激光熔覆Cr_3C_2/Ni基复合涂层的磨削特性
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摘要
为研究不同磨削参数、不同质量分数及粒度的Cr_3C_2对激光熔覆Cr_3C_2/Ni基复合涂层磨削表面质量的影响规律,探究其磨削特征及磨削表面缺陷的形成机理,采用CBN砂轮对激光熔覆Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层进行磨削实验.实验结果表明:Cr_3C_2/Ni基复合涂层磨削表面的加工缺陷主要产生于Ni合金基体中形成的堆积、犁沟、局部崩碎、裂纹,以及破碎的Cr_3C_2颗粒和由于破碎的Cr_3C_2脱落、被压碎的Cr_3C_2颗粒产生的表面凹坑等.在较小的切深和较低质量分数的Cr_3C_2条件下,Ni合金基体中较容易形成堆积;随着切深的增加,Ni合金基体中的犁沟加深,局部出现崩碎;当涂层中的Cr_3C_2质量分数高于20%时,Ni合金基体中甚至出现裂纹;涂层中Cr_3C_2质量分数达到30%时,磨削表面出现较多破碎的Cr_3C_2和凹坑.在相同的磨削参数下,涂层磨削表面粗糙度随着熔覆层中Cr_3C_2粒径的增大而增大,随着Cr_3C_2质量分数的增加而降低,但Cr_3C_2质量分数超过20%时,涂层的粗糙度反而略有上升.减小Cr_3C_2的粒径和提高砂轮的线速度可以减少涂层磨削缺陷的产生.
To study the effects of different grinding parameters,different mass fraction and sizes of Cr_3C_2 on ground surface quality of the laser cladding Cr_3C_2/Ni based composite coating,as well as to explore the grinding characteristics and the generation mechanism of the ground surface defects,the grinding experiment was conducted by using CBN grinding wheel,and the results show that the defects on the ground surface of laser cladding Cr_3C_2/Ni based composite coating mainly include two categories: one is generated in the Ni based alloy which includes debris adherence,grinding traces,micro-crack and cracks; the other is the broken Cr_3C_2 particles and voids generated by the pullout of the broken Cr_3C_2. The debris adherence in the Ni based alloy is easier to form under the condition of smaller depth of cut and lower Cr_3C_2 mass fraction in the coating. As the cutting depth increases,deeper grinding marks and micro-crack appear. The cracks form in the Ni based alloy when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 in the coating is higher than 20%. More voids are found on the ground surface when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 is 30%. Under the same grinding parameters,the Ravalue of ground coating increases with the increase of the size of Cr_3C_2 particles and decreases with the increase of mass fraction of Cr_3C_2. However,the Ravalue increases slightly when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 exceeds 20%. The experimental results reveal that there are fewer defects on the ground surface when the size of Cr_3C_2 is smaller and the wheel speed is higher.
To study the effects of different grinding parameters,different mass fraction and sizes of Cr_3C_2 on ground surface quality of the laser cladding Cr_3C_2/Ni based composite coating,as well as to explore the grinding characteristics and the generation mechanism of the ground surface defects,the grinding experiment was conducted by using CBN grinding wheel,and the results show that the defects on the ground surface of laser cladding Cr_3C_2/Ni based composite coating mainly include two categories: one is generated in the Ni based alloy which includes debris adherence,grinding traces,micro-crack and cracks; the other is the broken Cr_3C_2 particles and voids generated by the pullout of the broken Cr_3C_2. The debris adherence in the Ni based alloy is easier to form under the condition of smaller depth of cut and lower Cr_3C_2 mass fraction in the coating. As the cutting depth increases,deeper grinding marks and micro-crack appear. The cracks form in the Ni based alloy when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 in the coating is higher than 20%. More voids are found on the ground surface when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 is 30%. Under the same grinding parameters,the Ravalue of ground coating increases with the increase of the size of Cr_3C_2 particles and decreases with the increase of mass fraction of Cr_3C_2. However,the Ravalue increases slightly when the mass fraction of Cr_3C_2 exceeds 20%. The experimental results reveal that there are fewer defects on the ground surface when the size of Cr_3C_2 is smaller and the wheel speed is higher.
