校车3点式安全带肩带固定点位置优化
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摘要
为研究校车3点式安全带肩带上部有效固定点布置位置对12岁儿童乘员损伤的影响,在多刚体动力学软件(MADYMO)中建立包括校车地板、前后排座椅、安全带和假人的校车正面碰撞工况下的约束系统模型。利用一款经过验证的校车模型进行仿真试验,通过正交试验方法优化肩带上部有效固定点位置,研究安全带对12岁儿童乘员的保护效果。结果表明,肩带上部有效固定点位置高度接近12岁儿童肩部高度,对其位置正交优化后,根据儿童完全伤害评价指标(WIC)选出的最佳位置为(-0.197,0.024,0.52),相较于2点式安全带,采用该位置的3点式安全带对应12岁儿童的头部伤害指标(HIC15)降低84.8%,颈部伤害指标(Nij)降低68.9%,胸部压缩量(THPC)虽升高了271.5%但仍在标准限值内。
In order to study the influence of the upper effective fixed point position of school buses threepoint safety belt on injuries to 12-year-old children, a school bus constraint system model was built in MADYMO(Mathematical Dynamic Model)for the frontal impact simulation, including bus floor, front and rear seats, safety belt and dummy. The simulation model used in this paper had been validated by sled test.The upper effective belt fixed point position was optimized by orthogonal experiment method, and protection provided by the belt to 12-year-old child occupant was studied. The results show that the upper effective belt fixed point position is close to the height of 12-year-old child's shoulder, after the orthogonal optimization of it's position, the best position(-0.197,0.024,0.52)is selected based on comprehensive evaluation index WIC(Weighted Injury Criteria),that compared to two-point safety belt, three point safety belt, of which upper effective fixed point is at the best position, can make 12-year-old child occupant's: HIC15(Head Injury Criteria)decrease by 84.8%, Nij decrease by 68.9%, THPC(Thorax Performance Criteria) increase by 271.5%, and the chest compression is smaller than the standard limiting value.
In order to study the influence of the upper effective fixed point position of school buses threepoint safety belt on injuries to 12-year-old children, a school bus constraint system model was built in MADYMO(Mathematical Dynamic Model)for the frontal impact simulation, including bus floor, front and rear seats, safety belt and dummy. The simulation model used in this paper had been validated by sled test.The upper effective belt fixed point position was optimized by orthogonal experiment method, and protection provided by the belt to 12-year-old child occupant was studied. The results show that the upper effective belt fixed point position is close to the height of 12-year-old child's shoulder, after the orthogonal optimization of it's position, the best position(-0.197,0.024,0.52)is selected based on comprehensive evaluation index WIC(Weighted Injury Criteria),that compared to two-point safety belt, three point safety belt, of which upper effective fixed point is at the best position, can make 12-year-old child occupant's: HIC15(Head Injury Criteria)decrease by 84.8%, Nij decrease by 68.9%, THPC(Thorax Performance Criteria) increase by 271.5%, and the chest compression is smaller than the standard limiting value.
引文
[1]石文惠.我国校车安全现状及应对措施[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(8):1 023-1 024.SHI Wenhui.The school bus safety situation and countermeasures in China[J].Chinese Journal of School Health,2013,34(8):1 023-1 024.
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[3]FMVSS 208,Occupant crash protection[S].2008.
[4]ECE R80,Uniform provisions concerning the approval of seats of large passenger vehicles and of these vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages[S].2007.
[5]宁佐归.校车四点式儿童安全带的结构设计及仿真研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.NING Zuogui.Structural design and simulation of a four-point child safety belt for school buses[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2014.
[6]GB24407—2012,专用校车安全技术条件[S].GB24407-2012,The safety technique specifications of special school buses[S].
[7]GB 14166—2003,机动车成年乘员用安全带和约束系统[S].GB 14166-2003,Safety belts and restraint systems for adult occupants of motor vehicle[S].
[8]LI Zhigang,GE Hao,ZHANG Jinhuan,et al.The necessity of evaluating child neck injury in frontal collision of school bus for transportation safety[J].Safety Science,2014,62(1):441-449.
[9]胡国武.汽车碰撞中儿童乘员的损伤及防护研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.HU Guowu.The research on child occupants'injury and prevention in vehicle impacts[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.
[10]刘双,佟晓磊.后排三点式安全带布置方式及法规要求探讨[C].2012MADE汽车内外饰产品开发及新材料应用研讨会论文集,2012:85-88.LIU Shuang,TONG Xiaolei.Discussion on rear seat three-point belt arrangement mode and regulation requirement[C].Proceedings of 2012MADE Seminar on the Development of Automotive Interior and Exterior Decoration Products and the Application of new Materials,2012:85-88.
