不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化
|
摘要
为了比较5个茶用菊新品种(系)的产量水平,并筛选出获得高产的定植期和摘心方案,以‘苏菊10号’、‘苏菊12号’、‘苏菊13号’、‘CH1-44’、‘CH5-13’为试材,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主区为早、中、晚3个定植期,裂区为5个新品种(系),裂裂区为4种摘心方案,比较不同栽培措施下植株生长和产量的差异.结果表明:5个新品种(系)中,‘CH5-13’和‘苏菊13号’产量相对较高,‘CH1-44’和‘苏菊10号’产量次之,‘苏菊12号’产量最低; 5月27日中期定植、二次摘心措施下5个新品种(系)的株高、冠幅、单株花数、花径、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著优于其他处理,较5月7日和6月13日定植分别提高16.0%和19.0%、18.0%和22.8%、36.7%和42.2%、11.1%和2.3%、13.0%和4.0%、47.8%和36.6%、48.5%和36.7%.随着摘心时间的推迟,株高显著降低,二次摘心株高较不摘心降低50.2%;二次摘心处理的冠幅、单株花数、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量最高,较不摘心依次提高17.0%、29.1%、5.5%、34.0%和34.8%.品种(系)、定植期、摘心方案3个因素对茶用菊生长性状和产量影响作用的大小依次为:定植期>品种>摘心.
To identify the high yield planting date and pinching pattern,we compared the yields of five new varieties( lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum,the ‘Suju 10',‘Suju 12',‘Suju 13',‘CH1-44'and‘CH5-13'. A field experiment with split-split plot design was carried out. The main plot treatments including three( early,middle and late) planting dates,split-plot treatments including 5 new varieties( lines),and split-split-plot treatments including four different kinds of pinching schemes. The results showed that the yield of ‘CH5-13'and ‘Suju 13'was relatively higher among the five varieties( lines),followed by‘CH1-44'and‘Suju10',and‘Suju 12'showed the lowest yield. Among the five varieties( lines),planting date on May 27 th and two-time pinching treatments showed the highest values of plant height,crown width,flower number,flower diameter,fresh mass,yield per plant and yield per unit area. Compared with the planting date on May 7th and June 13 th,the above indexes increased by 16. 0% and 19. 0%,18. 0% and 22. 8%,36.7% and42.2%,11.1% and 2.3%,13.0% and 4.0%,47.8% and 36.6%,48.5% and 36.7%,respectively.With the pinching time postponed,plant height decreased. Compared with the no pinching treatment,plant height of the two-time pinching treatment decreased by 50. 2%,and values of crown width,flowers number,the flower fresh mass,the yield per plant and the yield per unit area were highest,with increases of 17. 0%,29. 1%,5. 5%,34. 0% and 34. 8%,respectively. The impact performance of three main factors on the growth and yield of the tea-applied chrysanthemum was in order of planting date>varieties>pinching time.
To identify the high yield planting date and pinching pattern,we compared the yields of five new varieties( lines) of tea-applied chrysanthemum,the ‘Suju 10',‘Suju 12',‘Suju 13',‘CH1-44'and‘CH5-13'. A field experiment with split-split plot design was carried out. The main plot treatments including three( early,middle and late) planting dates,split-plot treatments including 5 new varieties( lines),and split-split-plot treatments including four different kinds of pinching schemes. The results showed that the yield of ‘CH5-13'and ‘Suju 13'was relatively higher among the five varieties( lines),followed by‘CH1-44'and‘Suju10',and‘Suju 12'showed the lowest yield. Among the five varieties( lines),planting date on May 27 th and two-time pinching treatments showed the highest values of plant height,crown width,flower number,flower diameter,fresh mass,yield per plant and yield per unit area. Compared with the planting date on May 7th and June 13 th,the above indexes increased by 16. 0% and 19. 0%,18. 0% and 22. 8%,36.7% and42.2%,11.1% and 2.3%,13.0% and 4.0%,47.8% and 36.6%,48.5% and 36.7%,respectively.With the pinching time postponed,plant height decreased. Compared with the no pinching treatment,plant height of the two-time pinching treatment decreased by 50. 2%,and values of crown width,flowers number,the flower fresh mass,the yield per plant and the yield per unit area were highest,with increases of 17. 0%,29. 1%,5. 5%,34. 0% and 34. 8%,respectively. The impact performance of three main factors on the growth and yield of the tea-applied chrysanthemum was in order of planting date>varieties>pinching time.
