装载机后车架焊接顺序优化的数值仿真
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摘要
利用热弹塑性有限元法和Marc对装载机后车架的焊接变形进行数值仿真.分别用壳单元和实体单元进行仿真,对比焊接角变形,结果表明两者精度比较相似.建立后车架壳单元热-力耦合模型,定性对比在相同约束条件下焊接顺序对整个后车架结构内缩变形和面外弯曲变形的影响.结果表明,在先焊接框架焊缝的条件下,整体结构刚度增大,各种变形较小;其中,当采用正/反面焊缝、立焊缝依次焊接时,大梁下挠峰值最小,为0.002 m,从而确定后车架最佳焊接顺序方案,在该顺序下的变形模拟值与实测值吻合良好.
The numerical simulation is performed on welding deformation of loader rear frame using thermo-elastoplastic finite element method and Marc. The welding angular deformation obtained by simulation using shell element is compared with that obtained by simulation using solid element,which shows that the accuracies of both the simulation results are in good consistency. A thermal-mechanical coupling model of rear frame using shell element is built. Under the same constraint conditions,the effects of welding sequences on the in-plane shrinkage deformation and out-of-plane bending deformation of whole rear frame are compared qualitatively. The results show that,under the condition of welding frame welds firstly,the rigidity of the whole structure increases and all kinds of deformations become smaller; under the welding sequence,if the front /reverse side welds and vertical welds are welded in turn,the beam bottom deflection peak is 0. 002 m,which is the lowest value compared with that obtained by other sequences; so the optimal welding sequence is determined,under which the simulated values of deformation are in good consistence with the measured values.
The numerical simulation is performed on welding deformation of loader rear frame using thermo-elastoplastic finite element method and Marc. The welding angular deformation obtained by simulation using shell element is compared with that obtained by simulation using solid element,which shows that the accuracies of both the simulation results are in good consistency. A thermal-mechanical coupling model of rear frame using shell element is built. Under the same constraint conditions,the effects of welding sequences on the in-plane shrinkage deformation and out-of-plane bending deformation of whole rear frame are compared qualitatively. The results show that,under the condition of welding frame welds firstly,the rigidity of the whole structure increases and all kinds of deformations become smaller; under the welding sequence,if the front /reverse side welds and vertical welds are welded in turn,the beam bottom deflection peak is 0. 002 m,which is the lowest value compared with that obtained by other sequences; so the optimal welding sequence is determined,under which the simulated values of deformation are in good consistence with the measured values.
引文
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[4]张学秋,杨建国,刘雪松,等.焊接顺序对整体叶盘圆度影响的有限元分析[J].焊接学报,2010,31(3):57-60.ZHANG Xueqiu,YANG Jianguo,LIU Xuesong,et al.Finite element analysis of welding sequence impact on blisk roundness[J].Trans China Welding Institution,2010,31(3):57-60.
[5]王苹,王强,刘雪松,等.基于FEM的高速列车地板结构焊接顺序优化[J].焊接学报,2012,33(8):45-48.WANG Ping,WANG Qiang,LIU Xuesong,et al.Welding sequence optimization for high-speed rail floor based on FEM[J].Trans China Welding Institution,2012,33(8):45-48.
[6]周广涛,胡继超,方洪渊.动臂梁焊接顺序优化减小焊接变形模拟预测[J].计算机辅助工程,2013,22(5):96-100.ZHOU Guangtao,HU Jichao,FANG Hongyuan.Simulation and prediction for welding deformation reducing by welding sequence optimization of movable arm beam[J].Comput Aided Eng,2013,22(5):96-100.
[7]方洪渊.焊接结构学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:7-15.
[8]武奇,邱惠清,郑洋.基于壳单元的焊接接头的结构应力求解[J].焊接学报,2010,31(7):22-26.WU Qi,QIU Huiqing,ZHENG Yang.Structural stress solution of welded joints based on shell element[J].Trans China Welding Institution,2010,31(7):22-26.
[9]徐芝纶.弹性力学:下册[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:100-117.