中国葡萄栽培中的主要平衡关系论述
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摘要
本文提出了我国葡萄栽培中应特别注意的多种平衡关系,分析了我国传统栽培中存在的几种较为严重的平衡关系处理不当的特例,提出了主要调控应对策略。指出:大树体结构和水平叶幕结构是前提,土壤性能是根本保障,配套的葡萄根系、土壤、肥料和水分管理是必要条件。同时强调在我国的特殊气候条件下,为做好地上部生长与地下部生长、储存营养与当年生物产量以及产量与品质之间的平衡,还需特别注意:提高有效土壤区域内的有机质含量,促进新梢尽早成熟,保护好果实采收后的架面有效性并维持更长的叶片功能期,减少单个果穗的重量,早期多留果穗,中后期疏除。
Multiple important vegetative and reproductive growth balancing relationships in viticulture of China have been proposed in this paper. Examples of serious improper practices in traditional grape growing management have been discussed. In order to regulate vegetative and reproductive growth in balance, major strategies have been proposed. Proper grapevine structure and canopy architecture was a prerequisite; appropriate physical and chemical characteristics of planting soil was a basis; management of grapevine root growth, soil practice, fertilization and water relationship were necessary conditions. Besides, under typical continental monsoon climate, it was of great importance to keep the balance between up-ground growth and under-ground growth, nutrient reserve and consumption, yield and berry quality. Improving the organic content of soil in planting regions, promoting shoot maturation, keeping the canopy well managed after harvest so that the leaves could still transport nutrients to the vine for a longer time. Custer thinning, keeping clusters in the early reproductive stage and conducting cluster removal in the later stage were suggested.
Multiple important vegetative and reproductive growth balancing relationships in viticulture of China have been proposed in this paper. Examples of serious improper practices in traditional grape growing management have been discussed. In order to regulate vegetative and reproductive growth in balance, major strategies have been proposed. Proper grapevine structure and canopy architecture was a prerequisite; appropriate physical and chemical characteristics of planting soil was a basis; management of grapevine root growth, soil practice, fertilization and water relationship were necessary conditions. Besides, under typical continental monsoon climate, it was of great importance to keep the balance between up-ground growth and under-ground growth, nutrient reserve and consumption, yield and berry quality. Improving the organic content of soil in planting regions, promoting shoot maturation, keeping the canopy well managed after harvest so that the leaves could still transport nutrients to the vine for a longer time. Custer thinning, keeping clusters in the early reproductive stage and conducting cluster removal in the later stage were suggested.
引文
[1]徐义流,张金云,高正辉.鲜食葡萄安全、高品质栽培关键技术[J].中国南方果树,2006(2):60-62.
[2]罗国光.酿酒葡萄产量与质量的关系及其调控[J].中国果树,1999(2):47-78,50.
[3]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.典型大陆季风气候葡萄设施栽培理念与策略分析[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2016(2):37-41.
[4]PETRIE P R,TROUGHT M C T,HOWELL G S.Growth and dry matter partitioning of Pinot Noir(Vitis vinifera L.)in relation to leaf area and crop load[J].Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,2000,6(1):40-45.
[5]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.埋土区葡萄‘顺行水平龙干形’篱架栽培根系分布特性研究[J].果树学报,2016,33(11):709-716.
[6]史祥宾,刘凤之,王孝娣,等.根域宽度对‘红地球’葡萄产量和品质及贮藏营养的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2018(2):1216.
[7]MARKUS KELLER.葡萄学:解剖学与生理学[M].王军,段长青,何非,等译.北京:科学出版社,2016.
[8]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.北京果品批发市场葡萄价格与品种结构分析[J].中国果树,2014(5):78-80.
[9]王东豪,张江辉,白云岗,等.葡萄根系层土壤含水率与冠气温差的相关性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018(10):172-175.
[10]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.多年生顺行水平龙干形葡萄树体结构评价与分析[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(6):26-30.
[2]罗国光.酿酒葡萄产量与质量的关系及其调控[J].中国果树,1999(2):47-78,50.
[3]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.典型大陆季风气候葡萄设施栽培理念与策略分析[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2016(2):37-41.
[4]PETRIE P R,TROUGHT M C T,HOWELL G S.Growth and dry matter partitioning of Pinot Noir(Vitis vinifera L.)in relation to leaf area and crop load[J].Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,2000,6(1):40-45.
[5]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.埋土区葡萄‘顺行水平龙干形’篱架栽培根系分布特性研究[J].果树学报,2016,33(11):709-716.
[6]史祥宾,刘凤之,王孝娣,等.根域宽度对‘红地球’葡萄产量和品质及贮藏营养的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2018(2):1216.
[7]MARKUS KELLER.葡萄学:解剖学与生理学[M].王军,段长青,何非,等译.北京:科学出版社,2016.
[8]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.北京果品批发市场葡萄价格与品种结构分析[J].中国果树,2014(5):78-80.
[9]王东豪,张江辉,白云岗,等.葡萄根系层土壤含水率与冠气温差的相关性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018(10):172-175.
[10]张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.多年生顺行水平龙干形葡萄树体结构评价与分析[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(6):26-30.