination in 2005, the seeds were sowed in the spring of2006 after stratification and then the plantlets were moved from seed trays to soil in a greenhouse. In2010, all plants had fructified. After fruit quality test using berry size and sugar content as the major criteria over five years from 2011 to 2015,‘Scholar Red'was finally selected. The variety is of middle size in cluster with medium compact appearance, the average cluster weight is 500 g at harvest. The berries are oval shape, with 1-2 seeds per berry, weighing averagely 8.9 g, of attractive blue-purple color, it is a variety easy to get skin color, the skin is thin and closely attached to the flesh, not easy to peeling.The flesh is crunchy, juicy and delicate in texture, and no anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh. Berries are of neutral flavor at ripening, the soluble solid content of grapes at harvest grown in the high tunnel is 20.1%, and the overall consumption quality is high. In growth habit,‘Scholar Red'is a vigorous variety, the vine bud breaks in late March, almost all the new shoots from winter buds bear 1-2 flower clusters, flowers are observed as imperfect flower type, other variety for pollination is required. The flowers bloom in the mid May, the same period as the major table grape varieties, and the berries ripen around middle August in Beijing area. The berries have long storage-life, and there is no problem of falling berries during transportation. The grape can also be kept on the vine for delayed harvest. The variety is suitable for outdoor cultivation in areas where the rainfall is not more than 600 mm in summer, and protected cultivation is required in areas with higher rainfall.‘Scholar Red'is of regular cold resistance as other vinifera cultivars, during the winter burying the vine or using other protected methods are suggested for areas that other vinifera varieties are required.
引文
[1] WANG Z,ZHOU J,PERL A,CHEN S,MA H. Adoption of table grape cultivars:an attribute preference study on Chinese grape growers[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2017,216:66-75.
[2] ZHOU J,CAO L,CHEN S,PERL A,MA H. Consumer-assisted selection:the preference for new table grape varieties in China[J]. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,2015,21(3):351-360.
[3]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,闫爱玲,戚元勇,彭义杰,任建成,徐海英.北京果品批发市场葡萄价格与品种结构分析[J].中国果树,2014(5):78-80.ZHANG Guojun,WANG Xiaoyue,SUN Lei,YAN Ailing,QI Yuanyong,PENG Yijie,REN Jiancheng,XU Haiying. Analysis of grape price and variety structure in Beijing Fruit Wholesale Market[J]. China Fruits,2014(5):78-80.
[4]唐晓萍,董志刚,李晓梅,谭伟,马小河,赵旗峰,王敏.早熟四倍体葡萄新品种‘玫香宝’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(1):115-118.TANG Xiaoping,DONG Zhigang,LI Xiaomei,TAN Wei,MA Xiaohe,ZHAO Qifeng,WANG Min. A new early season tetraploid grape cultivar‘Meixiangbao’[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2017,34(1):115-118.
[5]刘崇怀,樊秀彩,姜建福,李民,孙海生,张颖,刘三军,王鹏,乔宝营,刘启山,魏志峰,吕中伟,张晓锋.鲜食葡萄新品种‘郑葡1号’的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(8):1027-1029.LIU Chonghuai,FAN Xiucai,JIANG Jianfu,LI Min,SUN Haisheng,ZHANG Ying,LIU Sanjun,WANG Peng,QIAO Baoying,LIU Qishan,WEI Zhifeng,LüZhongwei,ZHANG Xiaofeng. Breeding of a new grape cultivar‘Zhengpu 1’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(8):1027-1029.
[2] ZHOU J,CAO L,CHEN S,PERL A,MA H. Consumer-assisted selection:the preference for new table grape varieties in China[J]. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,2015,21(3):351-360.
[3]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,闫爱玲,戚元勇,彭义杰,任建成,徐海英.北京果品批发市场葡萄价格与品种结构分析[J].中国果树,2014(5):78-80.ZHANG Guojun,WANG Xiaoyue,SUN Lei,YAN Ailing,QI Yuanyong,PENG Yijie,REN Jiancheng,XU Haiying. Analysis of grape price and variety structure in Beijing Fruit Wholesale Market[J]. China Fruits,2014(5):78-80.
[4]唐晓萍,董志刚,李晓梅,谭伟,马小河,赵旗峰,王敏.早熟四倍体葡萄新品种‘玫香宝’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(1):115-118.TANG Xiaoping,DONG Zhigang,LI Xiaomei,TAN Wei,MA Xiaohe,ZHAO Qifeng,WANG Min. A new early season tetraploid grape cultivar‘Meixiangbao’[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2017,34(1):115-118.
[5]刘崇怀,樊秀彩,姜建福,李民,孙海生,张颖,刘三军,王鹏,乔宝营,刘启山,魏志峰,吕中伟,张晓锋.鲜食葡萄新品种‘郑葡1号’的选育[J].果树学报,2016,33(8):1027-1029.LIU Chonghuai,FAN Xiucai,JIANG Jianfu,LI Min,SUN Haisheng,ZHANG Ying,LIU Sanjun,WANG Peng,QIAO Baoying,LIU Qishan,WEI Zhifeng,LüZhongwei,ZHANG Xiaofeng. Breeding of a new grape cultivar‘Zhengpu 1’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(8):1027-1029.