大落差天然气管道安全清管工艺条件
|
摘要
大落差地区的天然气管道清管时,受地形起伏和管道积液量的影响,清管器的运行速度容易发生剧烈波动;清管器与管道在弯头处碰撞,形成冲击载荷,威胁管道运行安全。以中缅天然气管道龙陵输气站至保山输气站大落差管段为例,基于管道仿真技术,分析清管器最大运行速度与管道压力、输量、积液量之间的关系,指出积液量是影响清管器最大运行速度的主导因素;确定管道应力不超过管材许用应力条件下的清管器最大允许运行速度,以及与之相对应的最大允许积液量;将积液量与管道输量、两端压差关联,提出由管道输量和压差所表征的管道安全清管工艺条件,为判断大落差天然气管道安全清管条件提供了可靠、实用的方法。
During the pigging of a natural gas pipeline in hilly areas, the running speed of pig tends to fluctuate violently due to the influence of topographic relief and liquid loading in the pipeline. The pig collides with the pipeline at the elbow and generates impact load, which threatens the safe operation of the pipeline. In this paper, the hilly pipeline section between Longling Gas Transmission Station and Baoshan Gas Transmission Station of China-Myanmar Natural Gas Pipeline was taken as an example. Based on the pipeline simulation technology, the relationships between the maximum running speed of the pig and the pressure, throughput and liquid loading amount of the pipeline were analyzed. It is indicated that the liquid loading amount is the dominant factor influencing the maximum allowable running speed of the pig. In addition,the maximum allowable running speed of the pig under the constraint that the pipeline stress shall not be higher than the material's allowable stress and its corresponding maximum allowable liquid loading amount are determined. Finally, the safe pigging condition characterized by pipeline throughput and pressure difference was presented by correlating the liquid loading amount with the pipeline throughput and the pressure difference between two terminals. It provides a reliable and practical method for discriminating the safe pigging conditions of hilly gas pipelines.
During the pigging of a natural gas pipeline in hilly areas, the running speed of pig tends to fluctuate violently due to the influence of topographic relief and liquid loading in the pipeline. The pig collides with the pipeline at the elbow and generates impact load, which threatens the safe operation of the pipeline. In this paper, the hilly pipeline section between Longling Gas Transmission Station and Baoshan Gas Transmission Station of China-Myanmar Natural Gas Pipeline was taken as an example. Based on the pipeline simulation technology, the relationships between the maximum running speed of the pig and the pressure, throughput and liquid loading amount of the pipeline were analyzed. It is indicated that the liquid loading amount is the dominant factor influencing the maximum allowable running speed of the pig. In addition,the maximum allowable running speed of the pig under the constraint that the pipeline stress shall not be higher than the material's allowable stress and its corresponding maximum allowable liquid loading amount are determined. Finally, the safe pigging condition characterized by pipeline throughput and pressure difference was presented by correlating the liquid loading amount with the pipeline throughput and the pressure difference between two terminals. It provides a reliable and practical method for discriminating the safe pigging conditions of hilly gas pipelines.
引文
[1]朱喜平.天然气长输管道清管技术[J].石油工程建设,2005,6(3):12-16.ZHU X P.Pigging technology of long distance natural gas pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2005,6(3):12-16.
[2]麻建军,谢焜,许明飞,等.清管工艺在天然气管道工程中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(12):92-93.MA J J,XIE K,XU M F,et al.Application of pipe cleaning technology in natural gas pipeline engineering[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2013,32(12):92-93.
[3]朱建平.浅谈清管器运行速度控制[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(2):70-72.ZHU J P.The study about the operation speed control of the pig[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2009,28(2):70-72.
[4]魏云港,李勇,刘畅,等.泡沫清管器在海底管道中的清洁能力分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(4):47-54.WEI Y G,LI Y,LIU C,et al.Cleaning capacity analysis of foam pig in submarine pipeline[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(4):47-54.
[5]王会坤,罗京新,戚菁菁.川气东送管道干线清管实践[J].油气储运,2015,34(4):408-412.WANG H K,LUO J X,QI J J.Pigging operation of the SichuanEast Gas Transmission Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(4):408-412.
[6]高超,王皓,郭东升.海底天然气管道清管风险分析及应对[J].天然气与石油,2016,34(5):6-11.GAO C,WANG H,GUO D S.Analysis on pigging risks of subsea gas pipeline and study on corresponding measures[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2016,34(5):6-11.
[7]陈福林,刘明亮,吴斌,等.长输天然气管道在地形起伏山区地段的清管[J].油气储运,2012,31(7):549-552.CHEN F L,LIU M L,WU B,et al.Pigging running of mountain gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(7):549-552.
