离心超重力诱发水稻变异效应初报
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摘要
为了研究离心超重力是否对水稻产生诱变作用,通过采用9个不同的离心超重力和处理时间组合处理水稻品种矮秀占的萌动种子,并对处理后代进行研究。结果表明,随着处理的离心超重力加大和处理时间延长,发芽率下降,M2代的变异频率上升。处理效果以超重力为12000×g,处理时间60min最好。处理M1代未发现明显的表型变异,M2代发生多样性变异,主要表现在茎秆、叶片、生育期、穗部性状、籽粒、稻米外观和直链淀粉含量,并可以稳定遗传。说明离心超重力不仅对水稻处理当代植株的生长发育产生抑制作用,而且可以诱发水稻产生明显的可遗传变异,可以作为一种新的诱变育种手段。
The germinating seeds of the rice cultivar Aixiuzhan were treated with 9 different combinations of centrifugal forces and treatment times and cultivated for generations in order to see if the centrifugal force had induction to rice.The results showed that,their germination percentage was decreased,and the rate of induced mutation increased in their M 2 generation while the centrifugal force increased,and the treatment duration extended.The highest rate of the induced mutation was presented under the combination of 12000 × g centrifugal force and 60 minutes of treatment time.There was no visible mutation founded in M1 generation,but there were varied inheritable mutations founded in M2 generation,and those were hereditary stably.The variations mainly happened on the stem,leaf,growth duration,panicle,grain,appearance and amylose content.It indicated that,the centrifugal force could inhibit the germination of rice seeds in M1,and did also induce inheritable mutations in rice seeds which could be used as a new induced mutation technique for rice breeding.
The germinating seeds of the rice cultivar Aixiuzhan were treated with 9 different combinations of centrifugal forces and treatment times and cultivated for generations in order to see if the centrifugal force had induction to rice.The results showed that,their germination percentage was decreased,and the rate of induced mutation increased in their M 2 generation while the centrifugal force increased,and the treatment duration extended.The highest rate of the induced mutation was presented under the combination of 12000 × g centrifugal force and 60 minutes of treatment time.There was no visible mutation founded in M1 generation,but there were varied inheritable mutations founded in M2 generation,and those were hereditary stably.The variations mainly happened on the stem,leaf,growth duration,panicle,grain,appearance and amylose content.It indicated that,the centrifugal force could inhibit the germination of rice seeds in M1,and did also induce inheritable mutations in rice seeds which could be used as a new induced mutation technique for rice breeding.
引文
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[2]汪宁,许峥,张丰收,等.离子注入线辣椒F2代表型观察及变异分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(02):109-113.
[3]邓传良,贾彦彦,任映雪,等.离子注入诱变莲花突变体分子机理的初步研究[J].遗传,2011,33(1):81-87.
[4]李万云,李韬.激光诱变育种技术的研究与开发应用前景[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(S1):57-60.
[5]王昆林,张金良,王莹.激光和高压均强电场诱变育种研究——激光和高压均强电场辐射对水稻种子发芽率的影响[J].应用激光,2006,26(3):198-200.
[6]刘录详,郭会君,赵林姝,等.我国作物航天育种20年的基本成就与展望[J].核农学报,2007,21(6):589-592.
[7]陈志强,郭涛,刘永柱,等.水稻航天育种研究进展与展望[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(1):1-5.
[8]温贤芳,张龙,戴维序,等.天地结合开展我国空间诱变育种研究[J].核农学报,2004,18(4):241-246.
[9]韦善富,王威豪,谢丽萍,等.微波辐射对水稻生长发育的影响[J].广西农业科学,2008,39(4):466-469.
[10]何秀英,徐世平,廖耀平,等.水稻高压变异材料的SSR标记和叶片可溶性蛋白质含量分析[J].中国水稻科学,2003,17(4):373-375.
[11]李桂双,白成科,段俊,等.静水高压处理对水稻植株生理特性的影响[J].高压物理学报,2003,17(2):112-127.
[12]袁惠新.分离技术与环境保护[J].化工装备技术,2008,29(5):15-20.
[13]盛佳,曾衍钧,庄逢源.离心法与细胞显微操作法对内皮细胞-白细胞黏附特性的初步研究[J].生物物理学报,1999,15(1):186-192.
[14]Ankley G T,Katko A,Arthur J.Identificatiou of ammonia as an important sediment-associated toxicant in the lower Fox River and Green Bay,Wisconsin[J].Environ.Toxicol.Chem,1990(9):313-322.
[15]张丰德,王秀玲.现代生物学技术[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2000:130-143.
[16]欣顿R,多布罗塔M.密度梯度离心[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:2-19.
[17]Johann B.Advances in cell separation:recent developments in counterflow centrifugal elutriation and continuous flow cell separation[J].Journal of Chromatography B,1999,722(1):55-69.
[18]Han Z B,Ishizaki K,Nishizawa K,et al.A genetic effect of altered gravity:mutations induced by simulated hypogravity and hypergravity in microsatellite sequences of human tumor cells[J].Mutat Res,1999,426(1):1-10.
[19]林杉,陶洪斌,赵紫娟.离心力对蚕豆叶片质外体汁液中磷酸己糖异构酶活力的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2002,38(2):153-155.
[20]赵欣,王金胜.不同超重力处理小麦、玉米种子对其生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2007,9(6):100-104.
[21]国家粮食储备局标准质量管理办公室.GB/T17891—1999优质稻谷[S].1999.
[22]刘辉,孙迎春,张娟,等.离心机中粒子沉降运动分析[J].长春师范学院学报:自然科学版,2008,27(4):25-27.
[23]中国农业科学院主编.中国稻作学[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:405-416.
[24]西北农学院主编.作物育种学[M].北京:农业出版社,1981:98-108.