引文
[1]Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission(国家药典委员会).Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Beijing:China Medical Science and Technology Press,2015(in Chinese)
[2]Feng X-Y(冯晓燕),Fang W-M(房伟民),Chen F-D(陈发棣),et al.The breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium for tea and medicine.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials(中药材),2017,40(3):258-264(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang S-L(张树林),Dai S-L(戴思兰).Chinese Chrysanthemum Book.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2013:48(in Chinese)
[4]Guo Z-G(郭志刚),Zhang W(张伟).Chrysanthemum.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2001:11-16(in Chinese)
[5]Yao Y-M(姚悦梅),Pan Y-P(潘跃平),Mao Z-L(毛忠良),et al.Effects of seeding time and light duration on growth and development of cosmos.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2008,36(1):123-125(in Chinese)
[6]Yao Y-M(姚悦梅),Pan Y-F(潘永飞),Dai Z-L(戴忠良),et al.Effects of seeding time and pinching on seed yield and quality of cosmos.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2009,37(5):169-170(in Chinese)
[7]Yu Y-X(于云霞),Guan Z-Y(管志勇),Chen F-D(陈发棣),et al.Study of the patterns of Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium engraftment.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials(中药材),2018,41(2):257-262(in Chinese)
[8]Jing S-X(景士西).General Theory of Horticultural Plant Breeding.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese)
[9]Qian T-T(钱婷婷),Guo X-Y(郭新宇).Research progress on the influencing factors in dry matter distribution of fruit vegetables.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2010,26(16):211-216(in Chinese)
[10]Yang X-F(杨小飞),Guo F-Q(郭房庆).Research advances in mechanisms of plant leaf senescence under heat stress.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2014,50(9):1285-1292(in Chinese)
[11]Shang J-Q(尚嘉琪),Ren L(任磊),Yuan Y(原阳),et al.Study on cultivation techniques for high yield production of tea chrysanthemum in woodlands in arid areas.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science)(山西农业大学学报:自然科学版),2017,37(2):89-99(in Chinese)
[12]Yang E-C(杨恩聪),Jing D-H(景德华),Li J-X(李进学),et al.Effect of stubble height of pinching off growing-tip on formatting branches and fruits of Eureka lemon young trees.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences(西南农业学报),2009,22(4):1053-1056(in Chinese)
[13]Tang H(唐辉),Liang H-L(梁惠凌),Wei X(韦霄),et al.Effects of ringing and cutting off growing-tip on shoot growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolite accumulation in leaves of pecan.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science)(南京林业大学学报:自然科学版),2007,24(2):168-171(in Chinese)
[14]Li S-Z(李尚中),Fan T-L(樊廷录),Zhao G(赵刚),et al.Effects of hybrid,plant density and plastic film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica(草业学报),2017,26(12):35-47(in Chinese)
[15]Liang S-M(梁素明),Wang A-P(王爱萍),Ren H-E(任海娥),et al.Influence of the density control for different plant type corn varieties to the formation of sourcesink and yield.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences(山西农业科学),2013,41(7):686-692(in Chinese)
[2]Feng X-Y(冯晓燕),Fang W-M(房伟民),Chen F-D(陈发棣),et al.The breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium for tea and medicine.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials(中药材),2017,40(3):258-264(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang S-L(张树林),Dai S-L(戴思兰).Chinese Chrysanthemum Book.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2013:48(in Chinese)
[4]Guo Z-G(郭志刚),Zhang W(张伟).Chrysanthemum.Beijing:China Forestry Press,2001:11-16(in Chinese)
[5]Yao Y-M(姚悦梅),Pan Y-P(潘跃平),Mao Z-L(毛忠良),et al.Effects of seeding time and light duration on growth and development of cosmos.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2008,36(1):123-125(in Chinese)
[6]Yao Y-M(姚悦梅),Pan Y-F(潘永飞),Dai Z-L(戴忠良),et al.Effects of seeding time and pinching on seed yield and quality of cosmos.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),2009,37(5):169-170(in Chinese)
[7]Yu Y-X(于云霞),Guan Z-Y(管志勇),Chen F-D(陈发棣),et al.Study of the patterns of Chuzhou Chrysanthemum morifolium engraftment.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials(中药材),2018,41(2):257-262(in Chinese)
[8]Jing S-X(景士西).General Theory of Horticultural Plant Breeding.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese)
[9]Qian T-T(钱婷婷),Guo X-Y(郭新宇).Research progress on the influencing factors in dry matter distribution of fruit vegetables.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2010,26(16):211-216(in Chinese)
[10]Yang X-F(杨小飞),Guo F-Q(郭房庆).Research advances in mechanisms of plant leaf senescence under heat stress.Plant Physiology Journal(植物生理学报),2014,50(9):1285-1292(in Chinese)
[11]Shang J-Q(尚嘉琪),Ren L(任磊),Yuan Y(原阳),et al.Study on cultivation techniques for high yield production of tea chrysanthemum in woodlands in arid areas.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science)(山西农业大学学报:自然科学版),2017,37(2):89-99(in Chinese)
[12]Yang E-C(杨恩聪),Jing D-H(景德华),Li J-X(李进学),et al.Effect of stubble height of pinching off growing-tip on formatting branches and fruits of Eureka lemon young trees.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences(西南农业学报),2009,22(4):1053-1056(in Chinese)
[13]Tang H(唐辉),Liang H-L(梁惠凌),Wei X(韦霄),et al.Effects of ringing and cutting off growing-tip on shoot growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolite accumulation in leaves of pecan.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science)(南京林业大学学报:自然科学版),2007,24(2):168-171(in Chinese)
[14]Li S-Z(李尚中),Fan T-L(樊廷录),Zhao G(赵刚),et al.Effects of hybrid,plant density and plastic film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica(草业学报),2017,26(12):35-47(in Chinese)
[15]Liang S-M(梁素明),Wang A-P(王爱萍),Ren H-E(任海娥),et al.Influence of the density control for different plant type corn varieties to the formation of sourcesink and yield.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences(山西农业科学),2013,41(7):686-692(in Chinese)