[8]郭东升,闫青松,徐麦玲,等.长输天然气管道在线清管作业运行速度控制[J].油气储运,2013,32(12):1330-1335.GUO D S,YAN Q S,XU M L,et al.Control of on-line pigging operation speed for long-distance gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(12):1330-1335.
[9]刘国志,彭英伟,伍东,等.天然气管道完整性管理探析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(4):136-141.LIU G Z,PENG Y W,WU D,et al.Analysis on integrity management of natural gas pipelines[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(4):136-141.
[10]李长俊,刘浠尧,贾文龙,等.大落差天然气管道清管冲击分析[J].油气田地面工程,2015,34(12):46-48.LI C J,LIU X Y,JIA W L,et al.Impulse analysis of the large elevation difference natural gas pipeline[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2015,34(12):46-48.
[11]庄志环.起伏天然气管道持液率预测与清管规律研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016:46-61.ZHUANG Z H.Study on liquid holdup prediction and pigging law of undulating natural gas pipeline[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016:46-61.
[12]贾彦杰,许娟,周彬,等.中缅天然气管道大落差管段清管过程仿真研究[J].石油工程建设,2016,42(1):27-28.JIA Y J,XU J,ZHOU B,et al.Pigging simulation for pipeline sections with large elevation difference in China-Myanmar Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2016,42(1):27-28.
[13]徐洁,黄坤,廖柠,等.基于应力分析的高陡边坡输气管道安全性分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(12):110-115.XU J,HUANG K,LIAO N,et al.Safety analysis on gas pipeline at high and steep slope based on stress analysis[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(12):110-115.
[14]汪颖,顾继俊,王懿,等.内压与海床联合作用下海底管道撞击数值研究[J].石油机械,2018,46(2):115-119.WANG Y,GU J J,WANG Y,et al.Numerical Study of Impact on Submarine Pipeline under the joint action of seabed and internal pressure[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(2):115-119.
[15]刘浠尧,李长俊,彭阳,等.中缅天然气管道清管临界积液量研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(19):318-323.LIU X Y,LI C J,PENG Y,et al.Research on pigging critical effusion volume for the China-Burma Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(19):318-323.
[16]曾鸣,宋尚娜,王文明,等.基于有限元法的大落差管段清管冲击分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):100-103.ZENG M,SONG S N,WANG W M,et al.Dropping impact analysis of hilly pipeline pigging based on the finite element method[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):100-103.
[17]唱永磊.湿气管线积液与清管数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014:9-21.CHANG Y L.The simulation study on liquid inventory and pigging condensate gas pipeline[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2014:9-21.
[18]李井洋,田明磊.海底长输管道序列清管运行速度规律研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(4):689-692,710.LI J Y,TIAN M L.Research on running speed law of pigging in sequence inside submarine pipelines[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(4):689-692,710.
[19]明贤军.天然气长输管道可控速清管器设计与研究[D].成都:西华大学,2017:11-30.MING X J.Design and research of bypass pig for long distance natural gas pipeline[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2017:11-30.
[20]刘卫国,姚安林,李又绿,等.冲击载荷作用下含裂纹高压埋地输气管道的安全性评定[J].固体力学学报,2010,31(增刊1):109-114.LIU W G,YAO A L,LI Y L,et al.Safety assessment of high pressure buried gas pipeline with crack under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2010,31(S1):109-114.
[21]李长俊,贾文龙.油气管道多相流[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:181-208.LI C J,JIA W L.Multiphase flow in oil and gas pipelines[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015:181-208.
[22]陈思锭,汪是洋,付剑梅,等.输气管道清管周期的影响因素及确定方法[J].油气储运,2013,32(4):392-396,400.CHEN S D,WANG S Y,FU J M,et al.Influencing factors and determination methods of gas pipeline pigging cycle[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(4):392-396,400.
[2]麻建军,谢焜,许明飞,等.清管工艺在天然气管道工程中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(12):92-93.MA J J,XIE K,XU M F,et al.Application of pipe cleaning technology in natural gas pipeline engineering[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2013,32(12):92-93.
[3]朱建平.浅谈清管器运行速度控制[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(2):70-72.ZHU J P.The study about the operation speed control of the pig[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2009,28(2):70-72.
[4]魏云港,李勇,刘畅,等.泡沫清管器在海底管道中的清洁能力分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(4):47-54.WEI Y G,LI Y,LIU C,et al.Cleaning capacity analysis of foam pig in submarine pipeline[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(4):47-54.
