我国枸杞的国际贸易情况及问题分析
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摘要
枸杞是我国的名贵中药材,也是大宗的出口中药材,2008—2017年,我国枸杞主要以出口为主,伴有少量进口。10年间出口总量和出口金额分别为82 182. 08 t和69 662. 20万美元,年出口总量稳中有增。出口枸杞来自于31个省市(自治区),通过35个海关口岸流向全球105个国家和地区。亚洲和欧美为主要的出口地区,宁夏自治区是最主要的输出省,天津关口是枸杞最大的输出口岸。相较于出口量,进口几乎可以忽略不计,主要来自朝鲜,存在国货复进口的情况,绝大部分进口是通过吉林省长春海关进入国内市场。未来需要加大对枸杞基础研究的投入,加快标准化的进程,提高枸杞产品的科技含量和附加值,进一步提升枸杞产业的国际竞争力。
Wolfberry has important unique medical values as well as edible and commerce values. In this paper,we analyze the characteristics and problems of international trade of wolfberry based on the customs data between 2008 and 2017. During periods of these ten years,the wolfberry was mainly exported with a small proportions of imports. The total export volume increased steadily,reached 82 182. 08 tons and 696. 622 million dollars respectively. Wolfberry came from 31 provinces/autonomous regions and exported to 105 countries and regions through 21 ports. Most of the total exports of wolfberry flew to markets of Asia and Europe,the Ningxia autonomous region was the major export province. Large amount of wolfberry exported through Tianjin port. Compared with the export volume,the import is almost negligible,mainly coming from North Korea,almost all through Changchun port,Jilin province to enter the domestic market. There is a situation of"import of domestic goods". To enhance the international competitiveness of wolf berry industry,we must rely on the fundamental research of wolfberry,speed up the standardization process,strengthen the scientific and technological innovation in wolfberry products,improve the added value and profit of wolfberry.
Wolfberry has important unique medical values as well as edible and commerce values. In this paper,we analyze the characteristics and problems of international trade of wolfberry based on the customs data between 2008 and 2017. During periods of these ten years,the wolfberry was mainly exported with a small proportions of imports. The total export volume increased steadily,reached 82 182. 08 tons and 696. 622 million dollars respectively. Wolfberry came from 31 provinces/autonomous regions and exported to 105 countries and regions through 21 ports. Most of the total exports of wolfberry flew to markets of Asia and Europe,the Ningxia autonomous region was the major export province. Large amount of wolfberry exported through Tianjin port. Compared with the export volume,the import is almost negligible,mainly coming from North Korea,almost all through Changchun port,Jilin province to enter the domestic market. There is a situation of"import of domestic goods". To enhance the international competitiveness of wolf berry industry,we must rely on the fundamental research of wolfberry,speed up the standardization process,strengthen the scientific and technological innovation in wolfberry products,improve the added value and profit of wolfberry.
引文
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[2] Yu M S,Ho Y S,So K F,et al. Cytoprotective effects of Lycium barbarum against reducing stress on endoplasmic reticulum[J].Int J Mol Med,2006,17(6):1157.
[3] Zhang R,Ah Kang K,Piao M J,et al. Cytoprotective effect of the fruits of Lycium chinense Miller against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2010,130(2):299.
[4] Kulczyński B,Gramza-Michaowska A. Goji berry(Lycium barbarum):composition and health effects-a review[J]. Pol J Food Nutr Sci,2016,66(2):67.
[5] Masci A,Carradori S,Casadei M A,et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides:extraction,purification,structural characterisation and evidence about hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects-a review[J]. Food Chem,2018,254:377.
[6]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.枸杞多糖的提取纯化与分子结构研究进展及产业化开发现状与前景分析[J].中草药,2017,48(3):424.
[7] Potterat O. Goji(Lycium barbarum and L. chinense):phytochemistry,pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity[J]. Planta Med,2010(76):7.
[8]钱丹,纪瑞锋,郭威,等.中国枸杞属种间亲缘关系和栽培枸杞起源研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2017,42(17):3282.
[9]徐峰.宁夏枸杞产业竞争力研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[10]王诺,马帅,杨光.我国中药资源进出口贸易及其潜力分析[J].国际贸易,2017(5):20.
[11]温淑萍,王琛,张治华.宁夏枸杞产业发展及全产业链技术创新趋势分析[J].农业展望,2018(3):53.
[12]胡明丽.对中国国货复进口的再探讨[J].学理论,2012(28):71.
[13]周永锋,陈新来,宋克勤,等.我国枸杞标准体系建设现状及对策建议[J].农产品质量与安全,2017(3):78.
[14]徐常青,刘赛,徐荣,等.我国枸杞主产区生产现状调研及建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014(11):1979.
[15]魏金曼.中药产业国际竞争力及其影响因素分析[D].宁波:宁波大学,2015.
[16]李强,梁勇,闵庆文,等.宁夏中宁枸杞产业发展现状及对策研究[J].北方园艺,2015(9):168.