引文
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[15]于晓玲.高体积分数Si Cp/Al复合材料精密磨削机理及表面评价研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2012YU Xiaoling. Research on precision grinding mechanism and surface evalution of Si C/Al composites with high volume fraction[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2012
[2]林成虎.激光熔覆碳化铬一镍基复合涂层的制备与摩擦学研究[D].延边:延边大学,2013LIN Chenghu. Study on the process and tribology of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-base composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding[D]. Yanbian:Yanbian University,2013
[3]WANG Chenlei,GAO Yuan,WANG Rong,et al. Microstructure of laser-clad Ni60 cladding layers added with different amounts of rareearth oxides on 6063 Al alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,740:1099. DOI:org/10. 1016/j. jallcom. 2018.01. 061
[4]VERDI D,GARRIDO M A,POZA P,et al. Cr3C2incorporation into an Inconel 625 laser cladded coating:Effects on matrix microstructure,mechanical properties and local scratch resistance[J]. Materials and Design,2015,67(4):20. DOI:org/10. 1016/j. matdes.2014. 10. 086
[5]ZANG Chuncheng,WANG Yanzhong,ZHANG Yidu,et al. Microstructure and wear-resistant properties of Ni Cr-Cr3C2coating with Ni45 transition layer produced by laser cladding[J]. Rare Metals,2015,34(7):491. DOI:10. 1007/s12598-015-0492-7
[6]俞佳,罗来马,郦剑,等.激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni涂层的组织特征[J],功能材料,2009,40:899YU Jia,LUO Laima,LI Jian,et al. Microstructure of laser cladding Cr3C2/Ni coating[J]. Functional Materials,2009,40:899
[7]曹根,张凤林,刘鹏,等.Al/Si C复合材料磨削加工研究进展(上)[J].超硬材料工程,2013,25(6):11CAO Gen,ZHANG Fenglin,LIU Peng,et al. Research progress in grinding of Al/SiC composites(Part 1)[J]. Superhard Materials Engineering,2013,25(6):11
[8]周晓玉.超细晶粒硬质合金磨削实验研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013ZHOU Xiaoyu. The experimental research on grinding of ultra-fine grain cemented carbide[D]. changsha:Hunan University,2013
[9]林允森,董世运,田欣利,等.激光熔覆硬韧材料齿面的电解磨削[J].中国表面工程,2009,22(2):53. DOI:1001-3806(2004)06-0591-04LIN Yunsen, DONG Shiyun, TIAN Xinli, et al. Electrolytic grinding of tooth surface of laser cladding hard and tough material[J].Chinese Surface Engineering,2009,22(2):53. DOI:1001-3806(2004)06-0591-04
[10]喻泽文. WC/Fe激光熔覆涂层的制备及磨削加工性研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2016YU Zewen. Study on WC/Fe composite coating by laser cladding and its grinding machinability[D]. Xiamen:Huaqiao University,2016
[11]KAR S,BANDYOPADHYAYA P P,PAUL S,et al. High speed and precision grinding of plasma sprayed oxide ceramic coatings[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(17):15316. DOI:10. 1016/j.ceramint. 2017. 08. 071
[12]盛晓敏.超高速磨削技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:154SHENG Xiaomin. Super-high-speed grinding technology[M]. Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2010:174
[13]ILL A D,PAOLETTI A. A comparison between conventional abrasives in grinding of SiC-aluminum composities[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2000,40(2):173.DOI:org/10. 1016/S0890-6955(99)00061-9
[14]DING Wenfeng,ZHAO Biao,XU Jiuhua,et al. Grinding behavior and surface appearance of(Ti Cp+Ti Bw)/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composite[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2014,27(5):1334. DOI:org/10. 1016/j. cja. 2014. 08. 0061000-9361
[15]于晓玲.高体积分数Si Cp/Al复合材料精密磨削机理及表面评价研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2012YU Xiaoling. Research on precision grinding mechanism and surface evalution of Si C/Al composites with high volume fraction[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2012