[5]王会坤,罗京新,戚菁菁.川气东送管道干线清管实践[J].油气储运,2015,34(4):408-412.WANG H K,LUO J X,QI J J.Pigging operation of the SichuanEast Gas Transmission Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(4):408-412.
[6]高超,王皓,郭东升.海底天然气管道清管风险分析及应对[J].天然气与石油,2016,34(5):6-11.GAO C,WANG H,GUO D S.Analysis on pigging risks of subsea gas pipeline and study on corresponding measures[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2016,34(5):6-11.
[7]陈福林,刘明亮,吴斌,等.长输天然气管道在地形起伏山区地段的清管[J].油气储运,2012,31(7):549-552.CHEN F L,LIU M L,WU B,et al.Pigging running of mountain gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(7):549-552.
[8]郭东升,闫青松,徐麦玲,等.长输天然气管道在线清管作业运行速度控制[J].油气储运,2013,32(12):1330-1335.GUO D S,YAN Q S,XU M L,et al.Control of on-line pigging operation speed for long-distance gas pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(12):1330-1335.
[9]刘国志,彭英伟,伍东,等.天然气管道完整性管理探析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(4):136-141.LIU G Z,PENG Y W,WU D,et al.Analysis on integrity management of natural gas pipelines[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(4):136-141.
[10]李长俊,刘浠尧,贾文龙,等.大落差天然气管道清管冲击分析[J].油气田地面工程,2015,34(12):46-48.LI C J,LIU X Y,JIA W L,et al.Impulse analysis of the large elevation difference natural gas pipeline[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2015,34(12):46-48.
[11]庄志环.起伏天然气管道持液率预测与清管规律研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016:46-61.ZHUANG Z H.Study on liquid holdup prediction and pigging law of undulating natural gas pipeline[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2016:46-61.
[12]贾彦杰,许娟,周彬,等.中缅天然气管道大落差管段清管过程仿真研究[J].石油工程建设,2016,42(1):27-28.JIA Y J,XU J,ZHOU B,et al.Pigging simulation for pipeline sections with large elevation difference in China-Myanmar Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2016,42(1):27-28.
[13]徐洁,黄坤,廖柠,等.基于应力分析的高陡边坡输气管道安全性分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(12):110-115.XU J,HUANG K,LIAO N,et al.Safety analysis on gas pipeline at high and steep slope based on stress analysis[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(12):110-115.
[14]汪颖,顾继俊,王懿,等.内压与海床联合作用下海底管道撞击数值研究[J].石油机械,2018,46(2):115-119.WANG Y,GU J J,WANG Y,et al.Numerical Study of Impact on Submarine Pipeline under the joint action of seabed and internal pressure[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(2):115-119.
[15]刘浠尧,李长俊,彭阳,等.中缅天然气管道清管临界积液量研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(19):318-323.LIU X Y,LI C J,PENG Y,et al.Research on pigging critical effusion volume for the China-Burma Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(19):318-323.
[16]曾鸣,宋尚娜,王文明,等.基于有限元法的大落差管段清管冲击分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):100-103.ZENG M,SONG S N,WANG W M,et al.Dropping impact analysis of hilly pipeline pigging based on the finite element method[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):100-103.
[17]唱永磊.湿气管线积液与清管数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014:9-21.CHANG Y L.The simulation study on liquid inventory and pigging condensate gas pipeline[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2014:9-21.
[18]李井洋,田明磊.海底长输管道序列清管运行速度规律研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(4):689-692,710.LI J Y,TIAN M L.Research on running speed law of pigging in sequence inside submarine pipelines[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(4):689-692,710.
[19]明贤军.天然气长输管道可控速清管器设计与研究[D].成都:西华大学,2017:11-30.MING X J.Design and research of bypass pig for long distance natural gas pipeline[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2017:11-30.
[20]刘卫国,姚安林,李又绿,等.冲击载荷作用下含裂纹高压埋地输气管道的安全性评定[J].固体力学学报,2010,31(增刊1):109-114.LIU W G,YAO A L,LI Y L,et al.Safety assessment of high pressure buried gas pipeline with crack under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2010,31(S1):109-114.
[21]李长俊,贾文龙.油气管道多相流[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:181-208.LI C J,JIA W L.Multiphase flow in oil and gas pipelines[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015:181-208.
[22]陈思锭,汪是洋,付剑梅,等.输气管道清管周期的影响因素及确定方法[J].油气储运,2013,32(4):392-396,400.CHEN S D,WANG S Y,FU J M,et al.Influencing factors and determination methods of gas pipeline pigging cycle[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(4):392-396,400.