[11]黄宝丽,戴礼强,邹凌华,等.三点式汽车安全带布置形式及有效固定点法规分析[J].汽车与安全,2012(1):49-51.HUANG Baoli,DAI Liqiang,ZOU Linghua,et al.Three-point safety belt layout for automobile and the analysis of the fixed point regulations[J].Auto&Safety,2012(1):49-51.
[12]GB24406—2012,专用校车学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度[S].GB24406-2012,The strength of student seat systems and their anchorages of special school bus[S].
[13]葛如海,陈珣,张学荣,等.校车儿童安全气囊安全性仿真分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(3):9-15.GE Ruhai,CHEN Xun,ZHANG Xuerong,et al.Research on safety of school bus airbag for child occupant[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(3):9-15.
[14]GB/T 26158—2010,中国未成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 26158-2010,Human dimensions of Chinese minors[S].
[15]GB14167—2013,汽车安全带安装固定点、ISOFIX固定点系统及上拉带固定点[S].GB14167-2013,Safety-belt anchorages,ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX top tether anchorages for vehicles[S].
[16]张君媛,毕莹,周剑,等.面向欧洲新车评价的汽车正面碰撞儿童座椅参数设计[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(8):983-987.ZHANG Junyuan,BI Ying,ZHOU Jian,et al.Child restraint system parameter design of a CAR for the frontal crash mode in E-NCAP[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(8):983-987.
[17]马伟杰.基于6岁离位儿童乘员的安全气囊参数优化研究.[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.MA Weijie.Optimization of the airbag parameters based on 6-year-old children out-of-position passengers[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.
[2]丁芝华.美国的校车安全立法研究[J].公安交通科技窗,2010(1):61-64.DING Zhihua.School bus safety legislation in the United States[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2010(1):61-64.
[3]FMVSS 208,Occupant crash protection[S].2008.
[4]ECE R80,Uniform provisions concerning the approval of seats of large passenger vehicles and of these vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages[S].2007.
[5]宁佐归.校车四点式儿童安全带的结构设计及仿真研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.NING Zuogui.Structural design and simulation of a four-point child safety belt for school buses[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2014.
[6]GB24407—2012,专用校车安全技术条件[S].GB24407-2012,The safety technique specifications of special school buses[S].
[7]GB 14166—2003,机动车成年乘员用安全带和约束系统[S].GB 14166-2003,Safety belts and restraint systems for adult occupants of motor vehicle[S].
[8]LI Zhigang,GE Hao,ZHANG Jinhuan,et al.The necessity of evaluating child neck injury in frontal collision of school bus for transportation safety[J].Safety Science,2014,62(1):441-449.
[9]胡国武.汽车碰撞中儿童乘员的损伤及防护研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.HU Guowu.The research on child occupants'injury and prevention in vehicle impacts[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.
[10]刘双,佟晓磊.后排三点式安全带布置方式及法规要求探讨[C].2012MADE汽车内外饰产品开发及新材料应用研讨会论文集,2012:85-88.LIU Shuang,TONG Xiaolei.Discussion on rear seat three-point belt arrangement mode and regulation requirement[C].Proceedings of 2012MADE Seminar on the Development of Automotive Interior and Exterior Decoration Products and the Application of new Materials,2012:85-88.
[11]黄宝丽,戴礼强,邹凌华,等.三点式汽车安全带布置形式及有效固定点法规分析[J].汽车与安全,2012(1):49-51.HUANG Baoli,DAI Liqiang,ZOU Linghua,et al.Three-point safety belt layout for automobile and the analysis of the fixed point regulations[J].Auto&Safety,2012(1):49-51.
[12]GB24406—2012,专用校车学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度[S].GB24406-2012,The strength of student seat systems and their anchorages of special school bus[S].
[13]葛如海,陈珣,张学荣,等.校车儿童安全气囊安全性仿真分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(3):9-15.GE Ruhai,CHEN Xun,ZHANG Xuerong,et al.Research on safety of school bus airbag for child occupant[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(3):9-15.
[14]GB/T 26158—2010,中国未成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 26158-2010,Human dimensions of Chinese minors[S].
[15]GB14167—2013,汽车安全带安装固定点、ISOFIX固定点系统及上拉带固定点[S].GB14167-2013,Safety-belt anchorages,ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX top tether anchorages for vehicles[S].
[16]张君媛,毕莹,周剑,等.面向欧洲新车评价的汽车正面碰撞儿童座椅参数设计[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(8):983-987.ZHANG Junyuan,BI Ying,ZHOU Jian,et al.Child restraint system parameter design of a CAR for the frontal crash mode in E-NCAP[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(8):983-987.
[17]马伟杰.基于6岁离位儿童乘员的安全气囊参数优化研究.[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.MA Weijie.Optimization of the airbag parameters based on 6-year-old children out-of-position passengers[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.